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    Comparison of Level of Knowledge Among Dental Students About Self Perceived Malodor

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    Viviliyan Winsor
    This document discusses oral malodor (bad breath) and compares the level of knowledge about it between two groups of dental students. It finds that Group I students scored higher than Group II students on a self-administered questionnaire about causes of malodor, ways to assess and manage it, and oral hygiene practices. Common causes include periodontal disease, poor dental hygiene, and post-nasal drip. Assessment methods include organoleptic and gas chromatography tests. Management involves identifying and treating underlying causes, improving oral hygiene, and using antimicrobial mouthwashes.

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    Comparison of Level of Knowledge Among Dental Students About Self Perceived Malodor

    Uploaded by

    Viviliyan Winsor
    75 views23 pages
    This document discusses oral malodor (bad breath) and compares the level of knowledge about it between two groups of dental students. It finds that Group I students scored higher than Group II students on a self-administered questionnaire about causes of malodor, ways to assess and manage it, and oral hygiene practices. Common causes include periodontal disease, poor dental hygiene, and post-nasal drip. Assessment methods include organoleptic and gas chromatography tests. Management involves identifying and treating underlying causes, improving oral hygiene, and using antimicrobial mouthwashes.

    Original Title

    Halitosis

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document discusses oral malodor (bad breath) and compares the level of knowledge about it between two groups of dental students. It finds that Group I students scored higher than Group II students on a self-administered questionnaire about causes of malodor, ways to assess and manage it, and oral hygiene practices. Common causes include periodontal disease, poor dental hygiene, and post-nasal drip. Assessment methods include organoleptic and gas chromatography tests. Management involves identifying and treating underlying causes, improving oral hygiene, and using antimicrobial mouthwashes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    75 views23 pages

    Comparison of Level of Knowledge Among Dental Students About Self Perceived Malodor

    Uploaded by

    Viviliyan Winsor
    This document discusses oral malodor (bad breath) and compares the level of knowledge about it between two groups of dental students. It finds that Group I students scored higher than Group II students on a self-administered questionnaire about causes of malodor, ways to assess and manage it, and oral hygiene practices. Common causes include periodontal disease, poor dental hygiene, and post-nasal drip. Assessment methods include organoleptic and gas chromatography tests. Management involves identifying and treating underlying causes, improving oral hygiene, and using antimicrobial mouthwashes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    Comparison of level of knowledge among dental students about self perceived malodor

    INTRODUCTION
    Extremely common. Majority of adult population have had it at some point in time! Up to on a regular basis. Very subjective

    Unpleasant condition which creates huge embarrassment with potentially grave consequences. Most seek help from General Physician initially, not the dentist!

    WHERE DOES IT COME FROM ?


    85-90% comes from the mouth itself. Formed by bacterial putrefaction of food debris, cells, saliva and blood. Despite rigorous hygiene, good dentition, posterior dorsum of tongue is often a source ( Post nasal drip related).

    COMPONENTS THE ORAL BOUQUET


    Compounds commonly produced by mouth bacteria
    Hydrogen Sulphide Methyl mercaptan Skatole Cadaverine Putrescine Isovaleric acid

    CAUSES
    Sleep. Poor dental hygiene; gingivitis, periodontitis, dentures. PostNasal drip, sinusitis, nasal polyps, adenoids, foreign bodies, tonsillitis & tonsilliths. Naso-oropharyngeal problems

    Food (onions, garlic).


    Drugs: ISDN, disulfaram. Xerostomia: anxiety, pyrexia, anticholinergics, antihistamines, Tricyclic antidepressants, Sjgrens Syndrome.

    Causes contd..
    Association with H.Pylori Pharyngeal pouch Gastric outlet probs Severe Reflux Diabetic ketoacidosis Renal dysfunction Hepatic dysfunction Respiratory disease

    Delusional halitosis Hallucinatory feature of psychotic illness Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Trimethylaminuria

    Gram Negative Anaerobes are trapped


    Bacterial enzymes

    Bacterial Growth

    Inflammation

    Protein Substrate
    Salivary and tissue proteins

    Enzymatic degradation

    Tissue Permeability Collagen breakdown Delayed Wound Healing


    Volatile Sulphur Compounds affects

    Amino Acids Cys-Cys, Cys, Met, Ser, Trp, Orn Volatile sulfur and other objectionable compounds
    H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S, indole, skatole Bacterial metabolism

    Protein Substrate
    thiocysteine

    Methionine
    Serine

    CH3SH

    Cystine
    H2 S

    Homocysteine
    NH3

    H 2S a-ketobutyrate

    Cystathionine

    Cysteine
    H2 S pyruvate acetic acid
    NH3

    Homoserine

    Tryptophan
    Indole, Skatole

    propionate

    The Mechanism of Malodor Formation

    INVESTIGATIONS
    Organoleptic Halimeter Microbiological Gas Chromatography/Flame Photometric Detection Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

    MANAGEMENT
    Identify & eliminate obvious causes. Cheapest/ most effective option is improvement of oral hygiene. Referral to dentist for full oral/dental examination and provision of education (brushing, flossing, mouthwash use 0.2 % chlorhexidine gluconate). Chlorhexidene/ hydrogen peroxide mouthwashes reduce concentrations of VSCs measured quantitatively & by level of malodour reported by observer.

    Clinical Evidence
    No effectiveness/comparisons Tongue cleaning, brushing, scraping Sugar free chewing gum Zinc toothpastes Artificial saliva Chlorhexidene-containing mouthwashes have shown in several studies to reduce odour levels significantly (p<0.001) for long periods following use.[3]

    ENT referral
    Antral washout, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, biopsy etc.

    Gastroenterology referral
    Rare despite common belief !

    Psychology/psychiatric referral
    Halitophobia.

    Empirical treatment with metronidazole

    Dos & Donts


    Visit dentist regularly. See dental hygienist. Denture education. Mouthwash advise. Chew sugar-free gum. Drink plenty of fluids. Dont let it affect your life GET HELP ! Facilitate access to patient education & information resources.

    REFERENCES
    Tonzeitch J. Production and origin of oral malodour; a review of methods and mechanisms analysis;1977; 48:13-17 [2]Rosenberg M. Bad breath; diagnosis & treatment Dent J:1990; 3:7-11 [3]Bosy A et al. Relationship of malodour to periodontitis: J Peridontol:1994;65:37-46 [4]Scully C. What to do about halitosis. BMJ: 1994; 308;217-218
    [1]

    Bad Breath Research Website British Dental Association Fact File Website. Clinical evidence.com

    Aim
    The aim of the present study is to evaluate the level of knowledge about oral malodor , oral hygiene practices between students of dentistry

    Materials and methods


    The study was carried out on dental students from Madha Dental college and Hospital , Chennai. Ethical approval has been obtained and written informed consent has been obtained from all participants prior to the start of the study. A self administered questionnaire was provided to assess and compare the level of knowledge among dental students about self perceived oral malodor

    Inclusion criteria
    Age range - 18 -22 years No H/o dental treatment for past six months No systemic diseases / condition No history of use of mouth washes for past six months No use of medications for past six months

    GROUP 1

    80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Q-1 Q-2 Q-3 Q-4 Q-5 Q-6 Q-7 Q-8 Q-9 Q-10 Q-11 Q-12 Q-13 YES NO

    GROUP II
    70

    60

    50

    40
    YES 30 NO

    20

    10

    0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13

    Results

    Discussion

    Conclusion

    Thank u

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