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    Fluorides IN Dentistry: Meghna Verma

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    Fluoride is an anion F(-),the reduced form of fluorine when as an ion and when bonded to another element. Both organofluorine compounds and inorganic fluorine containing compounds are called fluorides. Fluoride minerals are known, but of commercial importance are fluorite and fluorapatite. It is found naturally in low concentrations in drinking water and foods.

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    Fluorides IN Dentistry: Meghna Verma

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    Fluoride is an anion F(-),the reduced form of fluorine when as an ion and when bonded to another element. Both organofluorine compounds and inorganic fluorine containing compounds are called fluorides. Fluoride minerals are known, but of commercial importance are fluorite and fluorapatite. It is found naturally in low concentrations in drinking water and foods.

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    Fluoride is an anion F(-),the reduced form of fluorine when as an ion and when bonded to another element. Both organofluorine compounds and inorganic fluorine containing compounds are called fluorides. Fluoride minerals are known, but of commercial importance are fluorite and fluorapatite. It is found naturally in low concentrations in drinking water and foods.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    170 views20 pages

    Fluorides IN Dentistry: Meghna Verma

    Uploaded by

    new biee
    Fluoride is an anion F(-),the reduced form of fluorine when as an ion and when bonded to another element. Both organofluorine compounds and inorganic fluorine containing compounds are called fluorides. Fluoride minerals are known, but of commercial importance are fluorite and fluorapatite. It is found naturally in low concentrations in drinking water and foods.

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    FLUORIDES IN DENTISTRY

    Meghna Verma

    Fluorides
    It is an anion F(-),the reduced form of fluorine when as an ion and when bonded to another element. Fluorine, a halogen is the most electronegative of all elements and is therefore highly reactive .

    Both organofluorine compounds and inorganic fluorine containing compounds are called fluorides.

    Natural Occurrence

    Many fluoride minerals are known, but of commercial importance are fluorite and fluorapatite.
    It is found naturally in low concentrations in drinking water and foods. Water with underground sources is more likely to have higher levels of fluoride, whereas the concentration in seawater avgs 1.3 ppm.

    Sources Of Fluoride

    Topical agents

    Fluoridated water

    Other ingested sources

    SALTS OF FLUORIDE

    MECHANISM OF ACTION
    1.

    2.

    Fluorides alter the physiochemical properties of teeth as follows :They inhibit bacterial enzymes which produce acids and therefore prevent decalcification of the teeth . They convert the hydroxyapatite of enamel and dentin to fluorapatite which is more resistant to destruction by acids.

    Thus fluorides make the outer layers of enamel harder and more resistant to demineralization .

    3. Fluorides also stimulate remineralization of enamel.

    Various ways of using fluoride: Systemic: Water fluoridation, tablets, drops, fluoridated milk/salt Topical: Solution, Gel, Mouth rinses, toothpaste.

    WATER FLUORIDATION
    Fluoridation of drinking water The optimum level- 0.5 -1 ppm More than 1-2 ppm -dental fluorosis

    TOPICAL FLUORIDE

    It may be used as : FLUORIDE DENTIFRICES Sodium fluoride , stannous fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate are the salts used in such dentifrices. Mouth should be rinsed and dentifrice should not be swallowed . Used twice a day regularly .

    FLUORIDE MOUTHRINSES 0.2% sodium fluoride solution containing 900 ppm of fluoride , retained in the mouth for one min to be used twice a week is effective in preventing caries .

    Topical application by a dentist of 2% sodium fluoride or 8% stannous fluoride once week for 4 weeks also prevents caries ,but it is expensive

    Toxicity
    It is of two types Acute

    chronic

    ACUTE TOXICITY
    Could result from accidental or suicidal overdosage often due to ingestion of fluoride Begins within 30 min of ingestion .

    Effects:

    GIT: HCL + F - = Cl -+ HCF (Gastric Irritant):


    -Nausea,vomiting,diarrhoea

    -Abdominal pain
    -Increased salivation & thirst

    CNS: Hyperreflexia, convulsions & paresthesia

    CVS: Cardiac Failure

    RS: Respiratory paralysis

    Treatment
    Acute poisoning: a. Induce vomiting b. Administer fluoride binding liquid -Milk -Lime water c. Gastric lavage d. Support respiration

    Chronic poisoning
    Long-term ingestion of fluoride in amounts
    exceeding approved therapeutic levels

    Continued ingestion of high doses of fluoride will

    show changes in the teeth. Fluorosis of enamel is

    caused by defective matrix formation


    (hypoplasia) probably due to direct effect of

    fluoride on ameloblast metabolism.


    opaque white flecks appearance of enamel

    Normal

    Moderate

    FLUOROSIS

    Severe Fluorosis

    To Summarize:

    Fluoride can reduce caries by preventing demineralization and promoting remineralization of tooth surfaces and can also inhibit acid production. Four fluoride sources are used in dentifrices: sodium fluoride (NaF); sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP); amine fluoride (AmF) and stannous fluoride (SnF2).

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