Design Of Pressure Vessel
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The document discusses the design of pressure vessels. It covers the important design phase carried out using codes to ensure safety. Pressure vessels work under internal or external pressure at various temperatures. Common materials used are carbon steel, stainless steel, and titanium. The main components of a pressure vessel are the shell, dished ends, nozzles, manways, and lugs. The document focuses on the design of the shell, dished ends, and nozzles. It provides equations and diagrams to illustrate how their minimum thicknesses are calculated based on factors like internal pressure, radius, and stress values. Various types of dished ends and nozzle constructions are also described.
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Design Of Pressure Vessel
- 1. DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSEL 17113123-026 Fasih Afzal Khan
- 2. PRESSURE VESSEL The very important phase to construct a pressure vessel is “DESIGN PHASE” Design phase is carried out with the care with the help of “CODES ” . The values of which ensure the safety performance of vessel . “ PRESSURE VESSELS ARE VESSELS WORKING UNDER INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL / VACUUM PRESSURE WITH VARIOUS TEMPERATURES CONDITION.”
- 3. MATERIAL FOR PRESSURE VESSELS:- •Carbon Steel • Carbon Manganese steel • Carbon Manganese Silicon Steel • Chromium Steel (1Cr.-0.5Mo. Steel , 2Cr- 1 Mo. Steel ,2- ¼ Cr. - ½ Mo. Steel ) • Stainless steel • Titanium Generally Carbon Steel is used to construct vessels. But Sometimes where the corrosion is higher than the Normal corrosion at that time Stainless Steel may be Used or sometimes Titanium is also used due to process Requirement and highly corrosive condition.
- 4. DESIGN Pressure Vessel is contain following main equipment. SHELL DISHED END [ D’END] NOZZLES MANWAYS LUGS SUPPORTS But we are looking only for Design of SHELL, DISHED END & NOZZLES.
- 5. DESIGN OF SHELL “The portion between Top D’end and Bottom D’end is known as SHELL” Shell is made from rectangle plate. The material used to make a shell is SA516 GR 70. In America the SA516 means Carbon Steel and GR means Grade. Grade is depending upon the different material which we used for Pressure Vessel. The thickness of shell is depending upon the type of shell and stresses. Generally Shell can be classified in 2 categories. 1. Cylindrical Shell 2. Spherical Shell Stress can also classified in 2 categories. 1. Circumferential Stress 2. Longitudinal Stress
- 6. Here, P = Internal Design Pressure t = Minimum Required thickness of Shell in inches. R = Inside radius of Shell S = Maximum Allowable Stress value in Psi E = Joint Efficiency
- 7. DESIGN OF DISHED END Shown in the figure , the portion above and below the shell is known as “ DISHED-END OR HEAD ”. The portion above the shell is known as “Top Dished-End ” and the portion below the shell is known as “ Bottom Dished-End ” . There are many Types of Dished-End like : Hemispherical head Elliptical Head Torispherical Head Conical Head Toriconical Head
- 10. 3. TORISPHERICAL
- 11. 4. CONICAL
- 12. 5. TORICONICAL
- 13. NOZZLE Νοzzle are opening in vessel for various purpose like inlet , outlet , pressure indicator , level indicator ,etc. The various construction are : 1. Nozzle with Pipe & Flange 2. Nozzle with Pipe , flange & reinforcement pad 3. Long weld neck type nozzle 4. Self Reinforced Nozzles
- 14. 1. FLANGE PIPE This type construction consist of a flange with pipe intruding vessel wall. The flanges used in such construction are generally standard flanges from ASME B16.5. These flanges of forged grain structure. Another important part is pipe which is either seamless or fabricated from plate with long seam. Seamless Pipes are manufactured using extrusion methods. These type of nozzles are either SET-IN type (in which pipe enters till inside of vessel ID) or SET-ON type (in which pipe up to OD of vessel).Generally, this type of nozzles are used for low pressure services.
- 16. 2. FLANGE PIPE CONSTRUCTION WITH REINFORCEMENT PAD : This type of construction is similar like Flange type construction with difference of additional reinforcement provided to compensate the reduction in strength due to cutout in vessel wall, using pad. As can be nicely understood from figure the pads are provided outside the vessel wall & welded with shell using fillet welds. These pads are provided with 1 or 2 No of holes which is used for removal of hot gases between pad & vessel wall during heat
- 18. 3. LONG WELD NECK CONSTRUCTION: This is another type of construction widely used in pressure vessel. The constructional details can be seen in figure. Long weld neck flanges are the flanges manufactured as per manufacturer standards like Taylor Forge. These flanges are readily available in market with various lengths. ASME Code allows use these
- 19. 4. SELF REINFORCED NOZZLES: This is the most widely used construction of High thick vessel & reactors. In this type of construction, the nozzle opening is made of forged material machined to suit the shape required for reinforcement of nozzle cutout. This construction allows very pressures & temperatures.