This document summarizes a final presentation on four months of training in mechanical engineering. It includes topics on the mechanical department, static equipment, pressure vessels, material selection, failures, software used for calculations, and vessel calculation formulas. Diagrams are presented showing examples of horizontal and vertical pressure vessel design in 3D and 2D.
This presentation will gave an Basic idea about Pipe stress analysis, why pipe stress analysis need to perform and Having small introduction to CAESAR II Software.
This document summarizes a student project to design a high temperature and pressure naphtha piping system. It includes the project members, objectives to understand piping design concepts and flexibility, and perform stress analysis manually and using CAESER II software. The problem statement is to design a 6" diameter pipe connecting a centrifugal pump and pressure vessel operating at 300°C and 21.4kg/cm2. The document outlines the design methodology, calculations, material selection, and references used.
The document discusses different types of storage tanks including open top tanks, fixed roof tanks, and floating roof tanks. It provides details on supported cone roof tanks, self-supporting fixed roof tanks, single deck and double deck floating roof tanks, and internal floating roof tanks. Key parts and accessories for floating roof tanks are described such as the roof seal system, support legs, roof drain systems, and vents. Standards for storage tanks like API 650 and 653 are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview and introduction to ASME Section VIII Division 1, which establishes rules for the construction of pressure vessels. It discusses the historical context that led to the development of pressure vessel codes, an overview of ASME's codes and standards, key definitions, and the design requirements and considerations specified in Section VIII Division 1. The document covers topics such as material selection, corrosion allowances, minimum thickness requirements, design pressure, and loadings that must be considered in pressure vessel design.
This document discusses pipeline stress analysis using CAESAR II. It summarizes that pipeline and piping stress analysis differ in modeling approaches due to underground versus aboveground conditions. Key aspects of pipeline modeling covered include buried element modeling, use of anchor blocks at transitions from underground to aboveground, and consideration of load case combinations for stress analysis. Example results from a CAESAR II stress report are presented.
Download this document here: http://www.cadem.in/software/cadempvd/reports/pressure-vessels/design-of-pressure-vessel-1.pdf
This example covers design of a simple pressure vessel. This pressure vessel has a top flat cover and a bottom dished end. The top cover is of bolted type and is connected to the shell through top body flange. The pressure vessel is provided with lugs support and lifting lug.
This document provides an overview and contents of an online course about ASME Section I and Section VIII fundamentals. It includes:
- An introduction to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code which contains 12 sections covering various topics like power boilers, materials, pressure vessels, welding qualifications, and piping codes.
- Summaries of the scopes and requirements of key sections like Section I (power boilers), Section VIII (pressure vessels), and the B31 piping codes.
- Information on ASME certification and inspection procedures for pressure equipment.
- A note on converting between imperial and metric units in the ASME codes.
- An introduction to the fundamentals and design requirements
Stress analysis of storage tank piping - Jeba AnandJeba Anand Nadar
1. The document discusses stress analysis of storage tank piping. It covers classification of tanks based on fluid type and construction, modeling of tanks in Caesar software, API 650 calculations, and nozzle checks as per API 650 standards.
2. Key points include classification of tanks as fixed roof, floating roof, horizontal pressure, and Horton sphere types. Modeling of tanks in Caesar involves defining displacements for tank settlement and bulging. Nozzle checks involve verifying loads do not exceed allowable limits given tank dimensions and properties.
3. Piping connected to tanks must be properly routed and supported, accounting for tank behavior due to settlement, thermal growth, and bulging under liquid head pressure. Spring supports may
Introduction to Stress Analysis and Piping Vibration AnalysisAndré Fraga
This slide is a short introduction to Piping Stress Analysis and Piping Vibration Analysis. It was made as a resume to introduce new Engineers to this subject.
This document is a project report on piping stress analysis submitted by three students - Adwait A. Joshi, Robin T. Cherian, and Girish R. Rao - to the University of Mumbai in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree requirements. It was completed under the guidance of their internal project guide Prof. Ms. R. R. Easow at Sardar Patel College of Engineering, with external guidance from Prof. A. S. Moharir of IIT Bombay's Piping Engineering Cell. The report introduces piping stress analysis, outlines the objectives and scope of analyzing stresses in piping systems, and describes how loads are classified and their effects on piping stresses
This presentation will cover pipe support design, 3D modeling, Finite Element Analysis, special stress and thermal cases, along with the unique cases that brought on new pipe support designs. Increase your understanding of the value-added services that are offered by PT&P.
Here are the steps to model the structural steel support:
1. Add a structural steel material (e.g. A36)
2. Define steel sections (e.g. W8x10, W6x15)
3. Add steel elements between the pipe supports and ground
4. Specify the pipe support nodes as CNODEs for the steel elements
5. Run analysis
6. Check stresses in steel
7. Check effect on piping loads and stresses
This models the structural aspect of the supports and incorporates it into the full piping analysis. It allows evaluation of both the piping and support system.
This document provides troubleshooting guidance for common air compressor issues. It lists various problems air compressors may experience such as failing to operate, excessive noise, knocking, insufficient pressure, oil consumption issues and more. For each problem, it identifies potential causes and recommended solutions to resolve the issue. The document serves as an informative guide for technicians to diagnose and repair air compressor faults.
Design by Analysis - A general guideline for pressure vesselAnalyzeForSafety
This presentation file is provided by Mr. Ghanbari and published under permission.
The presentation gives an introduction and general guideline for pressure vessel design by analysis.
The “design by analysis” procedures are intended to guard against eight possible pressure vessel failure modes by performing a detailed stress analysis of the vessel with the sufficient design factors. The failure modes are:
1.excessive elastic deformation, including elastic instability,
2.excessive plastic deformation,
3.brittle fracture,
4.stress rupture/creep deformation (inelastic),
5.plastic instability - incremental collapse,
6.high strain - low cycle fatigue,
7.stress corrosion, and
8.corrosion fatigue
Most of the “design by analysis” procedures that are given in ASME BPVC relate to designs based on “elastic analysis.”
The design-by-analysis requirements are organized based on protection against the failure modes listed below. The component shall be evaluated for each applicable failure mode. If multiple assessment procedures are provided for a failure mode, only one of these procedures must be satisfied to qualify the design of a component.
a)All pressure vessels within the scope of this Division, irrespective of size or pressure, shall be provided with protection against overpressure in accordance with the requirements of this Part.
b)Protection Against Plastic Collapse – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules.
c)Protection Against Local Failure – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules. It is not necessary to evaluate the local strain limit criterion if the component design is in accordance with Part 4 (i.e. component wall thickness and weld detail per paragraph 4.2).
d)Protection Against Collapse From Buckling – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules and the applied loads result in a compressive stress field.
e)Protection Against Failure From Cyclic Loading – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules and the applied loads are cyclic. In addition, these requirements can also be used to qualify a component for cyclic loading where the thickness and size of the component are established using the design-by-rule requirements of Part 4.
The document summarizes key requirements from piping codes regarding pipe stress analysis. It covers loadings to consider like pressure, temperature, weight; allowable stresses; pressure design of components like straight pipes and bends; stresses from sustained, occasional, and thermal loads; and applying codes in Caesar software. The main objective of piping codes is to ensure structural integrity by satisfying minimum material, design, and safety requirements.
The document discusses the design, inspection, and repair of pressure vessels. It covers several key topics in 3 paragraphs or less:
Material selection and manufacturing processes are important considerations in pressure vessel design. Pressure vessels are designed to safely contain pressure and withstand operating stresses and temperatures over their design life. Common materials used include steel and aluminum alloys.
Design requirements include calculating stresses, dimensions, and thickness to withstand the internal pressure. Factors like pressure, vessel geometry, material properties, and temperature are considered. Standards like the ASME code provide design procedures and formulas.
Inspection and maintenance are important to determine fitness for service. The maximum allowable working pressure is based on design calculations and limits for each vessel component
This document discusses different types of storage tanks used in refineries and chemical plants. It describes atmospheric storage tanks, which operate at approximately atmospheric pressure, including fixed-roof tanks, floating-roof tanks, and fixed-roof tanks with an internal floating roof. Low-temperature and low-pressure storage tanks are also discussed. Standards for storage tank design include API-650 for atmospheric tanks and API-620 for low-pressure tanks. Floating roof tanks are described as minimizing vapor losses by maintaining a small vapor space or eliminating it completely.
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR SETTLE OUT CONDITIONS TUTORIALVijay Sarathy
Centrifugal Compressors are a preferred choice in gas transportation industry, mainly due to their ability to cater to varying loads. In the event of a compressor shutdown as a planned event, i.e., normal shutdown (NSD), the anti-surge valve is opened to recycle gas from the discharge back to the suction (thereby moving the operating point away from the surge line) and the compressor is tripped via the driver (electric motor or Gas turbine / Steam Turbine). In the case of an unplanned event, i.e., emergency shutdown such as power failure, the compressor trips first followed by the anti-surge valve opening. In doing so, the gas content in the suction side & discharge side mix.
Therefore, settle out conditions is explained as the equilibrium pressure and temperature reached in the compressor piping and equipment volume following a compressor shutdown
This document provides information on flange management including piping specifications, flanges, gaskets, and flange bolting. It discusses piping specifications, commonly used materials, pipe sizing standards, flange types, standards, pressure and temperature ratings, specifications, identification, installation guidelines, and gasket types. It emphasizes the importance of following piping specifications and using the correct materials for flanges and gaskets according to the service conditions.
This is in continuation to my previous post (walk through-piping).
Generally, when we talk about Pipe stress analysis basics, we tend to quickly jump to Failure theories, B31.3, Caesar II, Static & Dynamic, offshore /onshore, jacketed piping etc.
Walk through Pipe stress is to ease into piping stress world with its polite introduction to curious techies, without having hold on Forces/moments/displacement equations.
Pipe Stress Analysis Basics will be taken next.
regards
Ashish
This document summarizes a student project on designing and analyzing pressure vessels using conventional and ASME standards methods. It includes:
- Design and analysis of pressure vessels using conventional design, 3D modeling, ANSYS analysis, and ASME code design using PV-Elite software.
- Comparison of designs from conventional versus ASME code methods to determine the safest and most economical approach.
- The project aims to avoid pressure vessel failures and accidents through optimized design and increased safety factors.
The document discusses pressure vessels, including their definitions, components, classifications, uses, applicable codes, design criteria, testing methods. It covers topics such as typical pressure vessel components, various classifications of pressure vessels, common uses of pressure vessels, design codes like ASME and materials qualification tests and leakage tests performed on pressure vessels.
This document provides an overview and agenda for a two-day workshop on pressure vessel applications, operations, and maintenance. The workshop will cover topics such as pressure vessel design requirements, stress analysis methods, international standards for safety, and manufacturing processes. Attendees will include engineers and technicians working with pressure vessels. The objectives are for participants to understand pressure vessel design codes and analysis, recognize common terms, and apply safety standards to real-world scenarios.
The document illustrates different types of pressure vessels including a horizontal drum on saddle supports, a vertical vessel with leg support, a vertical vessel with lug support, a column, and a reactor. Each illustration shows the main components of the vessel including the shell, heads, supports, nozzles, and internal structures like catalyst beds.
A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure different from ambient pressure. Common materials used include steel, aluminum, and polymers. The manufacturing process involves forming, pressing, spinning, bending, welding, post weld heat treatment, assembly, and painting. Forming changes the size or shape through application of force using hot, warm, or cold processes. Welding permanently joins materials by melting them. Post weld heat treatment improves the properties of the weldment.
The document discusses the design of vessel heads and closures. It describes various types of heads including flat heads, dished heads, elliptical heads, hemispherical heads, and conical heads. It provides equations for analyzing stress and calculating thickness for flat heads depending on their attachment method to the vessel shell. The maximum stress occurs at the edge of a flat head for a simply supported case and at the center for a clamped case.
The document discusses the design phase of constructing pressure vessels. It explains that the design phase is critical and must be done carefully according to codes and standards to ensure safety. It then provides details on the typical components of a pressure vessel that are designed, including the shell, dished ends, nozzles, and the formulas used to calculate thicknesses and stresses for these components. Various types of pressure vessels, materials used, and nozzle constructions are also outlined.
Visual inspection is commonly used for quality control and can be manual or automated using machine vision. Manual inspection relies on human vision using light and the eyes to examine products for defects. It is applicable to many materials and can check for dimensional accuracy, discontinuities, fit and wear. Automated inspection uses machine vision systems for rapid, consistent inspection of specific component details in production applications. Both methods are affected by lighting, detector quality, data processing ability, and training level.
The document provides information about diesel electric power plants (ICPP), including:
1) Diesel fuel and air are the sources of energy in a diesel electric power plant. Diagrams show the processes of converting fuel energy to indicated power, mechanical power, brake power, and electrical power.
2) Equations are given for calculating indicated power, shaft power, and electrical power based on factors like fuel flow rate, heating value, cylinder pressures, engine speed, generator output.
3) Efficiency of various stages is defined, such as mechanical efficiency, generator efficiency, and thermal efficiency. Methods for measuring power outputs at different stages using a prony brake, dynamometer, or volt-ammeter are
Fall protection is important even for experienced workers because balance can be lost and falls can happen unexpectedly from just a short height. Falls have been a hazard since the beginning, so protection is needed to prevent injury when working at heights until better landing techniques are developed. A document provides resources on fall protection hazards and controls including a chapter in a health and safety textbook, related videos, and practice questions to review working at heights.
This document provides information about an engineering drawing course, including details about the CAD software used, grading policies, class policies, objectives, and sample part drawing assignments. The course uses Solid Edge software to create 3D part and assembly models and generate 2D drawings. Grades are based on plates (assignments) and class participation. Policies address late work, attendance, and internet use. The objectives are to learn CAD functions for sketches, models, assemblies, and drawings. Examples of drawing assignments include parts like levers, gears, and housings shown with specific views.
The document provides information about Descon Engineering Consultants, a Pakistani engineering firm. It lists Descon's offices and manufacturing facilities located across Pakistan, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. It also outlines Descon's major resources, which include over 1,700 engineers, fabrication shops, heavy construction equipment, and quality control systems. The document then highlights some of Descon's manufacturing capabilities and facilities for pressure vessels, steel structures, and other process equipment.
Efficient Solutions For The Courier Express And Postal IndustryThorne & Derrick UK
SICK provides sensor solutions for various stages of the courier, express, and postal process including unloading/inbound, safety, induction, identification, dimensioning/weighing, sorting, outbound/loading, and building surveillance. Key applications include safety scanners to protect workers during unloading, handheld and automated scanners for identification, dimensioning systems for measuring parcels, and sensors to ensure safe and efficient sorting. SICK offers a wide range of products and services to help courier companies meet challenges in efficiency, security, sustainability and more.
This PPT gives information about:
1. WHERE condintion,
2. Order By,
3. Group By,
4. SQL Standard
5. SQL Queries
6. SQL Database Tables
7. SQL Injection
Compaction equipment includes smooth wheeled rollers, sheepfoot rollers, pneumatic tyred rollers, vibratory rollers, tampers, and vibrating plates. These equipment types are used to compact various soil types through the reduction of air voids. Erection equipment includes cranes, which can be classified as derrick cranes, mobile cranes, hydraulic cranes, overhead cranes, traveller cranes, and tower cranes. These cranes are used to lift and transport heavy loads and materials over distances during construction and erection projects.
The document provides details of a project to produce bioethanol from glycerol using Enterobacter aerogenes TISTR1468. It summarizes the production process, which involves micro-aerobic fermentation, stripping, binary distillation, extraction, and flash vaporization. Key production metrics are given, such as a production rate of 3676.47 kg of bioethanol per hour. It also lists several chapters that require improvement work, such as redesigning the bioreactors, correcting heat integration calculations, completing control loops and relief valves on piping and instrumentation diagrams, and redesigning process units based on new stream data.
Shell and tube heat exchangers are commonly used in various industries. They work by transferring heat between two fluids flowing through the shell side and tube side. Key components include the shell, tubes, tubesheet, baffles, and connections. Design considerations include materials selection, codes and standards compliance, strength calculations for pressure components, and hydrostatic testing. Detailed drawings are required to communicate the design to manufacturers.
This document is a technical manual providing repair and maintenance instructions for Deere Power Systems Group diesel engines models 3179, 4239, 6359, 4276, and 6414. It covers specifications, tools required, disassembly and assembly sequences, and procedures for servicing various engine components like the cylinder head, valves, rocker arms, push rods, cylinder block, and more. Safety precautions are emphasized throughout and mechanics are instructed to clean components, check tolerances, replace seals, and adjust clearances as specified to properly service these engines.
This document summarizes ASME Section VIII Division 2 requirements for welding and non-destructive testing of welds. It outlines weld categories, fabrication requirements including repair of defects, welding identification markings, and acceptance standards for radiographic, penetrant, and ultrasonic testing of welds. Impact testing of welds is also addressed including testing of vessel test plates to qualify welding procedures for different weld categories.
Design & Stress Analysis of a Cylinder with Closed ends using ANSYSIJERA Editor
The significance of the title of the project comes to front with designing structure of the pressure vessel for static loading and its assessment by ANSYS , is basically a project concerned with design of different pressure vessel elements such as shell, Dish end ,operating manhole ,support leg based on standards and codes ; and evolution of shell and dish end analysed by means of ANSYS .The key feature included in the project is to check the behaviour of pressure vessel in case of fluctuating load . The procedural step includes various aspects such as selecting the material based on American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) codes ,and then designing on the standards procedures with referring standard manuals based on ASME .Further we have included the different manufacturing methods practice by the industries and different aspects of it .
1) Pressure vessels are containers used to hold gases or liquids under pressure. They come in various shapes and sizes and are classified by factors like thickness, pressure level, temperature, and dimensions.
2) Thin-walled vessels have a wall thickness less than 1/10 the diameter, while thick-walled vessels have a thicker wall. Pressure vessel design must consider strength, rigidity, stability, durability, tightness, and economics.
3) Key design aspects include the design pressure and temperature, materials selection, design stress levels, weld joint efficiency, corrosion allowance, and loads from pressure, weight, winds, earthquakes and more. Minimum practical wall thicknesses are also important.
This document discusses modeling and analysis of solid vessel and multilayered composite pressure vessels. It begins with an abstract describing a solid wall vessel consisting of a single cylindrical shell and closed ends, considered a thick cylinder. Multilayer vessels are built by wrapping sheets over a core tube, using several material layers for quality control and optimum properties. The document then discusses design parameters like design pressure, allowable stress, and corrosion allowance. It also discusses the objectives of reducing stress on objects using composite materials and determining the most suitable composite. Tools used include Creo CAD software and ANSYS Workbench CAE software.
4. Mechanical design of pressure vessels_slides.pdfYafetTilahun
This document provides an overview of key concepts for the mechanical design of pressure vessels, including determining design pressure and temperature, selecting material and maximum allowable stress values according to the ASME code, calculating wall thickness using formulas, adding corrosion allowance, common head and vessel types, estimating vessel weight, and outlining typical pressure vessel specification requirements. The purpose is to present concepts a project engineer needs to understand to properly specify and purchase pressure vessel equipment for the oil and gas industry.
The document summarizes key aspects of pressure vessel design based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It outlines design criteria such as allowable stresses and materials, as well as formulas for calculating minimum wall thickness for different vessel geometries. Reinforcement requirements for openings are also covered, along with examples of a sample vessel calculation and fabrication details.
The document summarizes key aspects of pressure vessel design according to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It outlines the code's design criteria including allowable stresses, materials selection, and formulas for calculating minimum wall thicknesses. It also discusses reinforcement requirements for openings in pressure vessels. Pressure vessels are critical industrial equipment and codes were developed after early explosions caused numerous deaths and property damage. The codes are regularly revised based on new knowledge and technology.
This document provides an overview of pressure vessels, including their definition, classifications, materials, and design considerations. Pressure vessels are closed containers designed to hold gases or liquids above atmospheric pressure. They are commonly used in industries like petroleum refining, chemicals, power generation, and food and pharmaceuticals. Key aspects covered include vessel geometry, installation, thickness calculations, testing requirements, and applicable codes and standards like the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
Design and Analysis of Vapour Absorbing MachineIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
This document discusses the design of a pressure vessel and prediction of failure of a limpet coil. It begins with an abstract that describes designing a pressure vessel according to ASME Section VIII and analyzing failure of a half pipe jacket (limpet coil) through thermal and finite element analysis. The document then reviews literature on pressure vessel design and failure analysis. It describes the design methodology used, including code selection, material selection, design parameters, shell design, closure design, openings/reinforcements, vessel supports, and loads. The document presents the analytical design results, which are validated using PV-ELITE software. It also shows the results of finite element analysis on the vessel shell and limpet coil in ANSYS, comparing stresses and
Chemical Engineering Apparatus Design lecture noteMuktarAbdu3
The document provides information about mechanical design of pressure vessels. It begins with introducing pressure vessels and their importance in chemical engineering fields. Then it discusses factors to consider in pressure vessel design like maximum pressure, temperature, material selection and thickness. It also covers stresses in cylindrical and spherical pressure vessels and standards for pressure vessel design like ASME and API codes. Pressure vessel failures can occur due to improper material selection, defects in design/fabrication or corrosion. The document aims to educate chemical engineering students on basic concepts of pressure vessel design.
Chemical Engineering Apparatus Design Lecture note.pdfMuktarAbdu2
This document provides an overview of pressure vessel design for 4th year chemical engineering students. It defines pressure vessels and discusses factors considered in their design like operating pressure and temperature. Pressure vessel codes like ASME Section VIII and API 510 are mentioned which provide standards for construction, maintenance, and inspection. Common vessel failures due to issues like material selection, design flaws, fabrication errors, and corrosion are summarized. The document also outlines key loads on vessels and classifications of vessel walls as thin or thick. Overall it introduces fundamental concepts of pressure vessel design and safety standards.
Chemical Engineering Apparatus Design lecture noteMuktar Abdu
-mechanical design of process equipments
-Internal pressure of pressure vessel
-Thick and thin walled pressure vessels
-application area of thin and thick walled pressure vessels
-Principal stresses formed by internal pressure
-Radial,longitudinal and circumferential stresses
-maximum allowable thickness
-parameters of pressure design
This document provides information about pipe stress analysis and thermal expansion. It discusses the objectives of stress analysis to ensure piping structural integrity and allowable load limits. Thermal expansion due to temperature changes is a key consideration, as it can cause stresses and loads on piping components. The document outlines the various loads on piping from weight, temperature changes, and occasional events. It also describes the steps of stress analysis and provides examples of calculating thermal expansion using equations and charts.
This document outlines the mechanical design requirements and factors for storage tanks. It discusses key considerations like shell thickness determination, temperature effects, pressure, liquid properties, and corrosion allowance. Design codes and standards like API 650 provide guidelines for tank stress analysis and thickness calculations using methods like the 1-foot and variable-design-point approaches. Floating roof tanks are described as having advantages for reducing evaporation but being more complex to design and construct than fixed roof tanks. Design data ranges are also presented for temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speed, and earthquake conditions.
Basicsofheatexchanger shellandtube-150226051621-conversion-gate02Carlos Filho
Shell and tube heat exchangers are commonly used in various industries. They work by transferring heat between two fluids flowing through the shell side and tube side. Key components include the shell, tubes, tubesheet, baffles, and connections. Design considerations include materials selection, codes and standards compliance, strength calculations for pressure components, and hydrostatic testing. Detailed drawings are required to communicate the design to manufacturers.
Assessing the design effect of pressure vessel height and radius on reactor s...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the design of nuclear reactor pressure vessels. It assesses how varying the height and radius of the pressure vessel affects reactor stability and safety. The results of statistical analysis show that a pressure vessel with a height up to 16m and radius up to 5.6m promises stability, with the temperature reaching a maximum at that point. The safety margin prediction of 3.1% validated for typical pressure vessel models is an advantage over the current 5.1% challenging safety margin limit faced by plant engineers. The document also discusses pressure vessel materials, shapes, stresses, thermal expansion effects, and other factors related to pressure vessel and reactor design.
Industrial Spherical pressure vessel design & analysis using FEAijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
This document discusses the structural analysis and design of spherical pressure vessels using finite element analysis. It analyzes both solid walled and multi-layered pressure vessel models under different pressures. The multi-layered vessel shows improved stress distribution and reduced weight compared to the solid model. Composite materials are also analyzed as an alternative to steel, showing further reductions in weight and material usage. The analysis and results are intended to identify better pressure vessel designs.
This document provides an overview of key sections of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for calculating the minimum thickness and maximum allowable working pressure of cylindrical pressure vessel components. It discusses sections I and VIII-1, describing the materials and design requirements, as well as the formulas in Section I for piping, tubes, drums, and headers under internal pressure. The formulas calculate minimum thickness or maximum allowable working pressure based on factors like diameter, pressure, stress, and temperature.
Similar to office final ppt [7760835] final update (20)
4. What is pressure vessel ?
4
A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gasses or
liquids at a pressure substantially different from the
ambient pressure at some temperature.
Pressure vessels are used in many industries (e.g refinery
plants,chemical plants, steam boilers etc.). The mechanical
design of any pressure vessels is done in accordance with
the requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code, Section VIII. Section VIII is divided into Division-1
& Division-2 . This course provides an overview of
pressure vessel mechanical design requirements.
5. Difference between DIV-1 & DIV-2
5
DIVISION 1 utilizes safety of factor 4. DIVISION 2 uses safety of factor 3.
DIVISION 1 rules are formulated on
the principle stress theory.
DIVISION 2 rules are formulated on
maximum shear theory.
DIVISION 1 rules ignores all
bending's effects,fatigue etc.
DIVISION 2 rules take into account all
of bending effects,fatigue etc.
6. Pressure vessel are classified into two types :-
(i) Horizontal type pressure vessel
(ii) Vertical type pressure Vessel
6
7. 7
RECEIPT OF PDS
FROM PROCESS
MECH. DESIGN USING
PV-Elite SOFTWARE
PREPARATION OF
MECHANICAL DATA
SHEET(MDS)
IDC-
MDS-IDC(INTER
DISCIPLINARY CHECK)
PREPARATION OF
MATERIAL REQUISITION
SPECIFICATION
OFFER
EVALUATION
TBE(TECHNICAL
BID EVALUATION)
LOI
VDR(VENDOR
DOCUMENT
REVIEW)&
APPROVAL
Flowchart
PLACEMENT OF
ORDER
PERPARATION OF
PURCHASE
REQUISITION
8. ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN STATIC
DEPARTMENT
8
The Mechanical Static group deals with designing of static equipment and
related packages for Oil & Gas, Refinery industries etc.
The following are the activities being performed in static group :
1.Preparation of Mechanical Data sheet.
2.Inquiry requisition that includes scope of work,supply,space requirement etc.
3.Evaluation of Vendor quotation that includes review of vendors offers.
4. Preparation of technical Bid Evaluation is comparison statement of all offers
from all vendors
5. Placement of letter of intent.
6.Preparation of purchase requisition
7.Attend Vendor Kick-off meeting
8.Review & approval of Vendor documents
9.Interaction with other disciplines
10.Factory and site performance acceptance testing
9. STATIC EQUIPMENTS
9
Major static equipment's and packages are:
1) Pressure Vessels
2) Columns
3) Tanks
4) Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
5) Air Cooled Heat Exchanger
6) Electric Heaters
7) Flares
8) Fired Heaters
9) Filters / Ejectors
10) Reactors
10. GENERAL TERMS
10
1) Design Pressure: Pressure used in vessel component for the most sever
condition. It determines the minimum required thickness of each vessel
component.
2) Design Temperature: Temperature that corresponds to the design pressure.
3) MAWP: It is maximum permissible pressure at top of pressure in its
normal operating position at specific temperature,usually design
temperature. It is maximum allowable working pressure in hot & corroded
condition.
4) MDMT: It is the lowest temperature at which the component is designed to
have adequate fracture toughness.
5) MAP: It refers to maximum permissible pressure based on weakest part of
new uncorroded & cold conditions and all other loadings are not taken in
consideration.
11. GENERAL TERMS
11
5) Weight Of Vessel: Following type of loads to be considered
- Fabricated Weight : Weight of the vessel without any external insulation,
fireproofing, operating contents, or any external structural attachments or
piping.
- Erection weight : fabrication weight + internals + ladder platforms +
insulation + fireproofing.
- Operating weight : erection weight + operating liquid.
- Shop Test weight: fabrication weight + test liquid
- Wind Load and Seismic Load: These loads will induce deflection in the
vessels.
12. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
12
As per ASME SEC VIII Div. 1, pressure vessels are containers for the
containment of pressure, either internal or external. This pressure may be
obtained from an external source, or by the application of heat from a direct
or indirect source, or any combination thereof.
1) SHELL
Primary component that contains the pressure and available in different
shapes
- Cylindrical: Most common configuration.
- Spherical: For containing large volumes under moderate pressure
- Conical: Conical shells are used to connect shells of different diameters
13. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
13
2) HEAD
Heads are closures for shells of pressure vessel. Various types of heads are:
Ellipsoidal Head: Most commonly types of heads used with thickness generally equal to that
of shell
15. 15
Torispherical Head: It is flatter than the ellipsoidal head. Minimum permitted
knuckle radius= 6% of max inside Crown Radius. Maximum inside Crown radius
equals the outside diameter of head.
16. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
16
3) NOZZLES
Nozzle is a component that penetrates the Shell or Head of the Vessel. The
ends of the nozzles are usually flanged to allow easy disassembly and for
necessary connection.
Types
- Long Weld Neck: Made out of forging , these nozzles have flange integral
to nozzle neck
17. 17
Hub Type Self Reinforced: As its name indicates these
nozzle have area required for reinforcement and made in
two piece. It has hub integral to neck and made in single
piece.
18. 18
Weld Neck Nozzle: As the name indicates, it has flange
welded to the nozzle neck It can be made with both pipe and
plate with or without RF pad.
19. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
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5) SUPPORTS
The type of vessel support generally depends on the size and orientation of
vessel. Supports must be adequate to resist wind and seismic loads.
- Saddle Support: Horizontal pressure vessel is supported by saddle.
21. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
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Leg Support: Small vertical vessels are supported by legs. Max ratio of leg
length to vessel diameter is 2: 1. No of legs determined by size of the vessel.
22. MATERIAL SELECTION
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The type of material used in construction is greatly influenced by the type of
service
for the Vessel. E.g., Low , High temperature service, Corrosive Service
Carbon Steel: Generally used from -29 deg C to 343 deg C
Low Temp Carbon Steel : Used in temperature range of -45 deg C to -60
deg C
Stainless Steel: Used in temperature range of -80 to -196 deg C
Low Alloy Steel : Used in elevated temperatures above 347 deg C
23. VESSEL FAILURES
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VESSEL FAILURES CAN OCCUR BECAUSE OF THE FOLLOWING
1) Material: Improper material selection, defective material
2) Design: Improper design, Incorrect design method
3) Fabrication: Poor quality control, insufficient fabrication procedures.
4) Service: Change of service condition
24. PRESSURE VESSEL CALCULATION
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1) THICKNESS CALCULATION FOR SHELL UNDER INTERNAL
PRESSURE (UG-27) of ASME SECTION VII DIV-1
Where ,
t = Thickness under internal pressure excluding corrosion allowance
P = Internal pressure including static head if any.
S = Allowable stress of material
E = Joint Efficiency, 0.85 for Spot / 1.0 for Full Radiography
25. PRESSURE VESSEL CALCULATION
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THICKNESS CALCULATION FOR SPHERE / HEMI-HEAD UNDER
INTERNAL PRESSURE (UG-27) of ASME SECTION VII DIV-1
Where ,
t = Thickness under internal pressure excluding corrosion allowance
P = Internal pressure including static head if any.
R, D = Internal Radius and Diameter respectively
S = Allowable stress of material
E = Joint Efficiency, 0.85 for Spot / 1.0 for Full Radiography
26. 26
Formulas are valid for :
1) Pressure < 3000 psi
2) Cylindrical shell with t<0.5R and P<0.385SE
3) Spherical shell and hemi-head with t<0.365R and P<0.665SE
27. ASME SECTION VIII DIV.1 - (PVElite-2013 Design)
Horizontal vessel 3D
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