Lesson 5 (Joints).pptx

The place where two or more bones join
together anatomically is referred to as an
articulation.
The terms joint and articulation are
interchangeable.
Tying bones together at articulations are
structures of dense, fibrous connective
tissue known as ligaments.

A ligament is a cord, band, or sheet of
strong, fibrous connective tissue that
unites the articular ends of bones, ties
them together and facilitates or limits
movements between the bones.
Tendon is a connective tissue attaching
muscle to bone. When muscle contracts to
move a joint, it is the tendon which pulls
in the bone.

Diarthrodial (synovial) - are
distinguished by having a separation
of the bones and the presence of a
joint cavity where greatest amount of
movement occurs.
Functional
Classification

Synarthrodial - have no separation or
joint cavity that provide protection
for internal organs.
Functional
Classification

Amphiarthrodial – unites the body of
adjacent bones such as of the
vertebrae and hip bones that provide
limited mobility.
Functional
Classification

The synovial joints are characterized
by a space between the articulating
surfaces. , a synovial membrane
lining the joint secretes synovial
fluid for lubrication and provides
nutrients to joint structure. Synovial
joints have what is known as a joint
(articular) capsule.
Diathrodial

Hinge joint has one concave surface, with
the other surface looking like a spool of
thread.
Diathrodial

Ball-and-socket type of joint consists of
the rounded head of one bone fitting into
the cuplike cavity of another bone.
Diathrodial

Irregular joint (plane or gliding) consist of
irregularly shaped surfaces that are
typically either flat or slightly rounded.
Diathrodial

Condyloid joint (ellipsoid) consist of one
convex surface fitting into a concave
surface.
Diathrodial

Saddle joint is often considered a
modification of the condyloid joint. Both
bones have a surface that is convex in one
direction and concave in the opposite
direction, like a saddle.
Diathrodial

Pivot joint one bone rotates about the
other bone. The radius bone (of the
forearm) rotating on the humerus (upper-
arm bone) is an example of a pivot joint.
Diathrodial

Caterories of synovial joints (type of
movement they permit in planes and about
axes):
Nonaxial - joints between bones that allow
only a gliding type of movement over each
other.
Uniaxial (monoaxial)- permit movement in
only one plane about one axis such as the
elbow joint.
Diathrodial

Biaxial - permits movements in two
planes, about two axes such as the wrist.
Multiaxial (triaxial) -allows movement in
three planes, about three axes, illustrated
by the movements of the shoulder joint
and the hip joint, which are both ball-and-
socket joints.
Diathrodial

subdivisions :
Sutured - has no detectable
movement and appears to be
sewn (sutured) together like a
seam in clothing. The bones of
the skull are the classic examples
of sutured joints. Because there is
no movement in these joints
Synarthrodial

Cartilaginous - allow some
movement, but cartilaginous
joints other than those spinal
column do not play a major role
in movement. The cartilaginous
joint contains fibrocartilage that
deforms to allow movement
between the bones and also acts
as a shock absorber between
them.
Synarthrodial

Ligamentous - tie together bones
where there is very limited or no
movement. The joints between
two structures of the same bone
and between the shafts of the
forearm and lower-leg bones are
examples of the ligamentous
form of a synarthrodial joint.
Synarthrodial

Lesson 5 (Joints).pptx

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