This document summarizes a study on the effects of different lateral load resisting systems (shear walls and bracing) at variable heights (15m, 30m, 45m, 60m, 75m) in high seismic zone V for all soil types. Finite element software was used to model multi-story buildings with a square plan of 20m x 20m and 5m bays. Response spectrum analysis was conducted according to Indian codes to determine seismic parameters like base shear, lateral displacements, and drifts. The objectives were to compare these parameters for bare frames and frames with shear walls or bracing at different heights in order to evaluate their effectiveness in resisting earthquake effects.
The technologies of building resists the wind load and earthquakeSmee Kaem Chann
The Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong uses several technologies to resist strong winds and earthquakes. It has a caisson foundation of concrete columns built inside steel cylinders that are excavated into the ground. This carries the building's weight down to bedrock. The structure is supported by five steel columns - four at the corners and one in the center. Cross braces and a triangular framework transfer loads onto these columns and reduce steel usage by 30% compared to a typical design. Diagonal bracing, base isolation systems, and passive damping techniques also help minimize damage from earthquakes.
Use of flat slabs in multi storey commercial building situated in high seismi...eSAT Publishing House
This document discusses a study that compares the behavior of multi-storey commercial buildings with flat slab construction and conventional reinforced concrete frame construction. Six building models are analyzed: conventional RC frame and flat slab buildings with heights of 4, 9, and 13 stories. The models are analyzed using ETABS software to study parameters like lateral displacement, storey drift, storey shear, column moments and axial forces, and time period under different load conditions. The analysis is done for Seismic Zone IV. The study aims to better understand the seismic behavior of flat slab buildings and identify design improvements needed for their performance in high seismic zones.
Diagrid Systems : Future of Tall buildings, Technical Paper by Jagmohan Garg ...Jagmohan Garg
The document discusses the DiaGrid structural system for tall buildings. A DiaGrid system uses a design of triangulated steel beams and horizontal support rings to construct large buildings. It creates a structural system of triangles that provides stability and resistance to lateral loads. Some key benefits of the DiaGrid system include column-free interior spaces, resistance to overturning forces, simpler construction, and better load redistribution compared to braced frame structures. While effective for buildings up to 70 stories, the DiaGrid system involves complicated joint connections.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Usage of Outrigger and B-ELT Truss System for Hig...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of the usage of outrigger and belt truss systems for high-rise concrete buildings. It analyzes a 85-story, 259 meter tall building modelled in ETAB 2016. The building is strengthened laterally by providing outrigger and belt truss systems every 9-10 stories. Two analysis methods are used: linear static analysis and linear dynamic analysis for seismic and wind loads. Parameters like lateral displacement, maximum story drift, story shear forces, story moments, and story overturning moments are considered to better understand the building's behavior under large seismic and wind forces. Results show that the outrigger and belt truss system effectively controls excessive drift and minimizes risk of damage from lateral loads.
OPTIMAL DIAGRID ANGLE TO MINIMIZE DRIFT IN HIGH-RISE STEEL BUILDINGS SUBJECTE...IAEME Publication
Nowadays, tending to use super high-rise steel buildings has increased the need for finding efficient and economical lateral load resisting systems. The diagrid structural system is widely used for medium- and super-high-rise buildings due to its structural efficiency. The aim of this study was to find the optimal diagrid angle to minimize the lateral drift in high-rise building. Five different diagrid angle configurations (27o, 45o, 56o, 72o, and 81o) have been considered for 24, 48 and 72-storey steel buildings. The results were tabulated by performing finite element analysis using ETABS version 15 in the form of lateral displacement and storey drift. It is shown that the optimal diagrid angle is smaller than 56o for 24-storey model, and between (56o- 72o) for 48-storey model, and 72o for 72-storey model.
Analysis of rc frame with and without masonry infill wall with different stif...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the structural design considerations for tall buildings. It discusses how mankind has sought to build taller structures throughout history as symbols of power. For tall buildings, lateral loads from wind and earthquakes must be effectively resisted to prevent shear failure, overturning, or excessive deflection. Various lateral load resisting systems are explored, including moment frames, braced frames, tube structures, and outrigger systems. Rigidity indices are used to compare the bending and shear resistance of different structural configurations. The challenges of seismic design are also addressed. The document reviews previous research on improving the performance of reinforced concrete frames through the addition of bracing or shear walls.
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”ankialok
The opinion that designing new buildings to be Earthquake resistant will cause substantial additional costs is still among the constructional professionals. In a country of moderate seismicity adequate seismic resistance of new buildings may be achieved at no or no significant additional cost however the expenditure needed to ensure adequate seismic resistance may depend strongly on the approach selected during the conceptual design phase and the relevant design method.
This document discusses various lateral load resisting systems for tall concrete buildings. It describes:
1) Frame action of column and two-way slab systems, which provide optimal floor space but are flexible.
2) Rigid frame systems that make use of beam and column stiffness for gravity and lateral loads but require deep beams.
3) Rigid frame systems using haunched girders that provide stiffness without increasing floor height.
4) Shear walls that resist shear forces from lateral loads and are commonly used in elevator shafts and stairwells. Coupled shear walls interconnected by beams or slabs have greater composite stiffness.
5) Shear wall and rigid frame interaction systems, which greatly improve lateral rigidity
This document summarizes the results of a study analyzing the ductility of different outrigger typologies for high-rise structures under seismic loading. The study models 25, 30, and 35 story buildings with different outrigger configurations including rigid outriggers, vierendel outriggers, and bracing outriggers. Nonlinear pushover analyses were performed to generate capacity curves and evaluate ductility. The results show that while outriggers increase strength and stiffness, they reduce ductility. Vierendel outriggers have less effect on strength but increase ductility compared to other typologies. Bracing outriggers provide increased strength and stiffness without major changes to ductility. For new structures, outriggers with bracing
Comparison of performance of lateral load resisting systems in multi storey f...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper introduces the comparison between lateral load resisting systems in multi storey building. Multi storey building
composed of very special class of structure and therefore require special treatment. Hence to overcome the effects of seismic
forces, Flat slab system in which slab rests on drop or capital which is connected to column is induced with different load
resisting systems. The combined systems which is used to withstand seismic forces in this study are 1. Flat slab without lateral
load resisting system, 2. Flat slab with shear wall, 3. Flat slab with infill wall, 4. Flat slab with bracings, 5. Flat slab with shear
wall and bracings. ETABS software version is used to accomplish dynamic analysis and also building is investigated for nonlinear
static analysis in order to identify seismic demands. From the obtained results conclusions are drawn.
Keywords: Capital, Bracings, Dynamic, and Treatment etc…
RESPONSE OF LATERAL SYSTEM IN HIGH RISE BUILDING UNDER SEISMIC LOADSIjripublishers Ijri
Tall building development has been rapidly increasing worldwide introducing new challenges that need to be met through
engineering judgment. In modern tall buildings, lateral loads induced by wind or earthquake are often resisted by a
system of coupled shear walls. But when the building increases in height, the stiffness of the structure becomes more
important and introduction of outrigger beams between the shear walls and external columns is often used to provide
sufficient lateral stiffness to the structure. In general, earthquake ground motion can occur anywhere in the world and
the risk associated with tall buildings, especially under severe earthquakes, should be given particular attention, since
tall buildings often accommodate thousands of occupants.
IRJET- A Research on Comparing the Effect of Seismic Waves on Multistoried Bu...IRJET Journal
The document compares the effect of seismic waves on multistoried buildings with and without shear walls and flanged concrete columns. Three 10-story building models are analyzed using STAAD Pro: Model 1 without seismic resisting structures, Model 2 with concentrically located shear walls along the exterior, and Model 3 with flanged concrete columns along the exterior. Model 2 and 3 experience approximately 10% less lateral force and base shear compared to Model 1. Introducing shear walls or flanged columns improves seismic performance by increasing stiffness and reducing displacements, stresses, and forces in the building. While shear walls provide the greatest stability, flanged columns also enhance seismic resistance and may be more economical for some applications.
The document discusses the philosophy of seismic design of building structures. It explains that seismic design aims to allow some damage to occur in major earthquakes to avoid collapse, by designing structures to yield in specific zones. This dissipates energy through hysteretic damping. Structures are designed to remain elastic in minor quakes and have minimal damage in moderate quakes. Common lateral force resisting systems for reinforced concrete buildings are then described, including moment frames, shear walls, dual frames+walls, braced frames, trussed frames, and tube frames.
This document analyzes the performance of different diagrid structural systems for a 70-story building with varying diagrid angles (45, 55, 66, 70 degrees). Four building models are created and analyzed using ETABS software. The results show that diagrid angles between 66-70 degrees provide greater structural stiffness, with less displacement at the top story and smaller story drifts. The optimal diagrid angle is determined to be 66 degrees, as it balances stiffness and interior space planning flexibility. The analysis contributes to understanding the behavior of diagrid structures for tall buildings.
The document discusses the role of conceptual design in high-rise building projects. It states that conceptual design is the most difficult phase where an initial structure is devised, and the decisions made here greatly impact the entire project's performance and cost-effectiveness. The success of the final design depends on the conceptual design. Various structural systems suited for high-rise buildings are described, including interior systems like braced frames and shear walls, and exterior systems like tubular, diagrid, and outrigger structures. Key factors to consider in the conceptual design are achieving strength, stiffness, serviceability, and space efficiency through an appropriate choice of structural system.
IRJET- A Review of Seismic Analysis of Shear Wall Optimization for Multi-...IRJET Journal
This document reviews seismic analysis of shear wall optimization in multi-storey buildings. It discusses different positions of shear walls, including at the middle, corners, and center of structures. Studies show shear walls improve structural performance under seismic loads by increasing stiffness and strength. Placing shear walls at the corners provides the highest reliability by minimizing drift, while a central location increases base shear and period. Properly designed and detailed shear walls improve earthquake resistance and are widely used in seismic regions.
Design of industrial storage shed and analysis of stresses produced on failur...IAEME Publication
This document describes the design and analysis of an industrial storage shed in India. It provides details on:
1) The design of the shed using StaadPro software to model the structure according to Indian codes for dead, live and wind loads.
2) The analysis of member stresses when a connecting joint between two roof girders fails, showing increased stresses in adjacent members.
3) The loads considered in the design including self-weight, dust accumulation, roofing sheets, wind loads, roof live loads and crane loads.
4) The results of the analysis showing member forces and stresses, with one member exceeding its capacity due to the failed joint.
Study of Strength of RC Shear Wall at Different Location on Multi-Storied Res...IJERA Editor
This document analyzes the strength of reinforced concrete shear walls at different locations in a multi-story residential building. It describes analyzing a 6-story building model in Hyderabad, India using ETABS software. Four models are considered: without shear walls, with L-shaped shear walls, with perimeter shear walls, and with cross-shaped shear walls. Analysis results show that perimeter shear walls most reduced maximum deflection and drift compared to other models. Shear forces in beams were highest for the perimeter wall model at the ground level and decreased with height. Bending moments in beams were highest for the perimeter wall model at the top level.
IRJET- Post Peak Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames with and without in F...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the effect of masonry infill panels, cross bracing, and viscous dampers on the seismic response of reinforced concrete frames. It analyzes a 7-story reinforced concrete building model with and without these elements using nonlinear static analysis. The addition of masonry infill walls, cross bracing, and viscous dampers reduces storey displacements and drift compared to the bare frame model. The equivalent strut method is used to model the infill walls, and cross bracing is modeled using diagonal steel braces. Viscous dampers absorb seismic energy to damp the motion of the building. Nonlinear static pushover analysis is performed using ETABS and SAP2000 software.
Retaining walls are used to retain earth in a vertical position where there is an abrupt change in ground level. There are several types of retaining walls including gravity, cantilever, counterfort, and buttress walls. Cantilever walls are the most common type for heights up to 8 meters. They consist of a vertical stem and base slab that behave like one-way cantilevers. Counterfort walls include transverse supports called counterforts to reduce bending moments in the stem and slabs. Proper design of the stem, heel slab, toe slab, and foundation depth is required to resist overturning, sliding, soil pressure, and bending failure.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Modeling of laminar flow tubular reactor using velocity profileeSAT Publishing House
This document describes a new model for modeling laminar flow tubular reactors (LFTRs) without using residence time distribution (RTD) data. The model divides the reactor into 3D grid cells that each act as continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) in series. The velocity profile within the LFTR is used to calculate flow rates and residence times for each cell. Conversion is then determined for each cell assuming ideal CSTR behavior. The model was tested on LFTRs and showed good agreement with established analytical methods without requiring computationally intensive simulations. The number of grid cells was optimized to balance accuracy and processing time.
Analysis of image steganalysis techniques to defend against statistical attac...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes various techniques for image steganalysis to defend against statistical attacks. It discusses how statistical properties of images can be used to detect hidden messages and describes common steganography algorithms like LSB substitution and techniques for JPEG images. It also outlines approaches for statistical embedding and detection to introduce randomness and maintain statistical distributions when hiding information in digital images.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Deflection control in rcc beams by using mild steel strips (an experimental i...eSAT Publishing House
1) The document discusses an experimental investigation into using mild steel strips as a composite material with traditional reinforced concrete beams to help control deflection.
2) Three types of beams were tested - a control RCC beam, and two beams with mild steel strips embedded vertically along the sides in different configurations to increase stiffness.
3) Preliminary results found that deflection was reduced by about 30% and strength increased by about 25% in the composite beams compared to the control beam.
This document discusses using the ID3 decision tree algorithm to evaluate research scholars based on feedback from their guides/advisors. It begins by describing the problem and how a dataset is formed using attributes about scholars and feedback from guides. It then provides an overview of the ID3 algorithm and how it works. The document applies the ID3 algorithm to the scholar evaluation dataset to construct a decision tree, which can then be used to determine a guide's overall view of a scholar based on their attribute values. The tree can also provide scholars with guidelines on areas to improve to achieve a better evaluation.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document presents the dynamic modeling of a zeta converter using state-space averaging technique. It describes developing state-space models for the two switching states of the converter and averaging them to obtain an overall state-space model. The converter is modeled with equivalent series resistances on the capacitors and inductors. Full-state feedback control is then implemented on the converter model to regulate the output voltage. Simulation results are presented to verify the accuracy of the modeling and performance under input/load disturbances.
Behavior of square footing resting on reinforced sand subjected to incrementa...eSAT Publishing House
This document presents the results of laboratory tests on square footings supported on geogrid-reinforced sand beds. The tests investigated the behavior of footings under incremental loading and unloading conditions for different sand densities and geogrid depth ratios (U/B). Key findings include:
1) Bearing capacity and dynamic soil properties like Cu, Cτ, Cφ, and Cψ increased with higher sand density and U/B up to 0.4.
2) Reinforced sand beds performed better than unreinforced beds, with maximum strength at a U/B of 0.4.
3) Higher sand density led to better footing performance by increasing frictional resistance at the geogrid-
Computational analysis of effect of stacking orientation on low velocity impa...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on the effect of stacking orientation on the low velocity impact behavior of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite laminates using finite element analysis. The study used ABAQUS to model GFRP laminates with different stacking orientations impacted by a rigid sphere. Results showed that maximum contact force increased with increasing difference between orientation angles at equal impact energy. Orientations with higher bending stiffness like [00/750/-750/900]s had higher maximum contact forces. The model can be extended to predict failure modes like delamination using damage criteria.
Microstructure analysis of steel 85 & al 7050 for cold expanded holeseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
On the (pseudo) capacitive performance of jack fruit seed carboneSAT Publishing House
The document summarizes research on using carbon derived from jack fruit seeds (JFSC) as an electrode material for electrochemical capacitors. JFSC was produced by pyrolyzing jack fruit seeds under nitrogen atmosphere without activating agents. Characterization showed the JFSC has a microporous structure and contains nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen functional groups. Electrochemical tests found the JFSC exhibits pseudocapacitive behavior in acid and neutral electrolytes. In sulfuric acid, it achieved a specific capacitance of 316 Fg-1 and retained 93% of its initial capacitance after 500 charge/discharge cycles. The research demonstrates the potential of using an agricultural waste like jack fruit seeds for electrode materials in electro
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Energy efficient ccrvc scheme for secure communications in mobile ad hoc netw...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an energy efficient certificate revocation scheme (EECCRVC) for secure communications in mobile ad hoc networks. The scheme aims to both revoke intruder certificates to exclude them from the network and utilize node energy effectively. It adopts a certificate revocation scheme (CCRVC) that deals with false accusations while outperforming other techniques in revoking intruder certificates. The scheme also enhances reliability and accuracy by promptly vindicating warned nodes based on a threshold mechanism. Experimental results using the NS-2 simulator show that the proposed EECCRVC scheme provides secure communications with effective energy utilization in mobile ad hoc networks.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Grid fabrication of traffic maintenance system clustering at road junctionseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Seismic evaluation of rc frame with brick masonry infill wallseSAT Journals
Abstract
Infill panels are widely used as partition walls as well as external walls of the building to fill the gap between RC frames. Non-structural member may provide considerable stiffness to the building and hence may improve the performance of the RC building during ground motions. But In most of the cases, the ignorance of this property of masonry in designing of the RC frame may get an unsafe design. There are two methods are used to determine the effect of ground motion. The effect of ground motion on RC frame building has been carried out by considering with and without the stiffness of infill wall. A comparative study is carried out with RC building using Equivalent Lateral Force method and Response Spectrum method. The masonry infill has been modeled as an equivalent diagonal strut element using Hendry formula. Pushover analysis is carried out on bare frame and frame with infill wall. The model has been generated using STAAD Pro and results obtained from the analysis are compared in terms of strength and stiffness with bare frame.
Keywords: Seismic evaluation, Response Spectrum, masonry infill, diagonal strut.
IRJET- Study on Shear Wall and Bracing in Irregular Structure and Regular Str...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on providing expansion joints in irregular and regular structures to improve their seismic performance. A 15-storey building model with an irregular L-shaped plan is created in ETABS software. The model is analyzed using response spectrum analysis for seismic zone V. The behavior of the irregular building is compared to regular models with and without expansion joints. The models include bare frames, shear wall frames, and combinations of shear walls and bracing. Responses such as base shear, story drift, displacement, forces and stiffness are compared between the regular and irregular configurations to evaluate the effectiveness of expansion joints.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Optimization of a multistorey building by optimum positioning of shear walleSAT Journals
Abstract The shear wall is a structural element which is used to resist earthquake forces. These wall will consumptives shear forces & will prevent changing location-position of construction & consequently destruction. On other hand, shear wall arrangement must be absolutely accurate, if not, we will find negative effect instead. For example if the shear walls make an increase distance between mass centre and hardness centre, we cannot expect a good tensional behavior from the structure. In case of mass centre and hardness centre coincide with each other, at that time the distance of shear wall from the mass centre also plays an important role in the shear contribution of the shear wall. The bending moment, shear force, torsion, axial force contribution by rest of the structural element and the ultimate design of all the structural components also affected by that. A study has been carried out to determine the optimum Structural configuration of a multistory building by changing the shear wall locations radically. Four different cases of shear wall position for a 10 storey residential building with keeping zero eccentricity between mass centre and hardness centre have been analyzed and designed as a space frame system by computer application software, subjected to lateral and gravity loading in accordance with IS provisions. Keywords: Shear walls, Lateral loading, Zero eccentricity, Stresses, Design configuration.
Advantages of steel fibre reinforced concrete in industrial floorseSAT Journals
Abstract Ground floor slabs are integral to the efficient operation of an industrial facility. A well designed and constructed floor will increase productivity, reduce maintenance of the building and increase the life of the equipment using the floor. Industrial floor slab has common requirements of high strength, toughness, crack control and durability among others. Most of the industrial floors are constructed using the conventional grade slab where reliance is only on the strength of concrete, and reinforcement is used only for crack control and shrinkage. The use of steel fibres in concrete is advantageous over conventional grade slab wherein the residual load carrying capacity of fibres is used and thus, increases the strength and toughness and gives economy in floor thickness apart from saving in construction time. This paper gives an insight into the advantages of steel fibre reinforced concrete in industrial floors. This work is based on structural design experience of the authors in steel fibre reinforced concrete floor slab for industrial projects and in particular the project recently completed for a food and beverage industry. Keywords: aspect ratio, industrial floors, slabs-on-grade, steel fibres, steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC)
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WIND ANALYSIS ON STRUCTURAL SHAPE WITH & WITHOUT SHEAR W...IRJET Journal
This study compares the wind analysis of a 25-story reinforced concrete structure with different shapes (rectangular, square, and C-shape) using ETABS software. Three parameters are compared: story displacement, story drift, and base shear, both with and without shear walls. The rectangular structure performed best in all categories, with lower displacement, drift, and base shear values compared to the square and C-shaped structures. This indicates the rectangular structure provides better stability and resistance to lateral wind loads. Based on the results, a rectangular shape is recommended as the preferred structural shape for high-rise buildings in wind-prone areas.
“Analysis and design of multi storeyed load bearing reinforced masonry struct...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a multi-storey reinforced masonry residential building. It describes calculating loads, designing load-bearing wall elements for axial and eccentric loads, performing lateral load analysis for wind and seismic loads, and designing wall elements for shear. Key steps included distributing lateral loads based on wall stiffness, calculating wind and seismic loads, and determining required shear reinforcement. The design found that a masonry prism strength of 7.5MPa with nominal reinforcement was adequate to resist combined loads on the load-bearing masonry structure.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Seismic Response of Multi-Storied Buildings with Different Vibration Control ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews different passive vibration control techniques used in multi-story buildings to reduce seismic response, including base isolation, shear walls, and tunnel form construction. Base isolation involves installing flexible supports between the building and foundation to increase the natural period of vibration and reduce earthquake forces. Shear walls are reinforced concrete walls that provide stiffness and strength to resist lateral loads. Tunnel form construction involves simultaneously casting thin concrete walls and slabs in a single daily cycle for fast, economical construction of seismically resistant buildings.
A Comparitive study on Regular and Irregular configuration of multistorey bui...IRJET Journal
This document compares the structural analysis results of a 9-storey regular and irregular building modeled in ETABS software. For both buildings, the displacements, drifts, and shear forces are reported at each storey. The results show that the irregular building experiences 10-23% lower displacements, drifts, and shear forces compared to the regular building. This is because irregular configurations result in non-uniform distribution of loads throughout the building. The document concludes that structural behavior depends on the shape and type of building, with irregular structures displaying reduced demands under lateral loads.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the performance of an outrigger structural system in triple towers coupled at their centers. The study modeled a 10-story irregular steel structure located in Bengaluru, India with a 15m cantilever extending from each tower at the 7th floor to support a central hexagonal portion. The structure was analyzed using STAAD.pro software to compare the vertical and horizontal displacements of nodes at the tower ends between the outrigger system and a rigid jointed system of the same design. The results indicate that an outrigger system can effectively control excessive drift from lateral loads like wind and earthquakes, minimizing structural damage risks for high-rise buildings.
Seismic performance study on rc wall buildings from pushover analysiseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Determination of period of vibration of buildings with open stilt floor and s...eSAT Journals
Abstract To estimate the natural period of vibration, codes consign the empirical formula that solely relies on height of the structure. Present dissertation is carried out considering aspects such as building material, type of structure and structural dimensions. The foremost objective of the present systematic study has led to a simplified period-height equation for use in the seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete structures, taking due significance of the existence of stilt floors and shear walls. Current study also highlights the criteria that affects the period of vibration. The period of vibration which has been procured in this study represents the time period of first mode of vibration. This article comprises the seismic response of structures on different types of soil. The parameters considered for the given study are three different types of soil i.e., soft soil, medium soil and hard rock for high seismic zone and different building irregularities as per IS: 1893-2002 for 10, 15, 20 storey buildings. The analytical models for the modulus study are modeled through ETABS.V.9.2. Various parametric studies are carried out to determine the fundamental time period of the structures. These ameliorate formulas to determine the fundamental time period are developed using nonlinear regression analysis through ORIGIN pro software. The generalized equation finally obtained can be used in general form to calculate the time period of structures with open stilt floor and shear walls irrespective of soil types, seismic zone or building height. Keywords- Time period, open stilt floor, Shear walls, Irregularities in buildings, nonlinear regression
Effect of concentric and eccentric type of bracings on performance based seis...eSAT Journals
Abstract When a tall building is subjected to lateral or torsional deflections under the action of seismicloads, the resulting oscillatory movement can induce a wide range of responses in the building’s occupants.[1]As a result, lateral stiffness is a major consideration in the design of tall buildings. Bracing is a highly efficient and economical method of resisting lateral forces in a frame structure. In this present study, the effect of four different types of bracing systems have been studied, for the use in SMRF RC framed building situated in seismic zone IV, in order to provide lateral stiffness and results in terms of storey shears and storey drifts have been presented. Keywords: RC Building, Concentric and Eccentric Bracings, Storey Drift,Storey Shear, Pushover Curves.
Behavior of plan irregularites using composite members by varying column spac...eSAT Journals
Abstract
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Keywords: Composite Column, Irregular Structure, Seismic Zone, Varying Height, Column Spacing.
Behavior of plan irregularites using composite members by varying column spac...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Several studies proofs that the weaker columns has low seismic resistance, for this it is need to make the column stronger. The stronger columns can be obtained by many ways, here in this paper steel-concrete composite columns are considered. Use of composite columns in construction reduces the cross-section of the columns throughout the building and also increases the lateral-load resisting capacity to columns. The models consists of G+10, G+15, G+20 stories of Rectangular, L, T and plus shaped structures in which column spacing are varied as 3m, 4m, 5m and 6m along both directions in all structures. For all models the composite-column of size 450x450mm (ISMB 250) is kept constant, only the beam size has been varied accordingly while modeling a structure. The Response Spectrum analysis is done for all the buildings using ETABS version 15. Study is based on the performance of a multi-story building with plan irregularity under major earthquake forces by considering parameters like displacement, storey shear and drifts. Even though the cross section of the column considered is very small for tall buildings, the structure behaves stiff for severe seismic zone-V and also for different conditions; this is done by introducing steel-concrete composite column in a given building. Hence it is concluded that the use of composite columns in construction resists the lateral forces for many vulnerable conditions.
Keywords: Composite Column, Irregular Structure, Seismic Zone, Varying Height, Column Spacing.
Comparative Study of Seismic Analysis of RC Frame Structure with and without ...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the seismic analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures with and without belt truss and outrigger truss systems. It summarizes several studies that have found these truss systems improve the seismic performance of RC frame buildings by increasing lateral stiffness, decreasing inter-story drift, and improving energy dissipation. Specifically, belt trusses and outriggers help distribute horizontal forces more evenly throughout the structure. While both systems enhance earthquake resistance, the selection of which to use depends on the project objectives, site conditions, and design limitations. Overall, the integration of belt trusses and outriggers substantially improves the seismic resistance and stability of RC frame buildings.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF SHEAR-WALL IN CASE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING ...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes and optimizes the design of shear walls in a high-rise building using ETABS software. It discusses modeling a 10-story building in ETABS with and without shear walls, and making design adjustments to the shear wall configuration. Results for story displacement and drift are compared between the models. The optimized model with design adjustments to the shear wall configuration showed reductions in story displacement and drift compared to the initial model without shear walls.
Dynamic analysis of steel tube structure with bracing systemseSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays, competition towards rise of tall steel structures made certain factors are compulsory like serviceability and comfort of human relating to lateral loads caused by wind or earthquake. Earthquake is dangerous to the living beings in terms of its effects on manmade structures. Structures like tall buildings are built to resist gravity loads. However many tall buildings are not so resistant in lateral loads due to earthquake so need an improvement in resisting lateral loads. So there are many structural systems which resist lateral loads by varying orientation, addition of different structural systems. Like steel tubular structural system is considered and compared for their results against lateral forces and also by providing mega bracing system and diagrid bracing system. In this dissertation work, four structural systems are considered in which one is framed structure and rest are tubular system with addition of different bracing systems as mega bracing and diagrid bracing system. For the purpose 45 storey steel structure with rectangular plan of dimension 44mx24m uniform throughout the height is considered and analyzed for gravity and lateral loads using ETABS software. Its intention is to obtain the functioning characteristics like displacements, storey shear, time period, frequency, peak displacement and peak acceleration in both x and y direction to get most economical structure in all ways. Results shows that the steel tubular structure with mega bracing system performance is much better than the framed structure, tubular and tubular structure with diagrid bracing system. Keywords: Steel Tube Structure, Mega Bracing, Diagrid Bracing, Dynamic Analysis, ETABS, Time and History Analysis.
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Study of lateral load resisting systems of variable heights in all soil types of high seismic zone
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 109
STUDY OF LATERAL LOAD RESISTING SYSTEMS OF VARIABLE
HEIGHTS IN ALL SOIL TYPES OF HIGH SEISMIC ZONE
Abhijeet Baikerikar1
, Kanchan Kanagali2
1
Post Graduate Student in Structural Engineering, Dept of Civil Engineering, Gogte Institute of Technology Belgaum,
Karnataka, India
2
Assistant Professor, Dept of Civil Engineering, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
Abstract
From the ancient time we know earthquake is a disaster causing event. Recent days structures are becoming more and more
slender and more susceptible to sway and hence dangerous in the earthquake. Researchers and engineers have worked out in the
past to make the structures as earthquake resistant. After many practical studies it has shown that use of lateral load resisting
systems in the building configuration has tremendously improved the performance of the structure in earthquake. In present
research we have used square grid of 20m in each direction of 5m bay in each direction, software used is ETABS 9.7.0, the work
has been carried out for the different cases using shear wall and bracings for the different heights, maximum height considered
for the present study is 75m. The modeling is done to examine the effect of different cases along with different heights on seismic
parameters like base shear, lateral displacements and lateral drifts. The study has been carried out for the Zone V and all types of
soils as specified in IS 1893-2002.
Keywords: Bare Frame, Bracings, Shear Walls, Lateral Load Resisting Systems, Response Spectrum Method, Lateral
Displacements, Drifts, Time Period, Base Shear, Seismic Zone, Soft soil
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Today’s tall buildings are becoming more and more slender,
leading to the possibility of more sway in comparison with
earlier high-rise buildings. This has brought more challenges
for the engineers to cater both gravity loads as well as lateral
loads, earlier buildings were designed for the gravity loads
but now because of height and seismic zone the engineers
has take care of lateral loads due to earthquake and wind
forces. Seismic zone plays an important role in the
earthquake resistant design of building structures because
the zone factor changes as the seismic intensity changes
from low to very severe. Another important aspect in the
design of earthquake resistant structures is soil type, as the
soil type changes the whole behaviour and design of the
structure changes. So to cater all the lateral forces, we have
to design the structure very uniquely so that the structure
can withstand for the maximum time period so that there is
no harm to the society.
2. STRUCTURAL FORM
From the structural engineer’s point of view, the
determination of the structural form of a high rise building
would ideally involve only the selection and arrangement of
the major structural elements to resist more efficiently the
various combinations of gravity and horizontal loading. The
range of factors that has to be taken into account in deciding
the structural form includes the internal planning, the
material and method of construction, external architectural
treatment, the planned location and routing of the service
systems, the nature and magnitude of horizontal loading,
and the height and proportions of the building. The taller
and more slender a building, the more important the
structural factors become, and the more necessary it is to
choose an appropriate structural form. For buildings more
than 10 stories, however the additional material required for
wind resistance increases nonlinearly with height so that for
building with 50 stories and more the selection of an
appropriate structural form may be critical for the economy
and indeed the viability of the building. The building
structure should also posses adequate vertical and lateral
stiffness to limit the deflections. Following are some general
points [7]
a) The building and its superstructure should be
simple, symmetric and regular in plan and elevation
to prevent torsion forces.
b) The building and its superstructure should have
uniform and continuous distribution of mass,
stiffness, strength and ductility to avoid the
overstressing of the structural components.
c) The building should be light and should avoid
unnecessary masses. The larger the mass the larger
are the seismic forces.
d) It is preferable not to have large height to width ratio
to avoid large drift
e) The superstructure should not have long cantilevers
to avoid large deformations.
2.1 Moment Resisting Frame
Moment resistant frame consists of columns and beams. The
lateral stiffness of a moment resisting frame depends on the
bending stiffness of the columns and beams. The advantage
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 110
of moment resisting frame is that it is open rectangular
arrangement which allows freedom of planning and easy
fitting of doors and windows. It is economical only for
buildings up to about 25 stories. Above 25 stories the
relatively high flexibility of the frame calls for
uneconomically large members in order to control the drift
and displacements.
Fig -1: Moment Resisting Frame
2.2 Shear Walls
Continuous concrete vertical wall serve both architecturally
as partitions and structurally to carry gravity and lateral
loads. Their very high in plane stiffness and strength makes
them ideal for tall buildings. In a shear wall structure, such
walls are entirely responsible for the lateral load resistance
of the building. They act as vertical cantilevers in the form
of separate planar walls and as non planar assemblies of
connected walls around elevator, stair and service shafts.
Because they are much stiffer horizontally than rigid frames,
shear wall structures can be economical up to about 35
stories. In contrast to rigid frames, the shear walls solid form
tends to restrict planning where open internal spaces are
required. They are well suited, however to hotels and
residential buildings where the floor by floor repetitive
planning allows the walls to be vertically continuous and
where they serve simultaneously as excellent acoustic and
fire insulators between rooms and apartments. In low to
medium rise structures shear walls are combined with
frames, it is reasonable to assume that shear walls attract all
the lateral loading so that the frame may be designed for
only gravity loading. Shear wall structures have been shown
to perform well in earthquake for which ductility becomes
an important consideration in their design. [8]
Fig -2: Shear Walls
2.3 Bracings
In braced frames the lateral resistance of the structure is
provided by diagonal members that together with the beams
form the web of the vertical truss with the columns acting as
chords. Because the horizontal shear on the building is
resisted by the horizontal components of the axial tensile
and compressive actions in the web members bracing
systems are highly efficient in resisting lateral loads.
Bracing is generally regarded as an exclusive steel system
but nowadays steel bracings are also used in reinforced
concrete frames. The efficiency of bracing in being able to
produce a laterally very stiff structure for a minimum of
additional material makes it an economical structural form
for any height of building, up to the very tallest. An
additional advantage of fully triangulated bracing is that the
beams usually participate only minimally in the lateral
bracing action. A major disadvantage of diagonal bracing is
that it obstructs the internal planning and the location of
windows and doors. For this reason braced bents are usually
incorporated internally along wall and partition lines and
especially around elevator, stair, and service shafts. More
recently external larger scale bracing extending over many
stories and bays has been used to produce not only highly
efficient structures but aesthetically attractive buildings.
Braces are of two types, concentric and eccentric.
Concentric braces connect at the beam column intersection,
where as eccentric braces connect to the beam at some
distance away from the beam column intersection. These
structures with braced frames increase the lateral strength
and also the stiffness of the structural system and hence
reduce the drift.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 111
Fig -3: Bracings
3. STUDY PARAMETERS
a) Type of building: Multi Storied Building.
b) Zone: V
c) Type of soil: Hard, Medium and Soft soils.
d) Plan of the Building: 20mX20m.
e) Each Bay Size: 5m
f) Height of Buildings: 15m, 30m 45m, 60m, 75m.
g) Floor to floor height: 3mts.
h) Beams: 0.3mX0.6m
i) Columns: 0.5mX0.9m (Storey 1 to 10).
0.5mX0.75m (Storey 11 to 20).
0.5mX0.6m (Storey 21 to 25).
j) Slab thickness: 0.125m.
k) Shear Wall thickness: 0.3m.
l) Bracings ISMB 500.
m) Live load: 3.5kN/m2
.
n) Dead load of wall as UDL: 14kN/m
o) Materials: M50 and Fe415.
p) Damping 5%.
q) Seismic analysis: Response Spectrum Method as per
IS: 1893 (Part 1):2002.[9]
4. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
1] Determination of Lateral Displacements, Drifts,
Base Shear, Time Period at variable heights for bare
frame using Response Spectrum Method in zone V
for all types of soils.
2] Determination of Lateral Displacements, Drifts,
Base Shear, Time Period at variable heights for
frame with Shear Wall using Response Spectrum
Method in zone V for all types of soils.
3] Determination of Lateral Displacements, Drifts,
Base Shear, Time Period at variable heights for
frame with Bracings using Response Spectrum
Method in zone V for all types of soils.
4] Comparing the above three frames at variable
heights.
5. CASES OF STUDY
1] Case 1: Bare Frame
2] Case 2: Shear Wall in Middle
3] Case3: Shear Wall at Corners
4] Case 4: Bracings in Middle
5] Case 5: Bracings at Corners
Fig -4: Case 1
Fig -5: Case 2
Fig -6: Case 3
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 112
Fig -7: Case 4 Fig -8: Case 5
6. RESULTS
6.1 Zone V Hard Soil Results
Table -1: Bare Frame Results for Hard Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 1821 0.4113 5.15 0.620
30 1998 0.8538 11.10 0.815
45 1975 1.2990 17.34 0.872
60 1936 1.7703 23.75 0.885
75 1891 2.2544 31.41 0.903
Table -2: Shear Wall in the Middle Results for Hard Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 2011 0.1156 0.42 0.049
30 3878 0.3249 3.56 0.221
45 4053 0.5989 8.37 0.348
60 3842 0.9216 13.31 0.413
75 3787 1.2759 18.60 0.464
Table -3: Shear Wall at the Corners Results for Hard Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 1956 0.1340 0.57 0.068
30 3861 0.3853 5.02 0.312
45 3574 0.7061 10.00 0.417
60 3438 1.0728 15.31 0.498
75 3425 1.4653 21.35 0.533
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 113
Table -4: Bracings in the Middle Results for Hard Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 1926 0.2402 1.77 0.234
30 3090 0.5208 6.94 0.427
45 2791 0.8367 11.27 0.451
60 2773 1.1953 16.37 0.493
75 2727 1.5864 22.27 0.541
Table -5: Bracings at the Corners Results for Hard Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 1898 0.2528 2.02 0.250
30 2793 0.5702 7.55 0.453
45 2570 0.9326 12.75 0.509
60 2565 1.3411 18.70 0.570
75 2468 1.7806 25.15 0.617
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
BASESHEAR(kN)
HEIGHT (m)
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
CASE 5
Fig -9: Height v/s Base Shear
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
DISPLACEMENTS(mm)
HEIGHT (m)
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
CASE 5
Fig -10: Displacement Graph
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 114
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
DRIFT(mm)
HEIGHT (m)
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
CASE 5
Fig -11: Drift Graph
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
TIMEPERIOD(sec)
HEIGHT ( m)
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
CASE 5
Fig -12: Time Period Graph
6.2 Zone V Medium Soil Results
Table -6: Bare Frame Results for Medium Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 1855 0.4113 5.29 0.673
30 2697 0.8538 14.79 1.092
45 2587 1.2990 23.11 1.147
60 2581 1.7703 32.10 1.189
75 2540 2.2544 42.26 1.209
Table -7: Shear Wall in the Middle Results for Medium Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 2011 0.1156 0.42 0.049
30 3878 0.3249 3.56 0.221
45 5355 0.5989 11.66 0.485
60 4861 0.9216 18.01 0.555
75 4616 1.2759 24.94 0.618
Table -8: Shear Wall at the Corners Results for Medium Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 1956 0.1340 0.57 0.068
30 3861 0.3853 5.02 0.312
45 4748 0.7061 13.83 0.573
60 4306 1.0728 20.64 0.640
75 4178 1.4653 28.37 0.707
7. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 115
Table -9: Bracings in the Middle Results for Medium Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 1926 0.2402 1.77 0.234
30 3710 0.5208 8.67 0.533
45 3677 0.8367 15.18 0.608
60 3529 1.1953 22.02 0.656
75 3472 1.5864 29.67 0.702
Table -10: Bracings at the Corners Results for Medium Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 1898 0.2528 2.02 0.250
30 3586 0.5702 10.23 0.613
45 3353 0.9326 17.24 0.686
60 3216 1.3411 24.94 0.757
75 3202 1.7806 33.85 0.828
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
BASESHEAR(kN)
HEIGHT (m)
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
CASE 5
Fig -13: Height v/s Base Shear
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
0
10
20
30
40
DISPLACEMENTS(mm)
HEIGHT (m)
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
CASE 5
Fig -14: Displacement Graph
8. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 116
15 30 45 60 75 90
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
DRIFT(mm)
HEIGHT (m)
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
CASE 5
Fig -15: Drift Graph
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
TIMEPERIOD(sec)
HEIGHT ( m)
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
CASE 5
Fig -16: Time Period Graph
6.3 Zone V Soft Soil Results
Table -11: Bare Frame Results for Soft Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 1856 0.4113 5.28 0.674
30 3236 0.8538 18.20 1.333
45 3127 1.2990 28.30 1.384
60 3048 1.7703 39.25 1.421
75 3081 2.2544 51.20 1.468
Table -12: Shear Wall in the Middle Results for Soft Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 2012 0.1156 0.43 0.048
30 3879 0.3249 3.57 0.222
45 5683 0.5989 12.58 0.518
60 5782 0.9216 22.10 0.678
75 5387 1.2759 29.93 0.752
Table -13: Shear Wall at the Corners Results for Soft Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 1957 0.1340 0.58 0.070
30 3862 0.3853 5.03 0.310
45 5554 0.7061 16.49 0.675
60 5096 1.0728 25.48 0.782
75 4854 1.4653 34.69 0.860
9. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 117
Table -14: Bracings in the Middle Results for Soft Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 1927 0.2402 1.78 0.235
30 3711 0.5208 8.68 0.534
45 4456 0.8367 18.60 0.743
60 4211 1.1953 26.92 0.799
75 4053 1.5864 36.39 0.875
Table -15: Bracings at the Corners Results for Soft Soil
HEIGHT
(m)
BASE SHEAR
(kN)
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
MAX. STOREY
DISPLACEMENTS (mm)
MAX. STOREY
DRIFT (mm)
15 1899 0.2528 2.04 0.251
30 3640 0.5702 10.50 0.630
45 4046 0.9326 21.01 0.840
60 3810 1.3411 29.94 0.920
75 3708 1.7806 40.94 1.004
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
BASESHEAR(m)
HEIGHT (m)
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
CASE 5
Fig -17: Height v/s Base Shear
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
0
10
20
30
40
50
DISPLACEMENTS(mm)
HEIGHT (m)
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
CASE 5
Fig -18: Displacement Graph
10. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 118
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
DRIFT(mm)
HEIGHT (m)
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
CASE 5
Fig -19: Drift Graph
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
TIMEPERIOD(sec)
HEIGHT ( m)
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
CASE 5
Fig -20: Time Period Graph
7. CONCLUSIONS
As the building height increases Lateral
displacements and drift increases.
Compared to all other cases Case 1(Bare Frame)
produces larger lateral displacements and drifts.
Lateral displacements and drift is significantly lower
after inserting shear wall and bracings in the bare
frame.
One of the important conclusions that can be made
from the above study is that as the soil changes from
hard to soft there is massive increase in base shear,
lateral displacements and lateral drifts. Extreme care
should be taken in soft soil.
Time Period increases as the height of the building
increases because mass of the overall building
increases as time period is directly proportional to the
mass.
From the study it is clear that CASE 2 (Shear Wall in
Middle) is performing better and more efficient than
all other cases.
Base Shear is decreased as the time period increases.
Time period is significantly lowered after placing
shear walls and bracings.
SCOPE FOR FURTHUR WORK
The study can be extended for different plan size of
the building.
By locating shear walls at different positions and
comparing the results.
Further study can be done by using different types of
bracings.
REFERENCES
[1] Shaik Kamal Mohammed Azam, Vinod Hosur,
“Seismic Performance Evaluation of Multistoried
RC Framed Buildings with Shear Wall”,
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2013.
[2] C.V.R Murthy, Rupen Goswami,
A.R.Vijaynarayanan, Vipul V. Mehta, “Some
Concepts in Earthquake Behaviour of Buildings”,
Gujrat State Disaster Management Authority,
Government of Gujrat.
[3] Anuj Chandiwala, “Earthquake Analysis of Building
Configuration with Different Position of Shear
Wall”, International Journal of Emerging
Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 2,
Issue12, December 2012.
[4] “Seismic Structural Solutions”, CCANZ Level
6/142 Featherston St PO Box 448, Wellington 6140,
New Zealand.
[5] Yogendra Singh, “Lateral Load Resisting Systems
for Multi-Storey Buildings”
[6] Pankaj Agarwal and Manish Shrikhande,
“Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures” (PHI
Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, India).
[7] Dr. Vinod Hosur, “Earthquake Resistant Design of
Building Structures” (Wiley India Pvt. Ltd, New
Delhi, India).
[8] Bryan Stafford Smith, Alex Coull, “Tall Building
Structures Analysis and Design” (John Wiley and
Sons, Inc).
[9] Is 1893 (Part 1) 2002, “Criteria For Earthquake
Resistant Design of Structures”, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi.
11. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 119
BIOGRAPHIES
Abhijeet Baikerikar, he is currently
pursuing M.Tech in Structural
Engineering from Gogte Institute of
Technology, Belgaum. He has completed
his B.E in Civil Engineering from KLE’s
College of Engineering & Technology,
Belgaum. His research interest includes
Seismic Analysis of Multistory Structures, Structural
Dynamics, RCC & Steel Design of Structures.
Email: abhijeet.baikerikar@yahoo.com
Kanchan B Kanagali, currently working
as an Assistant Professor at Gogte
Institute of Technology, Belgaum. Has
completed her B.E in Civil Engineering
and M.Tech (Structural Engg) from
Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum.
Her research interest includes Seismic
Analysis of multi storey structures and Study of analysis of
Progressive collapse of multi-storey structures.
Email: kkkanagali@git.edu