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Fertilization
- 1. From Egg to Embryo
- 2. Conception: From Egg to Embryo Take a journey with us from the moment a single sperm fertilizes an egg. From tiny egg to growing embryo, follow the incredible process of conception.
- 3. Ovulation Ovulation happens each month when one of a woman's two ovaries releases a mature egg. It happens about two weeks after the first day of her last menstrual period.
- 4. Moving Into the Fallopian Tube After the egg is released from the ovary, it travels into the fallopian tube. It stays there until a single sperm fertilizes it.
- 5. The Sperm's Long Journey A man may ejaculate 40 million to150 million sperm, which start swimming upstream toward the fallopian tubes on their mission to fertilize an egg. Fast-swimming sperm can reach the egg in a half an hour, while others may take days. The sperm can live up to 48-72 hours. Only a few hundred will even come close to the egg, because of the many natural barriers that exist in a woman's body.
- 6. Fertilization: Sperm Penetrates Egg It takes about 24 hours for a sperm cell to fertilize an egg. When the sperm penetrates the egg, the surface of the egg changes so that no other sperm can enter. At the moment of fertilization, the baby's genetic makeup is complete, including whether it's a boy or girl.
- 7. The Cells Start to Divide The fertilized egg starts growing fast, dividing into many cells. It leaves the fallopian tube and enters the uterus three to four days after fertilization. In rare cases, the fertilized egg does not leave the fallopian tube. This is called a tubal pregnancy or ectopic pregnancy and is a danger to the mother.
- 8. Implantation After it gets to the uterus, the fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus, or endometrium. This process is called implantation. The cells keep dividing.
- 9. Pregnancy Hormones Within about a week of conception, a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) can be found in the mother's blood. It is produced by cells that will become the placenta. The hormone will show up on a blood or urine pregnancy test at the doctor's office. But it usually takes three to four weeks for levels of hCG to be high enough to be detected by home pregnancy tests.
- 10. Baby's Development After the egg attaches to the uterus, some cells become the placenta while others become the embryo. The heart begins beating during week five. The brain, spinal cord, heart, and other organs are beginning to form. At the eighth week the developing baby, now called a fetus, is well over a half-inch long -- and growing. A "full term" delivery generally happens around 40 weeks.