8.project qualitymanagement

Project Management
1
Prepared by - Niranjana K R for Alliance
University
Chapter 8: Project Quality Management
Faculty: Niranjana K R
B.E., QA Professional, Six Sigma Black Belt, LA for ISO 9001 and AS 9100 Rev C, Member of PMI & QCFI

Chapter 8: Topics
Introduction to Project Quality Management
8.1 Plan Quality Management – Inputs, Tools and Techniques, Outputs
8.2 Perform Quality Assurance– Inputs, Tools and Techniques, Outputs
8.3 Control Quality– Inputs, Tools and Techniques, Outputs
Refer : Annex A1 – The Standard for Project Management of a Project – P 417 – 461 to understand
interactions between these processes and other knowledge areas.
Prepared by - Niranjana K R 2

8 Project Quality Management (1 of 3)
• Project Quality Management
– Includes the processes and activities of the performing organization that
determine quality policies, objectives, and responsibilities so that the
project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken.
– Uses policies and procedures to implement, within the project’s context,
the organization’s quality management system and, as appropriate, it
supports continuous process improvement activities as undertaken on
behalf of the performing organization.
– Works to ensure that the project requirements, including product
requirements, are met and validated.

• Figure 8-1 provides an overview of the Project Quality
Management Processes, which are:
– Plan Quality Management
– Perform Quality Assurance
– Control Quality
• PQM address the management of the project and the
deliverables of the project. It applies to all projects, regardless
of the nature of their deliverables.

• Quality measures and techniques are specific to the type of deliverables being
produced by the project.
– For example, PQM for SW deliverables may us different approaches and measures from those used
when building a nuclear power plant. In either case, failure to meet the quality requirements can have
serious, negative consequences for any or all of the project’s stakeholders.
• The project manager and the team are responsible for managing the trade-offs
associated with delivering the required levels of both quality and grade.
– Quality is the degree to which the product meets the customer or end-user requirements
– Grade is a category assigned to products that have the same functional use but different technical
characteristics. High grade does not imply high quality.
• The basic approach to project quality management is intended to be compatible with
ISO quality standards.

8.1 Plan Quality Management (1 of 2)

8.1 Plan Quality Management (2 of 2)
• This is the process (Figure 8-3) of identifying quality
requirements and/or standards for the project and its
deliverables, and documenting how the project will
demonstrate compliance with relevant quality requirements
and/or standards.
• Key benefit - it provides guidance and direction on how the
quality will be managed and validated throughout the project.

8.1.2 Plan Quality Management :Tools and Techniques ( 1 of 8)
• Cost-Benefit Analysis – Primary benefits of meeting quality requirements
include less rework, higher productivity, lower costs, increased stakeholder
satisfaction, and increased profitability.
• Cost of Quality (COQ) – Cost of quality includes all costs incurred over the
life of the product by investment in
– preventing non-conformance to requirements,
– appraising the product of service for conformance to requirements, and
– failing to meet requirements (rework).

Cost of Poor Quality

7 Basic Quality Tools
1. Cause-and-effect diagram, also
known as fishbone diagram or
Ishikawa diagram.
2. Flowcharts, also referred to as
process maps, which displays the
sequence of steps and branching
possibilities in the process of
transformation of one or more
inputs into one or more outputs.
3. Check sheets, or checklists are
used to as tally sheets when
gathering process data.

7 Basic Quality Tools (continued from prev. Slide)
4. Pareto Diagrams, used to identify vital few out of trivial many causes that are responsible for
causing most of a problem’s effects.
5. Histogram, are special form of bar chart and are used to describe the central tendency,
dispersion, and shape of a statistical distribution.
6. Control Charts, are used to determine whether or not processes is stable or has predictable
performance. Upper and Lower specification limits are based on requirements of the
agreement, which reflect the max. and min. values allowed.
7. Scatter diagrams, plot ordered pairs (X,Y) and are sometimes called correlation charts because
they seek to explain a change in the dependent variable, Y, in relationship to a change
observed in the corresponding independent variable, X. The direction of correlation may be
proportional ( +ve correlation), inverse (-ve correlation), or a pattern of correlation may not
exist (Zero correlation).

Process Definition Model
Entry
Criteria
eXit
Criteria
V & V definitions
Task definitions
Inputs Outputs

Other very useful Quality tools
1. Benchmarking – Comparing actual or planned project practices to those of comparable
projects to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for
measuring performance.
2. Design of Experiments (DOE) – is a statistical method for identifying which factors may
influence specific variables of a product or process under development or in production.
DOE may be used during the Plan Quality Management process to determine the number
and type of tests and their impact on cost of quality.
3. Statistical Sampling – It involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection (ex-
Drawing, document reviews). Sample frequency and sizes should be determined during the
Plan Quality Management Process so that the cost of quality include the number of tests,
expected scrap, etc.

Additional Quality Planning Tools
1. Brainstorming
2. Force field analysis
3. Nominal group techniques
4. Meetings

8.2 Perform Quality Assurance (1 of 2)

8.2 Perform Quality Assurance (2 of 2)
• This is the process (Figure 8-9) of auditing the quality
requirements and the results from quality control
measurements to ensure that appropriate quality standards
and operational definitions are used.
• Key benefit - it facilitates the improvement of quality
processes.

8.2.2 Perform Quality Assurance :Tools and Techniques
• Here are some useful tools to perform QA:
–Affinity Diagrams
–Process Decision Program Charts (PDPC)
– Interrelationship digraphs
–Tree diagrams
–Prioritization matrices
–Activity Network Diagram
– Matrix Diagrams

8.3 Control Quality (1 of 2)

8.3 Control Quality (2 of 2)
• This is the process (Figure 8-12) of monitoring and recording
results of executing the quality activities to assess performance
and recommend necessary changes.
• Key benefits of this process include:
1. Identifying the case of poor process or product quality and
recommending and/or taking action to eliminate them;
2. Validating that project deliverables and work meet the requirements
specified by key stakeholders necessary for final acceptance.

Practice
• Using MS Project try concepts discussed
during this chapter with reference to cases
assigned.

8.project qualitymanagement

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