This document discusses issues related to managing data across design and facility management organizations. It aims to dispel myths about CAD and GIS data and identify technical and non-technical integration barriers. While data transfer between CAD and GIS formats is technically possible, the primary barriers are related to how the data is organized and used for different purposes throughout the design and facility management lifecycle. The document recommends focusing on common data requirements and developing standards around layering, symbols, geometry, and attributes to better integrate CAD design data into GIS for facility management.
Branford’s 6th Grade CMT Connecticut Index Rank 2006 2010
Branford, Connecticut's 6th grade performance on the Connecticut Mastery Test (CMT) declined from 2006 to 2010 based on its Connecticut Index Rank (CIR). In math, Branford's CIR fell from 55 in 2006 to 85 in 2010, moving from the top 50% of districts to the bottom 50%. Reading scores dropped from a CIR of 44 in 2006 to 78 in 2010, with 34 more districts scoring higher. Writing ranks were excellent in 2007-2008 but dropped to 91 in 2010, in the bottom 50% of districts and below 51 additional districts. Overall, Branford's CMT scores declined over 5 years from excellence to mediocrity or worse, in the bottom 50% of reporting districts.
Finalcad is a mobile platform that uses predictive analysis to help construction teams anticipate and solve issues during projects. It allows teams to access drawings, record observations, and use integrated tools from the construction site. The platform provides centralized monitoring of activities and issues across projects. It has helped save over 250 hours on one residential tower project in London through reduced time spent on site and clearer communication. Finalcad currently has over 100,000 users on more than 10,000 construction projects globally.
FINALCAD's entrepreneurial story, captured by Nicolas Gros (Wild is the Game) from a presentation at Startup Assembly event in Paris, on May 28th 2015.
Geographical Information Systems discusses GIS components, data modelling, and input/preprocessing of spatial data. GIS is an information system designed to work with geographically referenced data. It has four main components - hardware, software, data, and personnel. Data can be represented through vector or raster models and attributes are added to give meaning. Primary data is obtained directly while secondary data requires preprocessing. Data quality and coordinate systems must be considered for integration.
This document discusses CAD standards and assembly modeling. It covers three main approaches to assembly modeling: top-down, bottom-up, and combination. It also describes common mating conditions for assembly such as coincident, coplanar, concentric, and tangent. The purpose of CAD standards for data exchange between systems is explained. Common data exchange formats like IGES and STEP are introduced along with organizational structures to support graphics standards.
Unit 3-ME8691 & COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING
This document discusses various CAD standards including:
1. Graphical standards like GKS and OpenGL that define graphics primitives and device independence.
2. Data exchange standards like IGES and STEP that define neutral formats for transferring geometric and non-geometric CAD data between systems.
3. Communication standards like LAN and WAN that define how CAD data is transferred over networks between systems.
The goals of CAD standards are to enable interoperability and portability of CAD data across different software and hardware platforms. They aim to support the complete transfer of product description data.
This document provides tips for optimizing map services. It discusses organizing data into basemaps and operational layers, and serving maps as cached tiles, dynamic services, or client-side graphics. It recommends pre-computing elements like projections and indexes for better performance. The document also covers authoring templates, mobile maps, and feature services, and using server-side symbology at ArcGIS 10.1.
Data input and editing in GIS involves collecting, digitizing, and correcting geospatial data to build a GIS database. There are two main types of data sources: digital data which may require processing or conversion, and non-digital hardcopy data which must be digitized. Common digitizing methods include on-screen digitizing, scanning, and geocoding of hardcopy maps and plans. Data editing aims to correct locational, topological, and attribute errors introduced during data input. Thorough planning is required to determine the best data collection and input methods based on factors like data format, source, accuracy needs, and project requirements.
The document discusses vector data models in GIS. Vector data models represent geographic features using points, lines, and polygons. The key vector data models are the spaghetti model, which encodes features as strings of coordinates, and the TIN (triangulated irregular network) model, which creates a network of triangles connecting points. Vector models allow for discrete boundaries but complex algorithms, while raster models divide space into a grid but are simpler.
The document discusses vector data models in GIS. Vector data models represent geographic features using points, lines, and polygons. The two main types of vector data models are the spaghetti model and the TIN (triangulated irregular network) model. The spaghetti model stores vector data as strings of coordinate pairs without any topological relationships, while the TIN model creates a network of triangles to store topological relationships between features. Vector data models are useful for storing data with discrete boundaries but are more complex for analysis compared to raster data models.
2017 GIS in Education Track: Sharing Historical Maps and Atlases in Web Apps
This document discusses sharing historical maps and atlases through interactive web applications. It outlines a workflow for digitizing map collections that includes scanning maps, georeferencing them, creating mosaic datasets and image services, and developing a web app for users to view, compare and download maps. The goal is to provide rich online access to collections while archiving physical maps. Recommendations cover project planning, metadata, quality scanning, precise georeferencing, and sharing resources to enable others to digitize their own map archives.
The document discusses geodata management in ArcGIS. It covers geospatial data types including vector and raster data, as well as how data is structured in a GIS. It then discusses various data management topics in ArcGIS including organizing data, using geodatabases and feature datasets to manage data, and maintaining data integrity through techniques like subtypes and domains. Finally, it discusses data management and visualization tools in ArcGIS Pro for working with data.
The document discusses CAD data exchange formats. It describes the problems with proprietary CAD file formats and the need for standardized exchange formats. It provides an overview of several important exchange formats, including IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification) and STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data). IGES was an early standard but had reliability issues. STEP aims to model more product information beyond just geometry and has become the emerging international standard, though adoption is still increasing. Other relevant standards discussed include DXF, STL, and SAT.
The document discusses various methods for collecting and inputting data into a GIS system. There are primary and secondary data sources, with primary data collected directly through field surveys and remote sensing, and secondary data obtained from existing maps and tables. Data can be input through keyboard entry of attributes, manual or automatic digitization of spatial features from paper maps, or scanning of maps. Methods like COGO use survey measurements of distances and bearings for data input. Proper metadata is also needed to understand the data being input into the GIS.
The document discusses data collection and input methods in GIS. It covers obtaining data from primary sources like surveys and secondary sources like existing maps. Methods of inputting data include keyboard entry, manual digitization of maps, scanning, and COGO (coordinate geometry) entry of surveying measurements. Several types of sampling for primary data collection are also outlined like random, systematic, and stratified sampling. Issues with data accuracy and metadata are also addressed.
This document discusses various CAD standards including:
1. Graphic standards like GKS and OpenGL that allow for portability of geometric models between hardware and software.
2. Data exchange standards like IGES and STEP that define neutral formats for transferring CAD data between different systems.
3. Communication standards like LANs and WANs that enable the transfer of CAD data between networked computer systems.
The standards aim to facilitate interoperability for CAD/CAM data by providing common languages and specifications for graphics, file formats, and network communication.
This document provides an overview of a workshop on using HEC-GeoRAS to link GIS and hydraulic modeling software. The workshop is aimed at engineers, GIS professionals, and planners. It introduces HEC-GeoRAS and HEC-RAS software, the process of generating spatial data in HEC-GeoRAS from GIS layers, importing it into HEC-RAS, and exporting modeling results for mapping floodplains in GIS. Key topics covered include developing stream centerlines, cross sections, flow paths, and other data layers in GIS, validating data, running hydraulic models in HEC-RAS, and mapping inundation polygons with HEC-GeoRAS.
This document discusses editing and quality control procedures for geographic data. It describes common data errors like locational, topological, and attribute errors. It also outlines quality parameters to evaluate data such as completeness, validity, logical consistency, and accuracy. Finally, it discusses quality control procedures including visual quality checking, edge matching, conflict resolution, and automated validation.
The document provides an introduction to the ArcGIS Pipeline Data Model (APDM), which is a standardized data model for storing pipeline geospatial data. It describes the core components of a geographic information system (GIS) and how the APDM implements these components using ESRI's geodatabase tools. This includes discussions of feature classes, object classes, attributes, relationships, and how the pipeline data is structured and related within the APDM schema.
Geographic Information System for Egyptian Railway System(GIS)
This document provides an overview of geographic information systems (GIS). It defines GIS as a system for capturing, storing, analyzing and presenting spatial data linked to locations. Key points include:
- GIS merges cartography and database technology to store and link map features to attribute data.
- The main components are a database for storing attribute and spatial data, tools for managing and analyzing spatial relationships, and functions for producing maps.
- GIS allows for integration of diverse spatial datasets, visualization, querying, overlay analysis and other functionality to support decision-making.
- Popular GIS software includes ArcGIS, ArcView and AutoCAD Map.
GIS is a computer-based information system used to capture, manage, update, analyze, display, and output spatial data and information to be used in a decision making context. It integrates hardware, software, data, people, and allows for the visualization and analysis of data with a geographic component. Some key applications of GIS include emergency response, transportation planning, site selection, and natural resource management.
Using GIS as a maintenance management tool - APWA AZ
From a presentation at APWA - I used AutoCAD Map 3D to demonstrate various principles - they don't come across in the PDF. Maybe I'll post a video, or maybe video supplements.
In the actual presentation, I had a longer intro illustrating the value of place. I dropped the slides from this version as they would have no value without the talking. Again, maybe I'll make a video of that. I thought it came out well.
The document discusses harnessing the integrated power of AutoCAD Map 3D and ESRI software through Autodesk's interoperability tools. It introduces Richard Chappell, a geospatial application engineer, and outlines the objective to clarify the CAD to GIS discussion and understand Autodesk's interoperability solutions. The agenda includes identifying issues with CAD and GIS integration, reviewing the technologies, examining solutions, and practicing the solutions.
A description of some of the water and storm modeling tools in Civil 3D. This was a specialized presentation, so the slide background was scrubbed out and a standard design used in its place.
An overview of the AutoCAD Map 3D tools that are built into AutoCAD Civil 3D. This was a specialized presentation, so the slide background was scrubbed out and a standard design used in its place.
This document discusses how to use AutoCAD Map for spatial analysis and multi-user editing of geospatial data. It covers topics like working with vector and raster data, creating and managing feature attributes both internal and linked to external databases, performing common spatial analysis techniques like buffers, overlays, networks and more. Live demos are provided to illustrate working with topologies, joins, calculations and multi-step spatial analysis workflows in AutoCAD Map.
My Autodesk University 2009 presentation. It was about aligning the Data Model to the business and the capabilities of AutoCAD Map for utility modeling
Autodesk uses Feature Data Objects (or FDO) technology to manage live data connections to geospatial data, eliminating the need to import or export data. It allows AutoCAD Map to combine the analysis benefits of GIS software with the flexibility of CAD software.
The document provides an overview of spatial analysis tools in AutoCAD Map 3D. It discusses two approaches to spatial analysis - using topologies of AutoCAD objects or connecting to feature data using FDO. The hands-on exercises demonstrate how to create network and polygon topologies, perform network analysis, and analyze features using buffers and overlays both with and without topologies.
The key to CAD and GIS integration is to recognize that it\'s not CAD to GIS, it\'s Design to As-Built. The technical aspects of migrating data is relatively simple - the real challenge is managing the business aspects of the data
The Real 21st Century Literacies at TCEA 2011Raymond Rose
Tired to hearing the term 21st Century Skills in discussions about education. It's time to look at the real literacies 21st Century citizens will need to be successful. It's about data visualization, computational thinking, continual learning, and team and global collaboration.
BigDoor is a company that uses game mechanics to power social engagement and increase user participation on websites. They approach gamification by rewarding users with prestige, recognition, virtual currency and goods to motivate more traffic, posting, liking, and sharing. For one client, Devhub.com, BigDoor doubled the percentage of users posting blogs overnight and increased user actions by 3x after implementing their system. They have also seen success increasing daily active users and engagement for other clients like MLB.com through rewarding user behaviors.
Branford’s 6th Grade CMT Connecticut Index Rank 2006 2010Thomas Salvin
Branford, Connecticut's 6th grade performance on the Connecticut Mastery Test (CMT) declined from 2006 to 2010 based on its Connecticut Index Rank (CIR). In math, Branford's CIR fell from 55 in 2006 to 85 in 2010, moving from the top 50% of districts to the bottom 50%. Reading scores dropped from a CIR of 44 in 2006 to 78 in 2010, with 34 more districts scoring higher. Writing ranks were excellent in 2007-2008 but dropped to 91 in 2010, in the bottom 50% of districts and below 51 additional districts. Overall, Branford's CMT scores declined over 5 years from excellence to mediocrity or worse, in the bottom 50% of reporting districts.
Finalcad is a mobile platform that uses predictive analysis to help construction teams anticipate and solve issues during projects. It allows teams to access drawings, record observations, and use integrated tools from the construction site. The platform provides centralized monitoring of activities and issues across projects. It has helped save over 250 hours on one residential tower project in London through reduced time spent on site and clearer communication. Finalcad currently has over 100,000 users on more than 10,000 construction projects globally.
FINALCAD's entrepreneurial story, captured by Nicolas Gros (Wild is the Game) from a presentation at Startup Assembly event in Paris, on May 28th 2015.
Geographical Information Systems discusses GIS components, data modelling, and input/preprocessing of spatial data. GIS is an information system designed to work with geographically referenced data. It has four main components - hardware, software, data, and personnel. Data can be represented through vector or raster models and attributes are added to give meaning. Primary data is obtained directly while secondary data requires preprocessing. Data quality and coordinate systems must be considered for integration.
Unit 3-ASSEMBLY OF PARTS AND CAD STANDARDS.pptxdinesh babu
This document discusses CAD standards and assembly modeling. It covers three main approaches to assembly modeling: top-down, bottom-up, and combination. It also describes common mating conditions for assembly such as coincident, coplanar, concentric, and tangent. The purpose of CAD standards for data exchange between systems is explained. Common data exchange formats like IGES and STEP are introduced along with organizational structures to support graphics standards.
Unit 3-ME8691 & COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURINGMohanumar S
This document discusses various CAD standards including:
1. Graphical standards like GKS and OpenGL that define graphics primitives and device independence.
2. Data exchange standards like IGES and STEP that define neutral formats for transferring geometric and non-geometric CAD data between systems.
3. Communication standards like LAN and WAN that define how CAD data is transferred over networks between systems.
The goals of CAD standards are to enable interoperability and portability of CAD data across different software and hardware platforms. They aim to support the complete transfer of product description data.
This document provides tips for optimizing map services. It discusses organizing data into basemaps and operational layers, and serving maps as cached tiles, dynamic services, or client-side graphics. It recommends pre-computing elements like projections and indexes for better performance. The document also covers authoring templates, mobile maps, and feature services, and using server-side symbology at ArcGIS 10.1.
Data input and editing in GIS involves collecting, digitizing, and correcting geospatial data to build a GIS database. There are two main types of data sources: digital data which may require processing or conversion, and non-digital hardcopy data which must be digitized. Common digitizing methods include on-screen digitizing, scanning, and geocoding of hardcopy maps and plans. Data editing aims to correct locational, topological, and attribute errors introduced during data input. Thorough planning is required to determine the best data collection and input methods based on factors like data format, source, accuracy needs, and project requirements.
The document discusses vector data models in GIS. Vector data models represent geographic features using points, lines, and polygons. The key vector data models are the spaghetti model, which encodes features as strings of coordinates, and the TIN (triangulated irregular network) model, which creates a network of triangles connecting points. Vector models allow for discrete boundaries but complex algorithms, while raster models divide space into a grid but are simpler.
The document discusses vector data models in GIS. Vector data models represent geographic features using points, lines, and polygons. The two main types of vector data models are the spaghetti model and the TIN (triangulated irregular network) model. The spaghetti model stores vector data as strings of coordinate pairs without any topological relationships, while the TIN model creates a network of triangles to store topological relationships between features. Vector data models are useful for storing data with discrete boundaries but are more complex for analysis compared to raster data models.
2017 GIS in Education Track: Sharing Historical Maps and Atlases in Web AppsGIS in the Rockies
This document discusses sharing historical maps and atlases through interactive web applications. It outlines a workflow for digitizing map collections that includes scanning maps, georeferencing them, creating mosaic datasets and image services, and developing a web app for users to view, compare and download maps. The goal is to provide rich online access to collections while archiving physical maps. Recommendations cover project planning, metadata, quality scanning, precise georeferencing, and sharing resources to enable others to digitize their own map archives.
The document discusses geodata management in ArcGIS. It covers geospatial data types including vector and raster data, as well as how data is structured in a GIS. It then discusses various data management topics in ArcGIS including organizing data, using geodatabases and feature datasets to manage data, and maintaining data integrity through techniques like subtypes and domains. Finally, it discusses data management and visualization tools in ArcGIS Pro for working with data.
CAD Data Exchange format used in industryrahulkatre9
The document discusses CAD data exchange formats. It describes the problems with proprietary CAD file formats and the need for standardized exchange formats. It provides an overview of several important exchange formats, including IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification) and STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data). IGES was an early standard but had reliability issues. STEP aims to model more product information beyond just geometry and has become the emerging international standard, though adoption is still increasing. Other relevant standards discussed include DXF, STL, and SAT.
The document discusses various methods for collecting and inputting data into a GIS system. There are primary and secondary data sources, with primary data collected directly through field surveys and remote sensing, and secondary data obtained from existing maps and tables. Data can be input through keyboard entry of attributes, manual or automatic digitization of spatial features from paper maps, or scanning of maps. Methods like COGO use survey measurements of distances and bearings for data input. Proper metadata is also needed to understand the data being input into the GIS.
The document discusses data collection and input methods in GIS. It covers obtaining data from primary sources like surveys and secondary sources like existing maps. Methods of inputting data include keyboard entry, manual digitization of maps, scanning, and COGO (coordinate geometry) entry of surveying measurements. Several types of sampling for primary data collection are also outlined like random, systematic, and stratified sampling. Issues with data accuracy and metadata are also addressed.
This document discusses various CAD standards including:
1. Graphic standards like GKS and OpenGL that allow for portability of geometric models between hardware and software.
2. Data exchange standards like IGES and STEP that define neutral formats for transferring CAD data between different systems.
3. Communication standards like LANs and WANs that enable the transfer of CAD data between networked computer systems.
The standards aim to facilitate interoperability for CAD/CAM data by providing common languages and specifications for graphics, file formats, and network communication.
This document provides an overview of a workshop on using HEC-GeoRAS to link GIS and hydraulic modeling software. The workshop is aimed at engineers, GIS professionals, and planners. It introduces HEC-GeoRAS and HEC-RAS software, the process of generating spatial data in HEC-GeoRAS from GIS layers, importing it into HEC-RAS, and exporting modeling results for mapping floodplains in GIS. Key topics covered include developing stream centerlines, cross sections, flow paths, and other data layers in GIS, validating data, running hydraulic models in HEC-RAS, and mapping inundation polygons with HEC-GeoRAS.
This document discusses editing and quality control procedures for geographic data. It describes common data errors like locational, topological, and attribute errors. It also outlines quality parameters to evaluate data such as completeness, validity, logical consistency, and accuracy. Finally, it discusses quality control procedures including visual quality checking, edge matching, conflict resolution, and automated validation.
The document provides an introduction to the ArcGIS Pipeline Data Model (APDM), which is a standardized data model for storing pipeline geospatial data. It describes the core components of a geographic information system (GIS) and how the APDM implements these components using ESRI's geodatabase tools. This includes discussions of feature classes, object classes, attributes, relationships, and how the pipeline data is structured and related within the APDM schema.
Geographic Information System for Egyptian Railway System(GIS)Ismail El Gayar
This document provides an overview of geographic information systems (GIS). It defines GIS as a system for capturing, storing, analyzing and presenting spatial data linked to locations. Key points include:
- GIS merges cartography and database technology to store and link map features to attribute data.
- The main components are a database for storing attribute and spatial data, tools for managing and analyzing spatial relationships, and functions for producing maps.
- GIS allows for integration of diverse spatial datasets, visualization, querying, overlay analysis and other functionality to support decision-making.
- Popular GIS software includes ArcGIS, ArcView and AutoCAD Map.
What is Geography Information Systems (GIS)John Lanser
GIS is a computer-based information system used to capture, manage, update, analyze, display, and output spatial data and information to be used in a decision making context. It integrates hardware, software, data, people, and allows for the visualization and analysis of data with a geographic component. Some key applications of GIS include emergency response, transportation planning, site selection, and natural resource management.
From a presentation at APWA - I used AutoCAD Map 3D to demonstrate various principles - they don't come across in the PDF. Maybe I'll post a video, or maybe video supplements.
In the actual presentation, I had a longer intro illustrating the value of place. I dropped the slides from this version as they would have no value without the talking. Again, maybe I'll make a video of that. I thought it came out well.
The document discusses harnessing the integrated power of AutoCAD Map 3D and ESRI software through Autodesk's interoperability tools. It introduces Richard Chappell, a geospatial application engineer, and outlines the objective to clarify the CAD to GIS discussion and understand Autodesk's interoperability solutions. The agenda includes identifying issues with CAD and GIS integration, reviewing the technologies, examining solutions, and practicing the solutions.
A description of some of the water and storm modeling tools in Civil 3D. This was a specialized presentation, so the slide background was scrubbed out and a standard design used in its place.
An overview of the AutoCAD Map 3D tools that are built into AutoCAD Civil 3D. This was a specialized presentation, so the slide background was scrubbed out and a standard design used in its place.
This document discusses how to use AutoCAD Map for spatial analysis and multi-user editing of geospatial data. It covers topics like working with vector and raster data, creating and managing feature attributes both internal and linked to external databases, performing common spatial analysis techniques like buffers, overlays, networks and more. Live demos are provided to illustrate working with topologies, joins, calculations and multi-step spatial analysis workflows in AutoCAD Map.
My Autodesk University 2009 presentation. It was about aligning the Data Model to the business and the capabilities of AutoCAD Map for utility modeling
Autodesk uses Feature Data Objects (or FDO) technology to manage live data connections to geospatial data, eliminating the need to import or export data. It allows AutoCAD Map to combine the analysis benefits of GIS software with the flexibility of CAD software.
The document provides an overview of spatial analysis tools in AutoCAD Map 3D. It discusses two approaches to spatial analysis - using topologies of AutoCAD objects or connecting to feature data using FDO. The hands-on exercises demonstrate how to create network and polygon topologies, perform network analysis, and analyze features using buffers and overlays both with and without topologies.
The key to CAD and GIS integration is to recognize that it\'s not CAD to GIS, it\'s Design to As-Built. The technical aspects of migrating data is relatively simple - the real challenge is managing the business aspects of the data
1. It’s not CAD to GIS; It’s Design
to As-Built
Richard E Chappell
APS (Arizona Pubic Service)
2. APS Background
1.3 Million Customers
5 Operating Divisions
1140 Feeders/Circuits
North
East
Metro Region =
75 % of Customers,
North
West
15% of Service Territory
South
West One of the Fastest
Metro
Metro Growing Customer bases
West South
East in United States
3. Contents
• Discuss issues related to managing data across the facility
management organization
• Dispel myths
• Identify technical issues
• Identify non-technical issues
• Discuss options
4. Intended Audience
• Designed for a mixed audience
• Generally not technical
• Some understanding of AutoCAD and GIS would be helpful
5. Ground Rules
• No religious discussions
– No discussion of whether GIS or CAD is better.
– Many of us, for various reasons, need to work in an environment shared
between CAD and GIS software
7. Error
Measurement is an inexact science. There is error inherent in all
measurement.
• Errors can exist due to mistakes
• Errors can exist due to methods and tools
8. Accuracy and Precision
"Accuracy - closeness of an estimated (e.g., measured or computed)
value to a standard or accepted [true] value of a particular
quantity.”
FGDC-STD-007.1-1998
Precision - in statistics, a measure of the
tendency of a set of random numbers to cluster about a number
determined by
the set.
FGDC-STD-007.1-1998
10. Photo Credit: How to:
http://www.westone.wa.gov.au/toolbox6/hort6/html/resources/visitor_centre/how_to/measure.htm
11. Target Model of Data Quality
ACCURATE PRECISE ACCURATE &
PRECISE
–Accuracy is the quality of the tools and methods
–Precision is how well the measurement is done
14. Some Myths to Dispel
• CAD is dumb data
• GIS data is not accurate
• CAD doesn’t use coordinate systems
• Technology now allows us to capture 80% of CAD data for GIS
• CAD uses x and y coordinates, and GIS uses Latitude and Longitude
• CAD is a graphics program and GIS is a database program
15. CAD and GIS Basics
• Both consist of basic primitive elements
– Points
– Lines
– Polygons
– Attributes
• Both store this information within a database
19. Complex Features
Complex features are generally some construct of these primitives
• Annotation is a form of point
• Polylines are groups of lines
20. Attributes
• Primitives will have data elements attached
– Some elements describe the object itself
– Some are data describing what the object represents
21. So what is the difference?
There are 2 key differences between CAD and GIS that are critical
• Data Structure Paradigm
• Graphic Representation
22. Data Structure Paradigm
• AutoCAD stores data in a free form object oriented database
where the fields in each row are defined by the entity type
• ArcGIS stores data in predefined data structures where the fields
are defined in each data type
28. What this means
• The means that AutoCAD will store multiple data types in a single
DWG, while ArcGIS will store multiple data types in separate files
– Tables in Geodatabase
– Sets of files for Shapes and other formats
29. Graphic Representation
• In AutoCAD, the graphic representation is stored on the object as
part of the individual object definition
• In ArcGIS, all graphic representation is kept separate from the data
30. What this means
• Sharing a DWG file provides an exact representation of the original
graphic representation
• Sharing a GIS data set will not provide an exact representation of
the original graphic representation, without the ancillary support
files
Not good or bad – just different
31. Other Differences
• Coordinate number data types
– Floating point vs Long Integers
• 32-bit
– Single vs Double Precision
• Some differences in primitives
– Annotation – feature linked as well as annotation objects
– Curves – curve data isn’t carried through some GIS data sets
33. What’s The Point
The physical transfer of data is a minor technical issue
• Most software vendors now provide excellent tools to transfer data
back and forth
• Most will allow direct editing of other data formats
34. Third-Party Options
• Additonally, there are a number of third-party applications to
further enable this interaction between systems
– FME by Safe Software
– GISConnect by Haestad Methods (Bentley)
– Crossfire by EMS
38. Integration Barriers
• The primary barriers to integration are data organization and
business issues rather than technical issues
• The purposes of the data have a much larger impact than how the
data is stored
• Understanding those issues can remove the barriers
39. Purpose of the Data
• The purpose of the data can have a profound impact on the data
• Across the facility management environment, there are a number
of areas of the lifecycle, each with its own requirements
40. Commonality Across the Workflow
• Design and Facility Management are different activities that have
unique requirements
• Identify the common requirements and you identify the targets of
integration
• Then we can move to a real design to as-built data management
process
41. Some of the Issues
• Scale
• Precision
• Granularity
• Generalization
• Data Capture
• Cartographic Issues
42. Scale
• Different scales have different requirements
• Generally, design scales will be much larger than GIS map scales –
Design scales get in the 1”=20’-50’ range, where system maps get
much smaller, as in 1”=100’-400’
46. Generalization
• Reduce complexity by
– Grouping of similar objects to simplify an image
– Simplification of lines based on scale
– Feature coalescence, selection and complexity reduction
47. Granularity
• Granularity is the grouping of dissimilar objects to represent a
single feature
• Items that aren’t important to the operation of the system may be
dropped from facility maps
48. Precision and Accuracy
• Higher accuracy is more expensive
• Design requires a high degree of accuracy
– Underground utilities
• Most new construction work will include a site survey of 3rd order
(or close) to identify the existing conditions
• With a large land base, highly accurate data is likely too expensive
to create and maintain
50. Putting It Together
• Determine what data can move through the work flow
• Understand how the pieces fit together
• Be willing to re-evaluate your processes
• Use the information to develop CAD standards that can make
integration possible
51. Standards
• Freeform nature of AutoCAD allows great flexibility
• We can constrain CAD data to a similar organization as GIS through
standards
53. Layers
• In AutoCAD, layering is the most common method of segregating
data
• In ArcGIS, feature classes and subtypes define segregate the data
• Match layers to feature classes and subtypes to segregate the data
• Use similar object types within each layer
– ie. Lines with lines, points with points
54. Point Symbols
• Represent points in data set
• ArcGIS uses a font in the map document to create the symbol
• AutoCAD would use a block in the drawing
• Identify Font-Block Mappings during conversion
55. Geometry
• Maintain snapping through connected line features – use wipeouts
to mask lines
• Insure intersections are broken within a single data set
• Use closed polygons to identify polygons
56. Attributes
• Use attributes to label items rather than text labels
• Use label blocks to attribute polygons and lines – after conversion,
they can be spatially joined
• One label block per element
• Consider using external database links and maintaining an ID as an
attribute
57. Conclusion
By understanding the issues that really impact our processes,
we can develop workflows that will allow us to take the most
advantage of our data