Cans Manufacturing is a wide range process that took place recently after the second world war .. It is now occupants more than 70% of our daily life .. Some techniques were discussed in this presentation..
Hope you will enjoy it :)
This document discusses edible films and coatings used for food packaging. It begins by introducing common food packaging materials like plastic, paperboard, and metal cans that end up in landfills. It then discusses how edible films and coatings can provide an alternative by acting as the food packaging that can be consumed. Edible films are free-standing sheets that can wrap or separate food layers, while coatings are thin liquid layers applied to food surfaces. Common biopolymers used include polysaccharides like starch, proteins like gelatin and casein, and lipids like wax. Edible packaging can help extend shelf-life by preventing moisture loss and microbial growth while providing a more sustainable alternative to traditional packaging waste.
Vacuum packaging is an effective way to increase the shelf life of food products. Here the product is placed in an air-tight pack, the air sucked out and the package sealed.
This document discusses extruded snack foods and the extrusion process. It covers the different types of snack foods produced via extrusion, including first, second, and third generation snacks. It describes the extrusion process and how varying factors like moisture, temperature, fiber and lipid content can impact expansion during extrusion. Specific raw materials used like cereals, tubers and their properties are outlined. The roles of ingredients like fats and seasonings in finishing extruded snacks are also summarized.
Packaging has been used for thousands of years, originally using natural materials like skins and leaves. Four thousand years ago, sealed pottery jars were introduced to protect against rodents. One hundred years ago, packaging was rarely used in food industries but now is a significant part of food production, with continuous development of new packaging materials and equipment. Modified atmosphere packaging is a common technique that uses specialized machinery to flush out air and replace it with different gases or gas mixtures to provide longer shelf life and maintain food safety and quality by modifying the normal air composition. The major gases used are nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in various combinations depending on the food and storage temperature.
Retort pouches provide a convenient packaging solution for foods. They extend shelf life without refrigeration by using a retort process involving heat and pressure to sterilize sealed food packages. Retort pouches are flexible pouches made of heat resistant multilayer plastic and sometimes aluminum foil. They allow for various food types to be packaged and have advantages over cans like being lightweight, easy to store and distribute, and providing more surface area for labels. The retort process cooks and preserves the food, making it shelf stable at room temperature for over a year. Retort pouches provide consumers with a convenient ready-to-eat package.
Biopolymers can be divided into three categories based on their origin and production:
1) Polymers directly extracted from biomass like starch and cellulose
2) Polymers produced from biobased monomers through chemical synthesis like polylactic acid
3) Polymers produced by microorganisms or genetically modified bacteria like polyhydroxyalkanoates
Common biopolymers include starch, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and polycaprolactone. These materials have properties similar to conventional plastics but are biodegradable. Their gas barrier and thermal properties depend on material and humidity conditions. Biopolymers can be composted within weeks to months depending on
The document summarizes a seminar on active and intelligent packaging presented by Bhavesh Datla. It discusses various types of active packaging systems that interact with the internal environment of the package, such as oxygen scavengers, carbon dioxide emitters/absorbers, ethylene absorbers, and moisture absorbers. It also describes intelligent packaging systems containing indicators that provide information on the history or quality of food, including sensors to detect gases, ripeness, temperature, or tampering. The seminar provided an overview of these emerging packaging technologies and their potential to extend shelf life and ensure food safety.
Freezing is a method of food preservation that involves lowering the food's temperature to below the freezing point. It allows food to be preserved by slowing microbial growth and preventing spoilage. There are different freezing methods like air blast freezing, which uses cold air circulated over food on a conveyor belt, and immersion or spray freezing, which sprays or immerses food in refrigerated liquid. The key is freezing food quickly to form small ice crystals that do not damage cells and affect quality. Larger ice crystals from slow freezing can damage texture and flavor.
The document discusses packaging for beverages in India. It covers non-carbonated beverages like fruit juices, coffee, and tea, as well as carbonated drinks. Common packaging materials include glass, metal cans, plastic bottles and aseptic cartons. Plastic is increasingly used for fruit juices due to its ability to be hot-filled and provide longer shelf life. Bag-in-box systems are also used for some beverages. The document outlines factors to consider for different beverage types like acidity, enzymes, and oxygen permeability.
This document discusses various properties of packaging materials including tensile strength, bursting strength, tearing resistance, puncture resistance, impact strength, and permeability. It defines each property and describes the machines and calculations used to measure them. Properties like tensile strength, bursting strength, and tearing resistance indicate a material's resistance to pulls, bursts, and tears. Permeability properties like oxygen transmission rate and water vapor transmission rate are important for determining shelf life of packaged foods. Understanding these material properties helps in selecting appropriate packaging.
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) involves flushing air out of food packaging and replacing it with gas mixtures to extend shelf life. Common gases used are carbon dioxide to inhibit bacteria, nitrogen to displace oxygen, and low levels of oxygen for some products' appearance. Novel gases like argon and nitrous oxide may also effectively inhibit spoilage. High oxygen MAP can prevent browning but also microbial growth. Testing shows these alternative gases may effectively extend shelf life while maintaining quality for many fresh and prepared foods. MAP requires specialized equipment to control and monitor precise gas mixtures tailored to different products.
Packaging materials: Paper based packaging for foodDr. Jilen Mayani
Paper is a very versatile material. It is produced from cellulosic, naturally renewable fibres. It is therefore considered as an environmentally friendly material, being easily recycled, composted or incinerated after use. It may be used in food packaging applications within a wide range of grammages, being designed as wrapping paper, folding box board or corrugated board, for direct or indirect contact, i.e. as primary, secondary or tertiary packaging. Other paper grades, such as tissue paper, may be used in occasional contact with foodstuffs.
When paper and paper based products are intended, or likely, to come into contact with food, manufacturers follow relevant and acknowledged regulations and guidelines to design manufacturing processes and recipes, and ensure consumer safety.
Thermal food processing technologies include various cooking and heat treatment methods like baking, boiling, frying, and more. These methods make food safer, more palatable, and in some cases help preserve it. Common thermal processing techniques discussed include blanching, pasteurization, sterilization, evaporation/concentration, extrusion, dehydration, baking/roasting, and frying. Newer methods like aseptic processing are also covered, which sterilize food outside the package before aseptically filling sterile containers. The document provides details on the principles, equipment used, advantages, and limitations of various thermal food processing technologies.
This document discusses non-migratory bioactive polymers for food packaging. It provides examples of how bioactive peptides and antimicrobial peptides can be covalently linked to packaging polymers to inhibit microbial growth without migrating into the food. Specifically, it mentions how chitosan, UV-irradiated nylon, and nylon treated with laser can all exhibit antimicrobial properties through interactions with microbial membranes that disrupt permeability. Non-migratory bioactive polymers provide benefits like improved stability of bioactive compounds, regulatory advantages over food additives, and enabling minimally processed foods with a longer shelf life.
Canning is a process that preserves food by heating it in hermetically sealed containers to kill microorganisms. It involves preparing and cutting meat into cubes, filling cans leaving headspace, exhausting air from cans then sealing them. The sealed cans are then thermally processed by heating to 121C for 1 hour to kill bacteria before rapidly cooling, washing, labeling, and lacquering the cans.
This lecture gives a background of the design and manufacturing processes of food and beverage cans, which are produced by drawing and drawing & ironing of rolled aluminium alloys. It draws attention to the challenge for materials and production engineers to fulfill contradicting demands and requirements for the production of cans and easy-open lids in a very competitive market. It demonstrates that optimization of all parameters, i.e. design, manufacturing and materials, has resulted in sheet metal forming processes of extremely high productivity and reliability. A good general knowledge of engineering practice and a familiarity with sheet metal forming and properties of aluminium alloys is assumed.
Shrink wrapping and stretch wrapping are two common packaging methods that use plastic film. Shrink wrapping involves wrapping an item and then applying heat to shrink the film tightly around the item. The process has four stages: wrapping, sealing, shrinking with hot air, and cooling. Stretch wrapping uses elastic plastic film that is stretched to wrap around items palletized on a pallet. When stretched, the film's elastic recovery keeps the items tightly bound. Stretch wrapping provides benefits like load stabilization, efficient handling and storage, and some protection from dust, moisture, and tampering. It also saves on energy compared to shrink wrapping.
Design Of Freezing Equipments in Food Industry.Shahnaz Mol. S
Freezing, or solidification, is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point. Food freezing equipments can be classified depending on the heat transfer medium
Blanching is a heat treatment of fruits and vegetables that inactivates enzymes and microorganisms. It involves rapidly heating produce to a specified temperature for a short time period, then rapidly cooling it. This helps prevent quality degradation during further processing like freezing, canning, or drying by stopping enzymatic and microbial activity. Blanching also softens tissues, removes gases, and helps with peeling or packaging of produce. However, it can result in some nutrient and texture loss depending on the time-temperature combination used.
This document discusses active packaging, which incorporates components into packaging systems that interact with food or the surrounding environment to prolong shelf life and food quality. It provides examples of active packaging systems that scavenge oxygen, ethylene, or emit ethanol. The goal is to enhance food preservation through techniques like oxygen removal, carbon dioxide absorption, and antimicrobial control. Trends include reducing food waste and using more sustainable active agents, while challenges include cost and technical limitations.
This document provides an overview of sand casting processes. It discusses the key components needed for sand casting including patterns, cores, molds, and gating systems. It describes different types of patterns such as one-piece, two-piece, and loose patterns. Common pattern materials like wood, metals, plastics, and plaster are also outlined. The document then reviews the basic sand casting process steps and terminology used in sand casting.
Ch2 foundaryproc Erdi Karaçal Mechanical Engineer University of GaziantepErdi Karaçal
This document provides an overview of foundry processes. It discusses how molds are made by preparing sand and pouring molten metal into prepared molds. Key steps include making molds and cores, melting and pouring metals, and allowing the casting to solidify. Molds are prepared using patterns and sand, and may use cores to create internal cavities. The document outlines important mold characteristics and different types of molds, cores, and sand used in the casting process.
This document provides an introduction to the Manufacturing Technology - I course. It begins with a welcome message and introduces the instructor. It then provides the course objective, which is to introduce basic manufacturing processes like metal casting, metal joining, metal forming, and plastic component manufacturing. The document outlines the course syllabus covering these topics over 5 units. It lists the required textbooks and references. It then begins discussing the first unit on metal casting processes with a focus on sand casting, including the processes involved, types of patterns and their materials, pattern allowances, and moulding sand constituents and types.
Shell casting,steps involved in shell casting and Apllications by polayya chi...POLAYYA CHINTADA
This document provides information about shell casting production technology. It discusses shell casting as a metal casting process where a resin-coated sand forms an expendable mold, allowing for higher precision and productivity than sand casting. The document outlines the shell casting process which involves pattern creation, mold creation by coating a heated pattern with sand-resin mixture, mold assembly, pouring molten metal, cooling, and casting removal. Typical applications include small to medium parts for industries like automotive and defense.
Presentation study of manufacturing process in hmt machine tools limited.docxAbu Sufyan Malik
Manufacturing is the production of products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation, and is the essence of secondary industry. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high-tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial design, in which raw materials from primary industry are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such finished goods may be sold to other manufacturers for the production of other more complex products or distributed via the tertiary industry to end users and consumers (usually through wholesalers, who in turn sell to retailers, who then sell them to individual customers).
Manufacturing engineering or manufacturing process are the steps through which raw materials are transformed into a final product. The manufacturing process begins with the product design, and materials specification from which the product is made. These materials are then modified through manufacturing processes to become the required part.
The manufacturing sector is closely connected with engineering and industrial design. Examples of major manufacturers in North America include General Motors Corporation, General Cast Parts. Examples in Europe include Volkswagen Group, Siemens, FCA and Michelin. Examples in Asia include Toyota, Yamaha, Panasonic, LG, Samsung and Tata Motors.
IEEM 215 covers traditional manufacturing processes including casting, forming, and sheet metal processing. Casting methods like sand casting and die casting are discussed along with guidelines for casting design to prevent defects. Forming processes include rolling, forging, and extrusion to shape metals. Sheet metal processes involve cutting, punching, bending, and deep drawing of sheet stock to form parts. The notes provide examples of each process and considerations for planning the sequencing of operations.
Special Casting Processes
Centrifugal Casting
Semi centrifugal casting
Centrifuging
Die Casting
Gravity Die Casting
Pressure die casting
Hot chamber die-casting:
Submerged plunger die casting
Air blown or goose neck die casting machine
Investment Casting
Defects in Casting
Blow holes Casting Defects
Shrinkage
Crack
Inclusions
Lift and shift
Swell
Fins
Misrun and cold shut
Metal Penetration
Hard spot
Run out
Drop
Warpage
Casting for 2022 GATE ESE PSUs by S K Mondal .pdfRamMishra65
Sand casting is a process where a sand mold is used to form metal castings. Some key steps in sand casting include:
1. A pattern replicating the desired casting shape is packed in sand and removed, leaving a mold cavity.
2. Runners and sprue are added to direct molten metal flow into the mold.
3. Molten metal is poured and solidifies in the mold, then shaken out after solidification.
4. The casting is then cleaned up by removing ingates and feeder heads.
Shell moulding is a metal casting process where a sand-resin mixture is applied to a pattern to create a thin-walled mold. Molten metal is poured into the mold and allowed to cool, producing a casting. It offers better accuracy than sand casting with higher productivity and lower labor needs. Common metals used include cast iron, carbon steel, aluminum, and copper alloys. The process involves creating a metal pattern, forming the shell mold, assembling the two mold halves, pouring the molten metal, cooling, and removing the casting.
Permanent mould casting is a metal casting process that uses reusable molds to produce castings. There are four main permanent mould casting processes: gravity, slush, low pressure, and vacuum. Gravity process involves preheating the mold and pouring molten metal in. Slush casting produces hollow castings by allowing a shell to solidify before draining the remaining liquid. Low pressure uses gas pressure to push molten metal into the mold, while vacuum casting pulls molten metal into the mold in a vacuum. Permanent mould casting produces castings with good surface finish and dimensional accuracy.
Metal casting involves pouring liquid metal into a mold to produce parts of a desired shape. The key steps are melting metal to create a liquid, pouring it into a mold to achieve a solid shape as it cools and extracts heat, and then removing the solidified part from the mold. The quality of castings depends on factors like the flow of molten metal into the mold, the solidification and cooling process, and the type of mold material used. Common casting methods include sand casting, die casting, and investment casting.
Metal casting involves pouring liquid metal into a mold to produce parts of a desired shape. The key steps are melting metal to create a liquid, pouring it into a mold to achieve a solid shape as it cools and extracts heat, and then removing the solidified part from the mold. The quality of castings depends on factors like the flow of molten metal into the mold, the solidification and cooling process, and the type of mold material used. Common casting methods include sand casting, die casting, and investment casting.
Sand casting uses sand as the primary mould material mixed with other materials like clay and water. A pattern with the shape of the desired casting is packed in sand to form the mould cavity. Molten metal is poured through a sprue hole and gates into the mould. After solidification, the mould is broken and the casting is removed and further processed by cutting off ingates. The sequential steps involve packing sand in the drag and cope halves of a flask with the pattern, cutting runners and gates, and pouring molten metal. Key terms include flask, pattern, parting line, and gates. Core sands require higher strength and permeability than moulding sands.
Engineering Mathematics-I as per NEP 2020.pdfmeghakothawade1
Explore the latest updates and changes in the education policy concerning Engineering Mathematics-I. This presentation covers key reforms, curriculum enhancements, and implications for engineering education, providing insights into the future of mathematical education in engineering disciplines.
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Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineeringtushardatta
Slides are prepared with a lot of text material to help young teachers to teach the course for the first time. This also includes solved problems. This can be used to teach a first course on structural dynamics and earthquake engineering. The lecture notes based on which slides are prepared are available in SCRIBD.
Predicting damage in notched functionally graded materials plates thr...Barhm Mohamad
Presently, Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are extensively utilised in several industrial sectors, and the modelling of their mechanical behaviour is consistently advancing. Most studies investigate the impact of layers on the mechanical characteristics, resulting in a discontinuity in the material. In the present study, the extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) technique is used to analyse the damage in a Metal/Ceramic plate (FGM-Al/SiC) with a circular central notch. The plate is subjected to a uniaxial tensile force. The maximum stress criterion was employed for fracture initiation and the energy criterion for its propagation and evolution. The FGM (Al/SiC) structure is graded based on its thickness using a modified power law. The plastic characteristics of the structure were estimated using the Tamura-Tomota-Ozawa (TTO) model in a user-defined field variables (USDFLD) subroutine. Validation of the numerical model in the form of a stress-strain curve with the findings of the experimental tests was established following a mesh sensitivity investigation and demonstrated good convergence. The influence of the notch dimensions and gradation exponent on the structural response and damage development was also explored. Additionally, force-displacement curves were employed to display the data, highlighting the fracture propagation pattern within the FGM structure.
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Using Large Language Models in Manufacturing | UReason WebinarUReason
In this presentation, we will explore how LLMs, combined with the insights from our Control Valve App, can enhance decision-making processes in manufacturing. LLMs represent a cutting-edge class of artificial intelligence models designed to understand and generate human language. These models are notable for their immense scale, built upon deep neural networks with parameters ranging from hundreds of millions to tens of billions. Pre-trained on vast amounts of text data, LLMs excel in understanding linguistic nuances and performing a variety of language tasks.
2. Team "2" 2
• Introduction
• Types of Cans
• Materials
• Manufacturing Process
• Conclusion
OUTLINES
3. HISTORY OF CAN MANUFACTURING
• Early tin cans were sealed by soldering with a
tin-lead alloy, which could lead to lead
poisoning.
• Use of aluminum in cans began after the (2nd
world war) in 1957.
Why Aluminum?
• Less in cost.
• Greater malleability.
• This gave rise to the two-piece can, where all
but the top of the can is simply stamped out of a
single piece of aluminum, rather than
constructed from two pieces of steel.
Team "2" 3
6. Team "2" 6
Impact-extruded aluminum
cans necked-in to accept
the valve cup.
No welding is used.
Often used for sprays
and paints.
ONE-PIECE CANS
7. (1) Punching (2) Impact Extrusion
A ONE-PIECE CANS PROCEDURES
Team "2" 7
8. (3) Trimming (4) Washing & Drying
(5) Coating (6) Heat Drying
A ONE-PIECE CANS PROCEDURES
Team "2" 8
9. (7) Heat Drying (8) Roller Printing
(9) Drying (10) Swaging
A ONE-PIECE CANS PROCEDURES
Team "2" 9
11. Team "2" 11
Mostly used as beverage cans.
They have many ends like
easy-open end.
They may contain another
contents like car-wax and
shoe polisher.
TWO-PIECE CANS
12. The Aluminum can consists of:
97.4% Aluminum
1% Magnesium
1% Manganese
0.4% Iron
0.2% Silicon
MATERIALS OF BEVERAGE CAN
Team "2" 12
13. Draw (Shallow Draw): Shallow-profile cans(whose
height is less than their diameter.
Draw and redraw (DRD): shallow drawing in 3 steps.
Draw and iron (D&I ): Carbonated beverage cans.
TWO-PIECE CANS
Team "2" 13
17. (1) Cutting the blank
(2) Redrawing the cup
(3) Trimming the ears
(4)Cleaning and decorating
(5) The lid
(6) Detecting and quality assurance
(7) Filling and seaming
A TWO-PIECE CAN PROCEDURES
Team "2" 17
18. (1) Cutting the blank
A TWO-PIECE (BEVERAGE) CAN PROCEDURES
Team "2" 18
26. (5) The lid
A TWO-PIECE (BEVERAGE) CAN PROCEDURES
Team "2" 26
27. Team "2" 27
(6) Detecting and
quality assurance
using duplex seam
micrometer.
A TWO-PIECE (BEVERAGE) CAN PROCEDURES
28. They are made of Tin-
plated or tin-free steel
depending on the end use.
Used for paints containers,
glues, and aerosols.
THREE-PIECE CANS
Team "2" 28
29. Team "2" 29
(1) Raw Material Coil (2) Cutting into sheets
A THREE-PIECE CAN PROCEDURES
36. Team "2" 36
• The manufacturing process for aluminum beverage cans
is already technologically very advanced, and therefore
it is useful to have the utmost information possible on
material and tooling, in order to optimize it
CONCLUSION
37. Team "2" 37
Team “2”
1- Ahmed Ayman 2- Esraa Tarek
3- Bassant Hamdi 4- Dalia Mahmoud
5- Sara Samy 6- Tarek Hossny
7- Abdel Rahman Atef