This document discusses heat exchangers, which allow the transfer of heat between two fluids without direct contact. It describes several types of heat exchangers including double pipe heat exchangers, which involve two concentric pipes, and shell and tube heat exchangers, which involve tubes inside a cylindrical shell. Shell and tube heat exchangers are widely used and involve tubes, tube sheets, baffles, and multiple passes to increase heat transfer. The document also discusses applications and advantages and disadvantages of different heat exchanger designs.
Heat exchangers transfer heat from one fluid to another without direct contact between the fluids. The most common type is the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which consists of tubes in a shell container. Fluids flow inside the tubes and outside in the shell. Other key types include double-pipe exchangers, plate-and-frame exchangers, air-cooled exchangers, and spiral exchangers. Spiral exchangers have two fluids spiraling in opposite directions to enhance heat transfer.
• Types of heat exchangers
• Classification of heat exchangers
• components of heat exchanger
• Materials of heat exchanger
• troubleshooting of heat exchanger
Heat exchangers allow the transfer of heat between two fluids without direct contact. The main types are shell-and-tube, plate, air-cooled, and spiral. Shell-and-tube exchangers consist of tubes in a shell and are the most common, used across many industries. Plate exchangers use corrugated plates clamped together with gaskets to direct fluid flow. Spiral and air-cooled exchangers provide alternatives for applications where fouling is a problem.
The document discusses the steps for designing a heat exchanger. It begins by introducing the basic heat exchanger equation that relates heat transfer rate, surface area, and temperature difference. It then outlines 14 steps for heat exchanger design, which include: 1) assuming tube dimensions and material, 2) fouling factors, 3) tube material properties, 4) determining temperature points, 5) calculating the log mean temperature difference, 6) correction factors, 7) mean temperature difference, 8) heat transfer coefficient, 9) required surface area, 10) number of tubes, 11) tube pitch and bundle diameter, 12) floating head type, 13) shell diameter, and 14) baffle spacing. The goal is to use these steps
This document provides information about heat exchangers, including:
- Heat exchangers transfer energy between fluids at different temperatures through conduction, convection and radiation.
- They have advantages like being economical, having high efficiency and being easy to modify.
- Heat exchangers can be classified by their flow configuration, transfer process, construction and heat transfer mechanism.
- Common types include shell and tube, plate, double pipe, and condensers, evaporators and boilers.
- Maintenance includes hydrotesting to detect leaks and plugging leaking tubes temporarily or permanently.
This manual covers the basic guidelines and minimum requirements for
periodic inspection of heat exchangers used in petroleum refinery.
Locations to be inspected, inspection tools, frequency of inspection &
testing, locations prone to deterioration and causes, corrosion
mitigation, inspection and testing procedures have been specified in
the manual.
Documentation of observations & history of heat exchangers,
inspection checklist and recommended practices have also been
included.
Heat exchanging equipment is used for heating or cooling a fluid.
Individual heat transfer equipment is named as per its function.
Cooler
A cooler cools the process fluid, using water or air, with no change of
phase.
Chiller
A chiller uses a refrigerant to cool process fluid to a temperature below
that obtainable with water.
Condenser
A condenser condenses a vapour or mixture of vapours using water or
air.
Exchanger
An exchanger performs two functions in that it heats a cold process
fluid by recovering heat from a hot fluid, which it cools. None of the
transferred heat is lost.
This document summarizes a technical seminar on thermosyphon reboilers and their operational characteristics. It begins with an introduction to reboilers and thermosyphon reboilers. It then discusses the working principles and types of thermosyphon reboilers, including vertical and horizontal designs. The document reviews the operational characteristics of thermosyphon reboilers and how they are influenced by factors like temperature difference, operating pressure, and pipe diameter. It also compares advantages and disadvantages of vertical and horizontal designs. Finally, it discusses common industrial applications of thermosyphon reboilers and concludes with a summary of key points and references.
Heat exchangers transfer heat between two or more fluids that are at different temperatures. They work by bringing the fluids into thermal contact through a conducting surface while preventing mixing. There are several types of heat exchangers classified by their heat exchange process, fluid flow direction, mechanical design, and physical state. A common type is the shell and tube heat exchanger, which consists of a shell with a bundle of tubes inside. One fluid flows through the tubes while another flows over the tubes to transfer heat between the fluids. Double pipe heat exchangers are a simpler design with one pipe inside a larger pipe, allowing fluids to flow within and between the pipes.
This document discusses heat exchangers, including their types, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. It describes the main types of heat exchangers as shell and tube, double pipe, plate type, and finned tube. Shell and tube heat exchangers are the most widely used due to their lower cost compared to plate type and ability to handle higher pressures than double pipe. Plate type heat exchangers offer higher efficiency but higher initial cost. Heat exchangers are commonly used in chemical, petrochemical, food, and other industrial processes to transfer heat between fluids.
Heat exchangers transfer heat from one medium to another. They are classified by flow configuration and construction. Key flow configurations are parallel, counter, and cross flow. Main construction types are shell and tube, and plate heat exchangers. Heat transfer is calculated using methods like log mean temperature difference (LMTD) and number of transfer units (NTU). Standards like TEMA provide guidelines for shell and tube heat exchanger design and components.
This document discusses heat exchangers and provides details on shell-and-tube heat exchangers. It describes the basic components and design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, including tubes, tube sheets, baffles, and shells. Equations for heat transfer and thermal analysis of shell-and-tube exchangers are presented. An example problem demonstrates the design calculations to determine the required heat exchanger area and fluid flow rates.
HEAT EXCHANGERS. Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the exchange of heat between two fluids that are at different temperature while keeping them from mixing with each other.
2. Double Pipe Heat Exchangers
3. A typical double pipe heat exchanger basically consists of a tube or pipe fixed concentrically inside a larger pipe or tube They are used when flow rates of the fluids and the heat duty are small (less than 5 kW) These are simple to construct, but may require a lot of physical space to achieve the desired heat transfer area.
4. Double-pipe exchangers is the generic term covering a range of jacketed 'U' tube exchangers normally operating in countercurrent flow of two types which is true double pipes and multitubular hairpins. One fluid flows through the smaller pipe while the other fluid flows through the annular space between the two pipes. Two types of flow arrangement: Parallel flow Counter flow
5. • The fluids may be separated by a plane wall but more commonly by a concentric tube (double pipe) arrangement shown in fig. If both the fluids move in the same direction, the arrangement is called a parallel flow type. In the counter flow arrangement the fluids move in parallel but opposite directions. In a double pipe heat exchanger, either the hot or cold fluid occupies the annular space and the other fluid moves through the inner pipe. The method of solving the problem using logarithmic mean temperature difference is typical and more iteration must be done. So it takes more time for the problem to solve. Therefore another method is practiced for solving this type of problems. This method is known as Effectiveness and Number of Transfer Units or simply ε-NTU method.“Effectiveness of heat exchangers is defined as actual heat transfer rate by maximum possible heat transfer rate”.The LMTD method may be applied to design problems for which the fluid flow rates and inlet temperatures, as well as a desired outlet temperature, are prescribed.
6. Application of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Pasteurization or sterilization of food and bioproducts Condensers and evaporators of air conditioners Radiators for internal combustion engines Charge air coolers and intercoolers for cooling supercharged engine intake air of diesel engines.
Shell and tube heat exchangers are commonly used in various industries. They work by transferring heat between two fluids flowing through the shell side and tube side. Key components include the shell, tubes, tubesheet, baffles, and connections. Design considerations include materials selection, codes and standards compliance, strength calculations for pressure components, and hydrostatic testing. Detailed drawings are required to communicate the design to manufacturers.
This document provides an introduction to heat exchangers, including their classification, types, components, and design considerations. Heat exchangers transfer thermal energy between fluids or between fluids and solids. Common types include shell and tube, plate and frame, air cooled, and spiral designs. Key components of shell and tube heat exchangers are the shell, tubes, tubesheet, baffles, and nozzles. Tube layout, pitch, pass arrangements, and baffle design impact heat transfer and pressure drop. Bypass and leakage streams must be minimized for optimal performance.
The document discusses heat exchangers, which transfer heat from one medium to another. It classifies heat exchangers based on their processes, fluid motion direction, mechanical design, and physical state of fluids. It then describes several common types of heat exchangers - shell and tube, plate, adiabatic wheel, plate fin, and pillow plate. It notes that shell and tube exchangers use tubes to transfer heat between two fluids, while plate exchangers use thin stacked plates. Heat exchangers have applications in engines, industries like oil/gas and chemicals, power generation, and HVAC systems like air conditioners and furnaces.
This document provides an overview of heat exchanger classification. It discusses how heat exchangers can be classified according to transfer processes (direct vs indirect contact), number of fluids, construction features, flow arrangements, and heat transfer mechanisms. It also summarizes some common heat exchanger types like shell-and-tube exchangers, condensers, evaporators, and fluidized bed exchangers. The document aims to describe the various heat exchanger classifications in detail.
This document provides an overview of different types of heat exchangers. It begins with an introduction to heat exchangers and their basic functions. It then describes several common types of heat exchangers including recuperators, regenerators, plate heat exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers, and fin tube heat exchangers. It also discusses potential problems with heat exchangers such as fouling and corrosion and provides some precautions and considerations for heat exchanger design and cost.
Heat exchangers transfer heat from one fluid to another. There are two main types: tube-and-shell and plate. Tube-and-shell consists of tubes in a shell where fluids flow inside and outside the tubes. Plate heat exchangers use plates to separate fluids which flow between plates in alternating channels. Heat exchangers can operate in parallel, counter, or cross flow configurations. Performance tests determine the overall heat transfer coefficient and identify any fouling issues.
The document discusses shell and tube heat exchangers. It describes shell and tube heat exchangers as consisting of a shell with tubes inside that allow two fluids to transfer heat between each other without mixing. It discusses the basic components and layout of shell and tube heat exchangers. Common types are also presented, including U-tube, straight-tube, and multi-pass configurations. Reasons for the popularity of shell and tube designs in process industries are their ability to provide a large surface area to volume ratio for heat transfer in an easily constructed form.
A tube heat exchanger consists of a shell containing a bundle of tubes, with one fluid flowing through the tubes and another fluid flowing over the tubes to facilitate heat transfer. There are several types of heat exchangers that vary in their design and construction, but all aim to efficiently transfer heat from one fluid to another.
This presentation is on shell and tube heat exchanger in which its design parameters and its troubleshooting conditions designed for better understanding and learning of all
This presentation summarizes heat exchangers, specifically double pipe heat exchangers and shell and tube heat exchangers. It provides an overview of how heat exchangers work and the key components of double pipe and shell and tube heat exchangers. Advantages of double pipe heat exchangers include their simple construction and ability to handle small heat transfer areas. Shell and tube heat exchangers are more complex but allow for greater heat transfer capacity and easier tube maintenance compared to double pipe heat exchangers.
Type of heat exchanger. Which is mainly used in food industries, like dairy plant, for the pasturization, heat treatment of the beavrages or liquid raw material.
Heat exchangers transfer heat from one medium to another and come in many designs. Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of tubes bundled together within a shell and are commonly used for high pressure and temperature applications. Plate heat exchangers use thin, stacked plates to transfer heat efficiently in a compact space. Selection of the appropriate heat exchanger design considers factors like pressure limits, thermal performance, materials, and cost. Heat exchangers play an important role in many industrial processes like ammonia production.
A heat exchanger transfers heat between two or more fluids. There are four main types classified by fluid flow: countercurrent, cocurrent, crossflow, and hybrids. Heat exchangers are also classified by construction: recuperative have separate fluid paths while regenerative use a single path. Common construction types include shell and tube, plate, and pipe in pipe. Shell and tube designs use a bundle of tubes to efficiently transfer heat. Plate heat exchangers use corrugated plates to maximize surface area. Pipe in pipe is a simple double pipe design.
1. A heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat between two or more fluids (liquid or gas), which are at different temperatures. Common types are shell and tube, plate, and double pipe (or hairpin) heat exchangers.
2. Heat exchangers can be classified based on their flow configuration (countercurrent, cocurrent, crossflow) or construction (recuperative, regenerative). Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of tubes bundled inside a shell. Plate heat exchangers use corrugated plates to create flow paths.
3. Heat is transferred between fluids via conduction, convection, and thermal radiation. The rate of conductive heat transfer depends on surface area,
TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS-HEAT TRANSFER -CO-CURRENTNITIN ASNANI
A heat exchanger transfers heat between two or more fluids. There are four main types classified by fluid flow: countercurrent, cocurrent, crossflow, and hybrids. Heat exchangers are also classified by construction: recuperative have separate fluid paths while regenerative use a single path. Common construction types include shell and tube, plate, and pipe in pipe. Shell and tube designs use a bundle of tubes to efficiently transfer heat. Plate heat exchangers use corrugated plates to maximize surface area. Pipe in pipe is a simple double pipe design.
Heat Exchangers, Its types and classifications. functioning of each typejeevanprasad8
Heat Exchangers, Its types and classification of heat exchangers. functioning of each type of heat exchangers. counter flow, cross flow, Multiple cross flow heat exchangers. Regenerative and recupurative heat exchangers. Tubular and plate type heat exchangers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
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This document discusses different types of modern heat exchangers, including shell and tube, plate, spiral, plate and shell, plate fin, and microchannel heat exchangers. It describes the basic components and functions of shell and tube heat exchangers. It also outlines key advantages and disadvantages of different heat exchanger types, such as their operating pressures and temperatures, efficiency, size, maintenance requirements, and materials. The document emphasizes that heat exchanger design must optimize minimizing pressure drop, maximizing thermal performance, and minimizing entropy generation.
Heat exchangers are devices used to transfer heat between fluids. They transfer heat from outgoing vapors and liquids to incoming fluids to reduce fuel consumption. Common applications include heating, cooling, power generation, and industrial processes. The main types are double pipe, shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, and spiral heat exchangers. Double pipe exchangers have one pipe inside another but low efficiency. Shell and tube exchangers use bundles of tubes in a shell and are robust for high pressures. Plate exchangers use parallel plates for compactness while spiral exchangers use coiled tubes. Selection depends on parameters like pressure, temperature, and space.
This document discusses heat exchangers, including their definition, types, selection factors, and applications. It describes four main types of heat exchangers: double pipe, shell and tube, plate, and condensers/evaporators/boilers. Shell and tube heat exchangers are the most commonly used in industry due to their large surface area and ability to operate at high temperatures and pressures. Selection of a heat exchanger depends on factors like the required heat transfer rate, cost, size/weight, types of fluids involved, and materials. Heat exchangers have various applications in industries like oil refining, steam generation, cooling processes, food processing, and power plants.
IRJET- Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat ExchangersIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the design and performance of shell and tube heat exchangers. It discusses the components of shell and tube heat exchangers including tubes, tube sheets, baffles, and nozzles. It also describes three common types of shell and tube exchangers: fixed tube sheet, U-tube, and floating head. The document then analyzes the performance of a shell and tube heat exchanger model made of brass with and without baffles using structural and thermal simulations. The results show that heat transfer rate and stresses are lower for the model with baffles compared to without baffles. Brass is also found to have lower stresses than other materials like carbon steel and stainless steel.
This document discusses heat exchangers, specifically double pipe and shell and tube heat exchangers. It defines heat exchangers as devices used to transfer heat between fluids or between fluids and solids. It then describes the basic construction and working principles of double pipe heat exchangers, including their applications in areas like aircraft and commercial uses. The document also briefly introduces shell and tube heat exchangers.
This document provides information on different types of heat exchangers:
- Multiple pass heat exchangers allow fluids to pass each other more than once using U-bend tubes or shell-side baffles, improving heat transfer.
- Plate heat exchangers use corrugated metal plates separated by gaskets to transfer heat between fluids in alternating channels. They are compact and efficient.
- Scraped surface heat exchangers have an internal rotating cylinder fitted with blades that continuously scrape the heating surface, used for viscous fluids.
- Double pipe heat exchangers consist of two concentric pipes for countercurrent flow, used in boilers, coolers, condensers and evaporators.
Heat exchangers are devices that transfer thermal energy between two or more fluids at different temperatures. The document discusses several types of heat exchangers including shell and tube, plate, air cooled, and spiral. It covers their basic designs, components, functions, applications, maintenance requirements, and classifications such as counterflow or parallel flow configurations. Selection of heat exchangers depends on factors like pressure limits, temperature ranges, cost, and materials.
Heat exchangers are devices that transfer thermal energy between two or more fluids at different temperatures. The document discusses several types of heat exchangers including shell and tube, plate, air cooled, and spiral. It covers their basic designs, components, functions, applications, maintenance requirements, and classifications such as counterflow or parallel flow configurations. Selection of heat exchangers depends on factors like temperature ranges, pressure limits, flow capacities, and materials required.
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I am Dr. T.D. Shashikala, an Associate Professor in the Electronics and Communication Engineering Department at University BDT College of Engineering, Davanagere, Karnataka. I have been teaching here since 1997. I prepared this manual for the VTU MTech course in Digital Communication and Networking, focusing on the Advanced Digital Signal Processing Lab (22LDN12). Based on, 1.Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications by John G. Proakis and Dimitris G. Manolakis, Discrete-Time Signal Processing by Alan V. Oppenheim and Ronald W. Schafer, 3.Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Guide for Engineers and Scientists" by Steven W. Smith. 4.Understanding Digital Signal Processing by Richard G. Lyons. 5.Wavelet Transforms and Time-Frequency Signal Analysis" by Lokenath Debnath . 6. MathWorks (MATLAB) - MATLAB Documentation
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PERMEABLE PAVEMENT IN ...Fady M. A Hassouna
Permeable pavement is considered one of the sustainable management
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stormwater, ground water pollution, and traffic safety. In this study, the economic
feasibility, vehicle operation, and environmental implications of implementing permeable
pavement in Nablus, Palestine have been determined by selecting the local roadways that
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environmental implications such as the expected increase in the amount of ground water
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The Control of Relative Humidity & Moisture Content in The AirAshraf Ismail
To many of us Relative Humidity (RH%) & Moisture Content (g/ kg) are confusing terms & we often don't know which one of them to choose in order to highlight our "Humidity" issues!
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2. WHAT IS EXCHANGER
It is a heat exchange equipment that allows
exchange of heat between hot and cold process
streams.
Example:
a) Intercooler and preheaters.
b) Condensers and boilers.
c) Regenerators.
d) Automobile radiators etc.
3. •Heat exchangers are one of the most common
pieces of equipment found in all plants.
•Heat Exchangers are components that allow the
transfer of heat from one fluid (liquid or gas) to
another fluid.
•In a heat exchanger there is no direct contact
between the two fluids. The heat is transferred
from the hot fluid to the metal isolating the two
fluids and then to the cooler fluid.
4. TYPES
According to nature of heat exchange process.
1. Direct contact heat exchanger: e.g. Cooling tower, jet
condenser, etc.
2. Indirect contact heat exchanger: e.g. Regenerators,
Surface exchangers, etc.
According to relative direction of fluid motion.
1. Parallel flow
2. Counter flow
3. Cross flow
5. ACC. TO DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURE
Double pipe heat exchanger.
Shell and tubes heat exchanger.
Plate type heat exchanger.
Spiral heat exchanger.
Kettle reboiler heat exchanger.
U -Tube heat exchanger
8. DOUBLE PIPE
It is the simplest type of heat exchanger used in
industry
These heat exchangers are cheap for both
design and maintenance, making them a good
choice for small industries.
In this exchanger, one of the fluid flows through
the inside pipe and another fluid flow flows
through the annular space created between tow
concentric pipes either in parallel or counter-
current fashion.
10. This is usually employed for decreasing the
temperature of a hot fluid with help of a cold fluid
when flow rates are low.
These are commonly used in refrigeration
services.
These exchanger are usually assembled in
effective lengths of 3.65m,4.57m,6m.
The distance in each leg over which the heat
transfer occurs is termed as the effective length.
11. ADVANTAGES
Very simple to construct·
Very easy of operation.
Apart from this, the double pipe heat
exchanger is very attractive where the total
heat transfer surface required is small.
This is simple in construction, cheap and
easy to clean.
12. DISADVANTAGES
Small heat transfer surface in large floor
space as compared to other type(e.g. shell
and tube type heat exchanger).
Dismantling etc, require large time.
Maximum leakage points.
15. Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers are the most
important type of HE.
It is used in almost every type of industry.
For variety of industrial services where large heat
transfer surface are require, shell and tube heat
exchanger is used.
This type of heat exchanger consists of a set of tubes
in a container called a shell.
The fluid flowing inside the tubes is called the tube
side fluid and the fluid flowing on the outside of the
tubes is the shell side fluid.
16. A shell and tube heat exchanger consists of a
number of parallel tubes, ends of which are
mounted in the tube sheet and the entire tube
bundle is enclosed in a close fitting cylindrical shell.
In this exchanger, one fluid flows through the tubes
and is called as the tube side fluid; while the other
fluid flows through the outside of the tube is called
as the shell side fluid.
Two fluids are in thermal contact but are physically
separated by a metal wall of the tubes.
18. HEAT-EXCHANGER TERMS
shell: It is usually cylindrical through which
one of the fluid flows in one or more passes,
commonly made of carbon shell. It may be
cut to the required length from a standard
pipe up to 60cm dia. having thickness of
shell made of carbon steel varies from 5mm
to 11mm depending upon the diameter.
Tubes: Tubes may be of various lengths and
sizes. The outside diameter of tubes vary
from 6mm to 40mm and 19mm to 25mm
are common.
20. Tie rods: Tie rods and spacers are used
for two reasons: 1) hold the baffle assembly
together; and 2) maintain the selected baffle
spacing. Tie rod are fixed at one end in the
sheet by making blind holes. Usually, 4 to 6 tie
rods with atleast 10mm diameter are
necessary
Tube sheet: It is essentially a flat circular with
a provision for making gasketed joint, around
the periphery. A large number of holes are
drilled in the tube sheet according to the pitch
requirements, thickness ranges from 6mm to
25.4mm for tube outside dia. of 6mm to
40mm.
21. Tube pitch: The shortest centre
to centre distance between the
adjacent tubes is called as tube
pitch.
Clearance: The shortest distance
between two tubes is called the
clearance.
The square layouts are
required where it is necessary
to get at the tube surface for
mechanical cleaning. The
triangular arrangement allows
more tubes in a given space.
22. Baffles: Are installed on the shell
side to give a higher heat-transfer
rate due to increased turbulence and
to support the tubes thus reducing
the chance of damage due to
vibration. There are a number of
different baffle types, which support
the tubes and promote flow across
the tubes. Fig shows the following
baffle arrangements:
Single Segmental (this is the most
common),
Double Segmental (this is used to
obtain a lower shell side velocity and
pressure drop),
Disc and Doughnut.
23. Shell side and Tube side passes: with the help of passes, we
can change the direction of flow in the shell and tubes. Passes
are generally used to obtain higher velocities and longer paths for
a fluid to travel, without increasing the length of a exchanger, that
leads to high heat transfer rates.
The passes on shell side are : single pass, two pass,
single split pass. The passes on the tube side are: one, two, four,
six up to twelve. passes on the tube side are formed by partitions
placed in the shell cover and channels.
When we use a single pass partition on the tube side,
a tube side fluid flows twice through a heat exchanger. In this
case, the pass partition divides the tubes equally in two sections.
Multipass construction decreases the cross section of
the fluid path that increases the fluid velocity which in turn
increases the heat transfer coefficient.
25. ADVANTAGES
Less costly than removable bundle heat
exchangers.
Provides maximum heat transfer surface per given
shell and tube size.
Provides multi-tube-pass arrangements.
High surface per given shell and tube size.
Capable of withstanding thermal shock
26. DISADVANTAGES
Shell side can be cleaned only by chemical
means.
Shell side fluids limited to nonvolatile
and/or non-toxic fluids. i.e. lube oils. hydraulic
oils.
Tube side arrangements limited to one or two
passes.
Tubes expand as a group. not individually.