Over the last years, there has been growing interest in applying new technologies to improve the heat transfer from the various heat sources such as geothermal energy, power plants, diesel engines, automobiles and other industrial heat-generating process. The heat transfer enhancement by means of extended surface type heat exchanger is well established technology and at present being adopted by most of the waste heat recovery system. Different types of heat transfer enhancement techniques using fins are available in extended surface type heat exchanger but each of this technique having different heat transfer enhancement ratio. Different researchers have analyzed the effect of fin geometry and combination of fins on heat transfer enhancement technique. In present research, find out the effect of fins on heat transfer augmentation or heat transfer coefficient for extracting heat from various waste heat sources.
1 ijebm jan-2018-1-combustion adjustment in a naturalAI Publications
Shortage of detailed and accurate experimental data on fuel-air mixing in furnaces is due to the difficulty and complexity of measurements in flames. Although it may be possible with infra-Red camera to obtain an indication of what happens in the furnace by graphical image resolution this is not expected to be sufficiently detailed because it contains only the temperature gradient. More detailed information, however, may be obtained from the simulated resolution using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique where the total number of elements/points defines the detailed level that can be displayed or captured in graphical image. Simulation resolution studies two aspects of the momentum effects on flame which are the forward momentum normally associated with the average outlet velocity of the combustion products and the lateral momentum caused by swirl. Following the American Petroleum Institute guidelines (API 560) for combustion adjustment in furnaces, it may be possible to have less emission and a maximum efficiency, but the potential interaction between the several operation and design factors are not thereby considered as in a mathematical model of CFD.
Computational Analysis of Heat sink or Extended SurfaceIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the computational analysis of heat sinks using finite element analysis. Heat sinks with different fin configurations were modeled and analyzed using ANSYS Fluent software to evaluate heat transfer characteristics. The results were validated by comparing with previous studies and analytical solutions. Key findings include that increasing the number of fins and base-to-ambient temperature difference leads to higher convective heat transfer. An optimum fin spacing was identified that balances heat transfer and pressure drop, and this agreed with results from other studies. In conclusion, finite element analysis was found to be an effective method for evaluating heat transfer in heat sinks with different parameters.
Experimental and Modeling Dynamic Study of the Indirect Solar Water Heater: A...IJAAS Team
The document presents an experimental and theoretical study of an indirect solar water heater system in Rabat, Morocco. A theoretical dynamic multi-node model is proposed and validated experimentally. The system includes a 1.91 m2 flat plate collector and 300 L storage tank that heats water solely with solar energy. Experimental data was collected over sunny and cloudy days and showed good agreement with the model, with average deviations of 2-5% for water temperature and 4-9% for useful energy. The thermal efficiency was also determined experimentally and theoretically, agreeing well with industry standards.
IRJET-Study of Space Cooling System Consisting of Aluminium Ammonia Heat Pipe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on an active space cooling system consisting of an aluminum-ammonia heat pipe and a variable emittance radiator with micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) louvers. The system uses a loop heat pipe to transfer heat from an evaporator to a condenser, where a variable emittance radiator rejects heat to space. A fuzzy logic controller adapts the radiator's emittance by adjusting the number of open MEMS louvers. Simulation results show the controller improves thermal control and ensures safe operation of the heat pipe cooling system.
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzed heat transfer in an economizer using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It discussed how fins can be added to economizer tubes to increase the heat transfer surface area between flue gases and boiler feedwater. The document reviewed previous research on economizer design optimization and failures. It described the working of CFD analysis using equations of continuity, momentum, and energy to model fluid flow. The study used the k-ε turbulence model in CFD software to analyze heat transfer with and without fins on an economizer.
IRJET- CFD Analysis of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger with and with out DimplesIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of a double pipe heat exchanger with and without dimples using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). CFD simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent to model the heat transfer of water through double pipe exchangers with and without dimples on the inner pipe. The results showed that the heat exchanger with dimples had higher heat transfer and lower outlet temperatures compared to the exchanger without dimples. Therefore, the addition of dimples enhances the heat transfer performance of double pipe heat exchangers.
Pinch analysis technique to optimize heat exchangerK Vivek Varkey
This document summarizes a student project applying pinch analysis to optimize the heat exchanger network (HEN) for a CFU unit at an ONGC Hazira plant. The student calculated heat duties for 5 heat exchangers and determined the minimum hot and cold utility requirements. By drawing temperature interval diagrams, the student designed an optimized HEN that couples process streams to maximize heat exchange and minimize utility needs. The optimized design was found to reduce heating utility needs by 83.4% and cooling needs by 33.8% compared to the current design.
Photovoltaic (PV) cell from solar energy is one of the most widely adopted renewable energy source and commercially available system that can be used in various applications. More appealing application of PV arrays used in thermoelectric (TE) device was it can convert solar thermal energy from temperature difference into electric energy to act as power generators. In this study, a theoretical model is developed by using conducting steady state energy analysis of a PVT-TE air collector. The matrix inversion method is used to obtain energy balance equation. The effect of various parameters also investigated. The mass flow rate of range 0.01 kg/s to 0.05 kg/s and solar intensity of 400 W/m2, 600 W/m2 and 800 W/m2 was used to obtain outlet temperature, To in the range about 28.9oC to 43.7oC and PV temperature, Tp about 35.3oC to 60oC.
Scope of Improving Energy Utilization in Coal Based Co-Generation on Thermal ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Thermodynamic modeling and Exergy Analysis of Gas Turbine Cycle for Different...IJPEDS-IAES
In this study an exergy analysis of 88.71 MW 13D2 gas turbine (GT) topping
cycle is carried out. Exergy analysis based on second law was applied to the
gas cycle and individual components through a modeling approach. The
analysis shows that the highest exergy destruction occurs in the combustion
chamber (CC). In addition, the effects of the gas turbine load and
performance variations with ambient temperature, compression ratio and
turbine inlet temperature (TIT) are investigated to analyse the change in
system behavior. The analysis shows that the gas turbine is significantly
affected by the ambient temperature and with increase there is decrease in
GT power output. The results of the load variation of the gas turbine show
that a reduction in gas turbine load results in a decrease in the exergy
efficiency of the cycle as well as all the components. The compressor has the
largest exergy efficiency of 92.84% compared to the other component of the
GT and combustion chamber is the highest source of exergy destruction of
109.89 MW at 100 % load condition. With increase in ambient temperature
both exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency decreases.
This document reports on analyses and experimentation conducted on a Quadrafire Classic Bay 1200 pellet stove to increase its efficiency and reduce emissions. The researchers have developed a theoretical model that characterizes the stove's heating output as a continuous function of distance along the heat exchanger, accounting for both convection and radiation heat transfer. Their experiments involved upgrading instrumentation to directly measure airflow rates and temperatures, validating assumptions in the previous model. Key findings include radiation significantly influencing heat output and an air-rich firepot reaction that reduces combustion efficiency. The updated model and experiments provide a foundation for redesigning the stove.
Performance prediction of a thermal system using Artificial Neural NetworksIJERD Editor
This document summarizes a study on using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the performance of a condenser system and assess fouling over time. Experiments were conducted on an industrial condenser to collect temperature and flow rate data. An ANN model was developed and trained to predict the overall heat transfer coefficient of the clean condenser system based on the input parameters. The model was then used to calculate the fouling factor by comparing the predicted clean performance to the actual performance measured over time, indicating degradation due to fouling on the heat transfer surfaces. The developed system provides a method to monitor condenser performance and identify when cleaning is needed to improve efficiency.
IRJET-To Investigate the effect of Spinner Geometry on COP of Vortex Tube Ref...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates how changing the geometry of the spinner inside a vortex tube affects its coefficient of performance (COP) for refrigeration. The paper describes how a vortex tube works by separating compressed air into hot and cold streams. It then discusses changing the angle of the spinner notches within the vortex tube from 25 to 45 degrees and using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to analyze how this affects temperatures and COP. The document reviews previous literature on vortex tube experiments and analysis, and describes the methodology of using CAD software to model different spinner angles and CFD to simulate flow, temperature, and pressure within the vortex tube.
This document discusses numerical simulation of a thermoacoustic engine (TAE). It begins by providing background on TAEs and previous simulation work. It then describes the methodology used, which involves CFD simulation of a standing wave TAE with a stack of horizontal plates as the regenerator. The study assesses pressure wave development and analyzes the sensitivity to temperature gradient at the stack and resonator length. Preliminary results show higher temperature gradients produce higher pressure amplitudes and earlier wave development, while medium resonator lengths provide both high amplitude and faster initiation compared to very short or long lengths.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER FROM PLATE FIN ARRAY IN MIXED CONVECTION ...ijiert bestjournal
The document presents an experimental study on mixed convection heat transfer from plate fin arrays. Experiments were conducted on 9 plate fins attached to a 150mm by 150mm aluminum base plate. Temperature measurements were taken at varying fan velocities and input powers to determine heat transfer coefficients and relationships between parameters like Nusselt number, Reynolds number, and Grashof number. Key findings included that plate fins provided better heat transfer performance than solid pins, and the dimensionless parameter Gr/Re2 could be used to identify the mixed convection heat transfer region.
Haitao Hu - NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - POMPE DI CALORE ...Centro Studi Galileo
The document summarizes research analyzing the performance and economics of a heat pump system using R744 (CO2) refrigerant with an ambient air-cooled gas cooler and ground heat exchanger under different climatic conditions. A mathematical model was developed and validated. The analysis found that coupling the gas cooler and ground heat exchanger in alternating operation can eliminate earth energy imbalance, lower costs, and improve performance compared to traditional ground source heat pump systems. Adjusting the proportion of air cooling load, indoor temperature, and other factors can optimize the system for different climate conditions.
Natural convection heat transfer flow visualization of perforated fin arrays ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The present paper reports, the validation of results of modeling and simulation in CFD by experiment on the fluid flow and heat
transfer characteristics of a fin arrays with lateral circular perforation and its external dimensionally equivalent solid fin arrays
equipped on horizontal flat surface a problem of natural convection. The simulation is carried out using the fluid flow (CFX)
workbench of ANSYS 12.0. In this study, results shows that formation of the stagnant layer around the solid fin array which slowdowns
the heat dissipation rate. Increase in the fluid flow movement around the fin results increase in the heat dissipation rate. It can
be achieved by adding perforation to the fins. Natural convection is a buoyancy driven phenomenon; the state of the art of CFX was
used to carry the study of fluid flow separation and velocity field over a fin array. New designed perforated fins have an improvement
in average Nusselt number, over its external dimensionally equivalent solid fin arrays.
Keywords: CFD simulation, perforated fins, Natural convection, Heat sink, Nusselt number, Flow Visualization
1) The document discusses shell and tube heat exchangers and provides calculations for their basic design.
2) It defines key terms like Btu, calorie, joule, watt, temperature scales, pressure units, and specific heat.
3) The main heat exchanger equation is presented along with the process for designing a heat exchanger through an iterative approach to calculate the required heat transfer area.
This document provides guidance on the design and rating of shell and tube heat exchangers. It discusses fundamentals of heat transfer calculations and selection of appropriate heat transfer models. Key considerations in the thermal design of shell and tube heat exchangers include process parameters, mechanical design factors such as tube dimensions and layout, and selection of heat transfer correlations. Software tools can help optimize the design but require experience to achieve practical designs.
Evaluating mathematical heat transfer effectiveness equations using cfd techn...aeijjournal
Mathematical heat transfer equations for finned double pipe heat exchangers based on experimental work carried out in the 1970s can be programmed in a spreadsheet for repetitive use. Thus avoiding CFD analysis which can be time consuming and costly. However, it is important that such mathematical equations be evaluated for their accuracy. This paper uses CFD methods in evaluating the accuracy of mathematical equations. Several models were created with varying; geometry, flue gas entry temperature,
and flow rates. The analysis should provide designers and manufacturers a judgment on the expected level
of accuracy when using mathematical modelling methodology. This paper simultaneously identifies best
practices in carrying out such CFD analysis
This document provides an overview of 5 major companies in the Indian power sector: NHPC, NTPC, Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC), TATA Power, and Reliance Infrastructure. It includes details on their establishment dates, ownership structure, installed capacities, financial metrics like return on assets, return on capital employed, and net profit margins. Key facts are presented on each company's operations, assets, profitability, and leadership. Financial comparisons show ROCE, ROTA, and profit margins for the 5 companies.
1. The document describes the design and construction of an apparatus using accelerometers to demonstrate centripetal force and acceleration in a teaching laboratory.
2. Two accelerometers were mounted on a rotating platform connected to an ARM microcontroller and LCD display to measure acceleration, angular velocity, and centripetal force.
3. Experimental results showed it is possible to use accelerometers to accurately measure centripetal acceleration and calculate relevant variables. However, a classical mass-spring setup may provide a more visual teaching tool.
STEGSIGN: A DIGITAL IMAGE AUTHENTICATION MODEL USING STEGANOGRAPHY AND AES EN...Journal For Research
Nowadays people use social networking websites like WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram to share their life moments and events via images and videos. These popular Social apps also present many risks. At present, these social networking websites are not bound by stringent privacy and copyright laws. Images once shared on such networks can be easily downloaded by miscreants. Recently there have been several reports of private pictures of people being shared and spread in such sites. Currently tracking such photos is a hideous task. Validation of the ownership of these images is practically impossible due to high degree of replication. The authorities would have to check the server logs to find out the culprits in such cases. This paper proposes a digital image encryption system based on Steganography (using LSB 1 bit technique) combined with AES encryption. Using this technique, secret data related to the owner of the image and other users who handle the image gets embedded within the image without affecting the visual quality of the image. These details can only be retrieved by authorized party, by decoding the image. Experimental details prove that the visual quality of the images is not affected even after repeatedly encoding the image.
SIMILARITY MEASURES FOR RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS: A COMPARATIVE STUDYJournal For Research
Recommender Systems have the ability to guide the users in a personalized way to interesting items in a large space of possible options. They have fundamental applications in e-commerce and information retrieval, providing suggestion that prune large information spaces so that users are directed towards those items that best meets the needs and preferences. A variety of approaches have been proposed but collaborative filtering has been the most popular and widely used which makes use of various similarity measures to calculate the similarity. Collaborative Filtering takes the user feedback in the form of ratings in an application area and uses it to find similarities and differences between user profiles to generate recommendations. Collaborative Filtering makes use of various similarity measures to calculate the similarity or difference between the users. This paper provides an overview on few important similarity measures that are currently being used. Different similarity measures provide different results against same input parameters. So, to understand how various similarity measures behave when they are put in different contexts but with same input, few observations are made. This paper also provides a comparison graph to help understand the results of different similarity measures.
It’s not all memory, of course. To power your way through your exams, you need to know how to study. That’s something else your teacher never bother teaching. Although they’re not, strictly speaking, mind power techniques, they’ll ensure you make most efficient use of your memory. Find out now.
The document describes research to improve the heat sink design for a server's Platform Controller Hub (PCH) to increase energy efficiency. Researchers created a digital model of the server and tested various heat sink designs using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The existing extruded fin heat sink was replaced with a cross-cut fin design, which reduced the maximum PCH temperature by 4°C compared to the original design according to CFD and experimental results. This temperature reduction improves the server's overall energy efficiency.
Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Cylinder Fins of Varying Ge...IOSR Journals
: The main aim of the project is to analyze the thermal properties by varying geometry, material and
thickness of cylinder fins. Parametric models of cylinder with fins have been developed to predict the transient
thermal behavior. The models are created by varying the geometry, rectangular, circular and curved shaped
fins and also by varying thickness of the fins. The 3D modeling software used is Pro/Engineer.The analysis is
done using ANSYS. Presently Material used for manufacturing cylinder fin body is Aluminum Alloy 204 which
has thermal conductivity of 110-150W/mk. We are analyzing the cylinder fins using this material and also using
Aluminum alloy 6061 and Magnesium alloy which have higher thermal conductivities.
CHURN ANALYSIS AND PLAN RECOMMENDATION FOR TELECOM OPERATORSJournal For Research
This document summarizes research on customer churn prediction and retention strategies in the telecommunications industry. It provides an abstract for a research paper on using a hybrid machine learning classifier and rule engine to predict customer churn and recommend retention plans. The document then reviews related work applying techniques like fuzzy logic, ordinal regression, artificial neural networks, and ensemble methods to predict churn. It outlines the problem of predicting churn and proposing recommendation rules. The proposed solution is a hybrid machine learning model to predict churn with high accuracy and explain reasons for churn to help recommend plans to retain customers.
Computational analysis of heat transfer through four-stroke S. I. engine finsijsrd.com
This document summarizes a computational analysis of heat transfer through the fins of a four-stroke spark ignition engine. The analysis numerically models and compares heat transfer from the engine cylinder with straight fins versus wavy fins. The engine cylinder is initially heated to 500°C and cooling rates are analyzed at wind velocities from 60-100 km/hr using computational fluid dynamics software. Results show that heat release is higher for the cylinder with wavy fins compared to straight fins at all wind velocities due to increased turbulence and heat transfer. The maximum heat release occurs at around 80 km/hr; higher velocities result in lower heat transfer due to reduced contact time between the air and fins. In conclusion, wavy fins provide better cooling efficiency for engines,
Nowadays vehicles are important in our day to day life. Our transportation methods mainly depend on vehicles, as per the need increases the care for the vehicle also increases, but in this busy life we fail to give much attention to the vehicle. This results in the major mechanical problems in the vehicle. Due to the busy schedule, people fail to give servicing to the car at the proper time. People forget to check the battery voltage and engine temperature. To avoid such problems our system helps the user to take good care of his vehicle by monitoring the vehicle parameters like fuel level, engine temperature and battery voltage. It also checks whether the driver is drunk or not. It gives the servicing alerts to the driver.
This document discusses hydrolysis, beginning with its definition as the reaction of water with another chemical compound to form two or more products by ionizing the water molecule and splitting the other compound. It then provides examples of hydrolysis including the conversion of starch to glucose and saponification. The document goes on to explain the mechanism of hydrolysis where a molecule is cleaved into two parts by the addition of a water molecule, with one fragment gaining a hydrogen ion and the other a hydroxyl group. It also discusses different types of hydrolysis reactions and some common uses of hydrolysis like breaking down food, producing soap, and generating energy through the hydrolysis of ATP.
The diencephalon is the area surrounding the third ventricle of the brain. It contains several parts including the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus. The thalamus relays sensory information to the cortex and is involved in visual and auditory processing. The hypothalamus regulates autonomic functions and homeostasis through connections to the pituitary gland and autonomic nervous system. Lesions in the diencephalon can disrupt temperature regulation, appetite, water balance, and other homeostatic processes.
"Yoga & Respiratory Disorders" invited talk by Dr Ananda at the Bhopal Yoga f...Yogacharya AB Bhavanani
Yoga practices such as postures, breathing techniques, and meditation can benefit respiratory disorders in several ways. Slow yogic breathing maintains blood oxygenation without increasing ventilation and reduces sympathetic activation during hypoxia. Specific practices like kapalabhati and nadi shodhana pranayama improve lung function and respiratory muscle strength. Yoga techniques including neti kriya and chanting can help clear sinus passages and prevent infections. Research has found yoga therapy can significantly improve symptoms, lung function, and quality of life for patients with respiratory conditions like asthma and COPD when used as an adjunct to medical treatment.
Modeling and thermal analysis of heat sink with scales on fins cooled by natu...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
In day-to-day life, we come across many processes where we see the usage of heat exchangers. Some
examples where heat exchangers are extensively utilized are air conditioning plants, thermal power plants, food
processing plants etc. The basic requirement in these industries is to utilize the heat energy used in the heat
exchangers efficiently. This can be done either by developing new designs that are energy efficient or by
modifying the present designs in such a manner that they give better performance under the same working
conditions. Hence, heat exchangers that would provide more heat transfer at the minimum size and cost are
requirement of the present industries. Hence they use the various heat transfer technique for enhance the heat
transfer rate. In this paper review of research work in last decade on heat transfer enhancement.
ESTIMATION AND ANALYSIS OF CYCLE EFFICIENCY FOR SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER...IAEME Publication
Shell and tube Heat exchanger (STHE) is one of the most common and widely used energy transporter suited for domestic usages as well as industrial applications. In this paper, we consider shell and tube heat exchanger as a device with known input and output parameters. This work utilizes imperative design constraints like tube configuration, fluids, surface and temperature (constant magnitude) as input parameters and energetic cycle efficiency considered as desired output parameter depicting performance of the device. The model was trained and tested by proposed Genetic algorithm (GA) technique. This entire computational procedure is implemented in MATLAB platform.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
CFD Investigation of Compact Heat Exchanger Having Different Fins with Nanofl...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate heat transfer in a compact heat exchanger with different fin types and titanium dioxide nanofluid. It discusses past research on various techniques for enhancing heat transfer and reducing pressure losses in heat exchangers. The document then outlines the objectives, methodology, and potential implications of research using CFD and limited experimental data to develop new heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for plain, offset strip, and wavy fins, which are common in applications like cryogenics and aerospace. These new correlations could provide more accurate and broadly applicable insights for heat exchanger design compared to existing correlations.
Analysis of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger With Helical FinsIRJET Journal
This document analyzes a double pipe heat exchanger with helical fins through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It aims to study the flow and temperature fields inside the tubes for different helical fin angles. The geometry of the double pipe heat exchanger is modeled in CATIA V5 and meshed in Hypermesh. CFD simulations are performed in ANSYS Fluent to analyze the flow and temperature distributions for fin angles of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 degrees. The results determine that heat transfer rate and overall heat transfer coefficient increase with helical fins compared to a smooth tube, with fins providing additional surface area to enhance heat transfer.
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated heat transfer enhancement in rectangular fin arrays with circular perforations. The researchers measured heat transfer and other parameters for solid and perforated fins under varying flow conditions. For the perforated fins, they found enhancement in heat transfer compared to solid fins. Specifically, they tested parallel and cross fins made of aluminum with dimensions of 100mm by 60mm by 5mm thickness. Testing was done with air flow velocities from 3000-6000 Reynolds number. Temperature and other measurements were taken over time as heat was applied. Calculations were done to determine heat transfer coefficients, finding values of 233.3 W/m2-K for parallel fins and 242.58 W/m2-K for cross fins
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated heat transfer enhancement in rectangular fin arrays with circular perforations. The researchers measured heat transfer and other parameters for solid and perforated fins under varying flow conditions. For the perforated fins, they found enhancement in heat transfer compared to solid fins. Specifically, they tested parallel and cross fins made of aluminum with dimensions of 100mm by 60mm by 5mm thickness. Testing was done with air flow velocities from 3000-6000 Reynolds number. Results showed the heat transfer coefficient was higher for cross fins (242.58 W/m2-K) than parallel fins (233.30 W/m2-K), indicating roughness created by the cross-cut pattern improved heat transfer over the single
Numerical and Experimental Investigation Plane Fin with the Help of Passive A...iosrjce
As we know that fins are basically a extended surface which is use to increase the heat transfer rate,
this is basically a secondary surface mounted on primary surface to augment heat transfer from it . To dissipate
heat at faster rate, different heat transfer enhancement methods have been suggested in literature. Active and
passive heat transfer techniques are commonly employed for heat transfer augmentation in fluids.
Recent development in technology has led to demand for high performance lightweight, and compact heat
transfer equipment. To provide accommodation with this demand, finned surface are usually used to increase
rate of heat transfer. The excessive heat must be dissipated to the surrounding for smooth functioning of system.
This is more important in cooling of gas turbine blade, thermal power plants, air conditioning equipment and
electrical / electronic component. This component is getting more compacting size, which generates heat
continuously. This excessive heat will reduce the life of component. To overcome this problem there is need of
effective cooling system. Therefore now a day’s industries are utilizing thermal system such as ribs, fins, baffles
etc. The turbulence occurred due to these passive techniques are good enough to increase rate of heat transfer.
Our project is an extension in this direction to analysis the heat augmentation capacity of rectangular heat fin
array.
experimental investigation of heat transfer intensification of pin fins under...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Recent development era in technology has huge requirement of high performance lightweight, and compact heat transfer equipment. To accomplish this demand fins are widely used as effective elements for heat transfer enhancement. One of the commonly used heat exchanger fins is the pin fin which offers an economical and trouble free solution in many situations. This is more important in cooling of air conditioning equipment, thermal power plants, gas turbine blade, aerospace industry, combustion chamber liners, and biomedical devices, electrical and electronic component. Therefore now a day’s industries are utilizing thermal system with pin fins and analyse the various influencing parameters on performance of pin fin of different geometry under force convection. The turbulence occurred due to these techniques are good enough to enhance heat transfer rate. This article is focused on comprehensive review of work carried out in this technology.
A Review on Experimental and CFD Analysis for Heat Transfer Enhancement in He...IRJET Journal
This document reviews experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses that have evaluated methods to enhance heat transfer in heat exchanger tubes. Specifically, it focuses on the use of drilled twisted tape inserts of various geometries within the tubes. It provides background on heat exchangers and heat transfer enhancement techniques, including passive techniques like twisted tape inserts. The literature review summarizes several studies that have examined twisted tape inserts computationally or experimentally, finding that inserts can increase turbulence and heat transfer but also pressure drop. The present study aims to contribute additional CFD and experimental analysis of drilled twisted tape inserts of different dimensions to further understand their impact on heat transfer and fluid friction characteristics in heat exchanger tubes.
IRJET- Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Circular Pipe ...IRJET Journal
1. The document numerically investigates heat transfer enhancement in a circular pipe with various rib geometries, including flat, conical, and right angle ribs.
2. It uses computational fluid dynamics to model water flow through the pipe with Reynolds numbers from 5000 to 60000 and a constant heat flux of 50 W/cm2 applied to the pipe surface.
3. The results show that ribs on the inside of the pipe enhance turbulence in the flow and produce recirculation, disturbing the thermal boundary layer and increasing the rate of heat transfer through the pipe.
IRJET- Review of Convection and Magnetohydrodynamic Mixed Convection Heat Tra...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of recent research on enhancing heat transfer through convection and magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection. It discusses two main techniques: using extra surfaces like inserts to disrupt thermal boundary layers, and applying magnetic fields in magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection systems. The review summarizes several studies on each technique, finding that extra surfaces generally enhance heat transfer by inducing turbulence, while magnetic fields can both enhance and suppress heat transfer depending on parameters. It concludes that both techniques show promise for improving thermal efficiency and optimizing heat exchanger design.
Validation of Design Parameters of Radiator using Computational ToolIRJET Journal
This document discusses the validation of design parameters for automobile radiators using computational tools. It presents two case studies where the thermal performance of radiators is analyzed using the log mean temperature difference (LMTD) and number of transfer units (NTU) methods and the results are compared to those from a computational software tool (HXCombine). The results show good agreement between the manual calculations and software outputs, validating the use of computational tools for radiator design. Parameters like heat transfer rate, outlet temperatures, effectiveness and heat transfer area are compared for both case studies. This research demonstrates that computational tools can accurately analyze and design radiator performance.
This document summarizes a study that uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the flow and heat transfer characteristics of different elliptical pin fin heat sink configurations. The study aims to examine the effects of elliptical pin fin design parameters on heat sink performance. CFD simulations are conducted using ANSYS Fluent software to compute the thermal resistance, heat transfer coefficient, and surface Nusselt number of plate fin and elliptical pin fin heat sinks. Results show that the elliptical pin fin heat sink has better heat transfer performance than the plate fin heat sink. Simulation results for thermal resistance and pressure drop are validated against experimental data from previous studies.
Study of Heat Transfer rate using V-pin Fins by using CFD AnalysisIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze heat transfer rates from V-pin fins. The study aims to test different V-fin array models with varying included angles and determine the angle that provides the maximum heat transfer coefficient. The results will be validated against existing literature. CFD is used to obtain discrete solutions to the governing equations for fluid flow and heat transfer around the fin arrays to predict velocity, temperature and heat transfer rate.
Simulation and Optimization of Cooling Tubes of Transformer for Efficient Hea...IJAEMSJORNAL
This document describes a numerical simulation and optimization of cooling tubes in a distribution transformer to improve heat transfer efficiency. Five optimization cases are studied: 1) normal case without modifications, 2) implanting axial grooves and fins in cooling tubes, 3) adding a porous media inside tubes, 4) combining porous media with axial grooves and fins, and 5) inclining the cooling tubes. The simulation is performed using ANSYS Fluent to model fluid flow and heat transfer. The results are analyzed to determine the maximum hot spot temperatures and evaluate which case provides the most efficient cooling of the transformer core and windings.
Irjet v4 i12326Effect of External Threaded Inside Tube on Heat Transfer Rate ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of an internal threaded tube in a concentric tube heat exchanger to enhance heat transfer rates. It discusses how passive heat transfer augmentation techniques like threaded tubes can increase turbulence and disrupt boundary layers to improve heat transfer efficiency. The review analyzes previous studies that experimentally compared heat transfer performance and pressure drop between plain and threaded inner tubes. Results indicated that threaded tubes increased heat transfer coefficients and Reynolds numbers while potentially reducing fouling compared to plain tubes. Further experimentation and CFD simulation were proposed to validate theoretical predictions and determine the threaded tube design's feasibility for applications like radiators and air conditioners.
1) The document analyzes heat transfer in a double pipe heat exchanger with helical tape inserts in the annulus of the inner pipe using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
2) A 3D model is developed and simulations are run using the SST k-ω turbulent model to analyze how helical tape inserts influence heat transfer and pressure drop at different pitch lengths and Reynolds numbers.
3) The results show that helical tape inserts increase the heat transfer rate but also increase pressure drop due to flow disruption. Nusselt number and friction factor are found to correlate well with Reynolds number for enhancing heat transfer.
The document discusses heat transfer augmentation inside tubes using twisted tape inserts. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation was conducted using ANSYS FLUENT to analyze heat transfer with twisted tape inserts in a horizontal tube under forced convection with air flowing inside. The study analyzed the effects of tube with short-length twisted tape inserts at several tape length ratios on heat transfer, friction factor, and thermal enhancement factor characteristics through CFD. It was found that a tube with a short length twisted tape with a length ratio of 0.57 provided the best thermal enhancement factor of 1.032 for the Reynolds number range studied, and can thus be used for heat transfer augmentation.
Optimization of a Shell and Tube Condenser using Numerical MethodIJERA Editor
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Key Topics Covered:
Main Topic : VIEW
Sub-Topic :
View Definition, Advantages and disadvantages, View Creation Syntax, View creation based on single table, view creation based on multiple table, Deleting View and View the definition of view
Target Audience:
Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in RDBMS principles for academic and practical applications.
Previous Slides Link:
1. Data Integrity, Index, TAble Creation and maintenance https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/lecture_notes_unit4_chapter_8_9_10_rdbms-for-the-students-affiliated-by-alagappa-university/270123800
2. Sequences : https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/sequnces-lecture_notes_unit4_chapter11_sequence/270134792
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in database management.
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DESIGN, ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF HEAT EXTRACTION UNIT USING FINS
1. Journal for Research| Volume 02| Issue 03 | May 2016
ISSN: 2395-7549
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 20
Design, Analysis and Performance Investigation of
Heat Extraction Unit using Fins
Pragnesh D. Patel Uday V. Joshi
PG Student Professor
MGITER GEC, Surat
Abstract
Over the last years, there has been growing interest in applying new technologies to improve the heat transfer from the various
heat sources such as geothermal energy, power plants, diesel engines, automobiles and other industrial heat-generating process.
The heat transfer enhancement by means of extended surface type heat exchanger is well established technology and at present
being adopted by most of the waste heat recovery system. Different types of heat transfer enhancement techniques using fins are
available in extended surface type heat exchanger but each of this technique having different heat transfer enhancement ratio.
Different researchers have analyzed the effect of fin geometry and combination of fins on heat transfer enhancement technique.
In present research, find out the effect of fins on heat transfer augmentation or heat transfer coefficient for extracting heat from
various waste heat sources.
Keywords: CFD, Numerical modeling, Heat transfer, Finned heat exchanger
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
Heat transfer can be defined as the one type of process through which energy transport takes place. It can be done when two
physical bodies were at different temperatures than transfer of thermal energy is known as heat transfer and it is continuously
until the thermal equilibrium takes place. Thus, heat is always spontaneously flows from a hot material to cold one. The basic
principle of heat transfer obeys second law of thermodynamics.
Heat transfer in pipe flow is widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, chemical, power and petrochemical industries etc.
Different researchers used various types of augmentation technique to enhance the single phase convection heat transfer of pipe
flow. A great number of researchers has been made on different types of pipe flow enhanced technique. Major results of
enhancement study either numerical or experimental study types, are often expressed by friction increase ratio and heat transfer
enhancement ratio. The enhancement techniques are classified into passive and active methods.
It is a well-known fact that with the emerging worldwide crisis energy shortage is a major problem. So energy saving is our
major purpose of heat transfer enhancement study and whenever we have using any enhancement technique will introduce
additional pressure drop. To overcome that pressure drop we needs to extra pumping power. Therefore whenever we have using
this technique, we needs to very careful about pressure drop.
There are three methods are used for augmentation of heat transfer.
1) Active method: In this method some external power input is enhancement /augmentation of heat transfer. For example,
mechanical aids, surface vibration, electrostatic field, fluid vibration, etc. requires an external power to enhancing heat
transfer.
2) Passive method: For enhancing the heat transfer, in this method use of surface or geometrical modification are required. For
example, insert extra component, extended surface, rough surfaces, swirl flow device, coiled tubes, surface tension device
etc. and also additives for fluids requires to enhancing heat transfer.
3) Compound method: For enhancing the heat transfer, in this method combination of above two methods is used. For example,
twisted tape with wire coil, corrugated tube with twisted tape etc. to enhancing heat transfer. The passive and combination
method does not need any external power input for enhancing heat transfer rate.
Advantages of using those Techniques
- Reducing the size of heat exchanger
- Higher heat transfer efficiency.
- Reducing pumping power
- Savings of materials
- Reducing operating costs
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
1) M.Hatami et al. studied, “A review of different heat exchangers designs for increasing the diesel exhaust waste heat
recovery” in 2015 and they were discussed that how to recover of different type of waste heat from diesel engines. Some
2. Design, Analysis and Performance Investigation of Heat Extraction Unit using Fins
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 03 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 21
waste heat recovery technologies in india were thermoelectric generation, organic Rankine cycle, six stroke engines, turbo-
charging, exhaust gas recirculation, different types of engine heat exchangers. In this paper they have short review about
different technologies used by researchers. So finally they have concluded that the using of fin was more applicable than
foams and porous materials.
2) M. Hatami et al. studied, “Numerical study of finned type heat exchangers for ICEs exhaust waste heat recovery” in 2015
and modeled numerically the two types of heat exchangers which were used by recover the exhaust waste heat also they
have tried to find out the best viscous model. They were concluded that the RNG k-e model was best and Recovered heat
can be improved by increased fin length and fin numbers where maximum heat recovery occurs as high engine loads and
speed. They were studied the effects of sizes and numbers of fins on recovered heat at various engine loads and speeds also.
3) M. Hatami et al. studied, “Optimization of finned-tube heat exchangers for diesel exhaust waste heat recovery using CFD
and CCD techniques” in 2015 and optimized finned tube heat exchanger using response surface methodology and central
composite design (CCD). Based on CCD principle taking 15 HEX cases with different fins height, thickness and number
were modeled numerically. They were concluded that the height of fin was negative effect on pressure drop and thickness of
fin was positive effect on heat recovery. According to CCD technique, they generate best optimized case and created
desirability graph for optimized case in which desirability, fin thickness and fin heights were 0.826, 39.27 and 4.
III. METHODOLOGY OF WORK
Numerical Methodology of a Heat Extraction Unit
The commercial code ANSYS 15.0 is adopted to simulation of flow and heat transfer in a heat extraction unit. The numerical
simulation is performing with a three dimensional steady state turbulent flow system. To solve the problem, governing equations
for the flow and heat transfer are modified according to the conditions of the simulation set up. Because the problem is assumed
to be steady state, the time dependent properties are dropped out from the governing equations.
Governing Equation
The resulting equations are:
Continuity equation can be expressed as:
∂
∂xi
(ρui) = 0
Momentum equations can be expressed as:
∂
∂xi
(ρuiuk) =
∂
∂xi
(μ
∂uk
∂xi
) −
∂p
∂xk
Energy equation can be expressed as:
∂
∂xi
(ρuit) =
∂
∂xi
(
k
Cp
∂t
∂xi
)
Here to solve the problem renormalization-group (RNG) model is adopted because it is better results for near- wall flows and
flows with high streamline curvature
3. Design, Analysis and Performance Investigation of Heat Extraction Unit using Fins
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 03 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 22
Fig. 1: Steps ( design, mesh, boundary condition and solution) of the numerical modeling for heat exctraction unit in ANSYS 15.0.
Transport equations for RNG k𝜀 model in general form are:
Turbulent kinetic energy:
∂
∂x
(ρk) −
∂
∂xi
(ρkui) =
∂
∂xj
(αkμeff
∂k
∂xj
) + Gk + ρε
And turbulent energy dissipation:
∂
∂t
(ρε) +
∂
∂xi
(ρεui) =
∂
∂xj
(αkμeff
∂ε
∂xj
) + C1ε
ε
k
Gk − C2ερ
ε2
k
Where 𝐺 𝑘 represents the generation of turbulence kinetic energy due to the mean velocity gradients and,
μeff = μ + μt , μt = ρcμ
k2
ε
, C1ε = C1ε −
ἡ(1−
ἡ
ἡ0
)
1+βἡ3 , ἡ = (2EijEij)
1 2⁄ k
ε
and Eij =
1
2
[
∂ui
∂xj
+
∂uj
∂xi
]
4. Design, Analysis and Performance Investigation of Heat Extraction Unit using Fins
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 03 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 23
The empirical constants for the RNG k-e model are expressed as:
Cμ = 0.0845 , C1ε = 1.42 , C2ε = 1.68 , β = 0.012 , ἡ0 = 4.38 , αk = αε = 1.39.
The heat transfer rate when hot fluid is passing through the inner side of the tube or heat rejected by the by the hot fluid can be
expressed as,
Qh = ṁ hcp,h(Th,1 − Th,2)
Where 𝑚̇ ℎ is the mass flow rate of the hot fluid, 𝑐 𝑝,ℎ is the specific heat of the hot fluid and Th,1 and Th,2 are the inlet and outlet
temperatures of hot fluids.
Same the heat transfer rate or heat gained by the cold fluid for outer side can be expressed as,
Qc = ṁ ccp,c(Tc,2 − Tc,1)
Where 𝑚̇ 𝑐 is the mass flow rate of the cold fluid, 𝑐 𝑝,𝑐 is the specific heat of the cold fluid and Tc,2 and Tc,1 are the outlet and inlet
temperatures of cold fluids
The average heat transfer rate can be calculated by taking average heat transfer rate of hot and cold fluid,
Qavg =
Qw + Qc
2
Qavg is an average heat flux of heat extraction unit.
Table – 1
Temperature-dependent properties of exhaust gases
Exhaust gas properties 𝑨 + 𝑩 × 𝑻 + 𝑪 × 𝑻 𝟐
+ 𝑫 × 𝑻 𝟑
A B C D
𝝆 (kg/m3
) 2.5040122e+00 -5.958486188e−03 5.578942358e−06 −1.772600e−09
Cp(J/kg K) 1.0155809e+03 −1.512248401e−01 4.544870294e−04 −1.785063e−07
𝝁 (kg/m s) 1.3251869e−06 6.7400613700e−08 −3.74904357e−11 1.1100749e−14
k (W/m K) −3.182421e−03 1.1858478256e−04 −7.70600423e−08 2.9396539e−11
Table - 2
Thermal properties of fins and coolants materials
𝝆 (kg/m3
) Cp(J/kgk) 𝝁 (kg/ms) k (W/mk)
Water 998.2 4182 0.001003 0.6
Carbon steel 7858 486 - 52
Geometry, Mesh generation and Boundary condition
In the modeling of heat extraction unit, lengths of HEU are 70 cm with 12 cm inner diameter and 14 cm outer diameter while the
gas inlet and outlet diameters are considered 48 mm as shown in Fig. 1. Both inlet and outlet of the water pass are placed in the
upper surface of the HEX with a 2 cm diameter. Also the dimensions of fin are 39.27 cm length and 4 cm width. As described
before 15 cases of HEXs are modeled and their properties are presented in Table 1. The HEXs are considered well-insulated;
hence, the heat losses to the environment are totally neglected. As an approximation, the properties of air can be used for diesel
exhaust gas.
Due to high temperature in exhaust, temperature dependent properties are considered for exhaust gases and for each property,
a fourth order polynomial is plotted and its equation and coefficients are shown in Table 1. Also, all the solid phases (fins and
walls) are made from carbon steel with 3 mm thicknesses and water is the coolant and their properties are presented in Table 2.
The 3D grid system was established using the ANSYS 15.0 commercial software. In HEU, three separate domains or volumes
should be considered for gases, solid and liquid phases. In this grid systems with approximately 700,000 cells are adopted for
calculation of the whole heat extraction unit.
As described before, the commercial code ANSYS 15.0 is adopted to simulate the flow and heat transfer in the computational
domain. As reported by Patankar [5], the governing equations are discretized by the finite volume method [4]. The QUICK
scheme is used to discretize the convective terms and the SIMPLE algorithm is used to deal with the coupling between velocity
and pressure.
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
After modeling of the heat extraction unit, it is produced some graph in these section. Recorded data for the outlet temperatures
are completely presented in fig. 4.1 in different engine loads and water mass flow rate. It is evident that higher engine loads
make more outlet water temperature than the lower engine loads. Results of the outcomes in the numerical solution, in a different
engine loads ( 60%,40%,20%) and water mass flow rate of 0.0877 kg/s are compared with the experimental outcomes of M.
Hatami et al. results in below figure 2 for outlet water and exhaust gases temperatures.
5. Design, Analysis and Performance Investigation of Heat Extraction Unit using Fins
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 03 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 24
Fig. 2: Comparison among experimental values and CFD simulation
As seen in these figures, numerical and experimental outcomes are in good agreement which is confirmed by Fig. 4.4 through
percentage of the error for these parameters. The parameters considered are exhaust outlet temperature, water outlet temperature.
As seen, accuracy of numerical solution for both the exhaust and water outlet temperatures is about 5% which are acceptable due
to assumptions in the numerical solution or CFD simulation.
V. CONCLUSION
In this study, after this validation, average recovered heat is calculated and it should be cleared that the HEU has greater heat
recovery performance due to its more surface area of fins for heat transfer. Furthermore, maximum heat recovery is occurred in
the full load due to higher exhaust temperature in this engine operating condition compared to lowering one. It is evident that in
all situations recovered heat increases by increasing the engine load due to higher exhaust temperature which enhance the
exhaust heat recovery.
NOMENCLATURE
A Cross sectional area of heat extraction unit, m2
Ai Inside area of heat extraction unit, m2
Ao Outside area of heat extraction unit, m2
Cp,c Specific heat of cold fluid, kJ/kg.k
Cp,h Specific heat of hot fluid, kJ/kg.k
Di Inside Diameter, m
Do Outside diameter, m
h Heat transfer coefficient, w/m2.
k
hi Inside heat transfer coefficient, w/m2.
k
ho Outside heat transfer coefficient, w/m2.
k
k Thermal conductivity of the material, w/m.k
L Tube length, m
𝑚̇ Mass flow rate of fluid, kg/s
𝑚̇ 𝑐 Mass flow rate of cold fluid
𝑚̇ ℎ Mass flow rate of hot fluid
Nu Nusselt number
Q Amount of heat flux, w
q Heat flux, w/m2
T Temperature, °C
Tc Temperature of cold fluid, °C
Th Temperature of hot fluid, , °C
ΔT Temperature differences between the hot and cold fluid, k
U Overall heat transfer coefficient, V
6. Design, Analysis and Performance Investigation of Heat Extraction Unit using Fins
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 03 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 25
Greek symbols
𝜌 density ,kg/m3
𝑣 Kinematic Viscosity, m2/s
μ Dynamic viscosity, pa/s
∝ Helix angle
𝜃 Rib included angle
𝛿 Wall thickness
𝜂 Overall enhancement ratio
Abbreviations
HTC Heat transfer coefficient
HEU Heat Extraction Unit
WHR Waste heat recovery
Subscripts
c Cold fluid
h Hot fluid
i Inside
o Outside
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