IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Assessment of seismic damage of multistory structures using fragility curvesIJERA Editor
Performance-based design, PBD, is gaining popularity and its concept hasbeen applied in many international
seismic building codes. In this research, five real structures designed according to the Egyptian Building Code,
which does not consider PBD, are considered and modeled in a three dimensional way using the software
SeismoStruct in order to assess their performance under expected earthquakes. The structures are 2-story, 4-
story, 6-story, 8-story and 10-story reinforced concrete framed structures. The structural system of these
structures is of the moment-resisting frame type, with and without shear walls. The structures weredesigned
under dead, live and seismic forces of “Zone 3” with a design acceleration of 0.15g.The models were analyzed
using incremental dynamic analysis, IDA, considering 12 real records of historical earthquakes. IDA curves
were developed for all analyzed models, considering four damage states. Fragility curves were subsequently
developed to provide an overview of the expected seismic performance of a typical low or mid-rise multistory
reinforced concrete framed structure in Egypt as designed in accordance with thecurrent Egyptian Building
Code.
This document analyzes and discusses the connection designs of precast load bearing walls in multi-story buildings subjected to seismic and wind loads. It presents the modeling and analysis of a G+11 story precast concrete shear wall structure using ETABS software. The effects of various seismic zones and wind speeds on structural responses like out-of-plane moments, axial forces, shear forces, base shear, story drift, and tensile forces in the shear walls are extracted and plotted. Maximum values of these responses at different story levels are compared for different seismic zones and wind speeds. Finally, the effect of seismic zone and wind zone on the structural behavior is summarized in tabular form.
The document analyzes the blast resistance of structures through modeling and analysis. It studies a 12-story reinforced concrete building model subjected to different blast loads. Four different structural models are analyzed: conventional frame, increased member sizes, addition of corner shear walls, and addition of corner steel bracing. The models are analyzed under blast loads of 100kg and 300kg at standoff distances of 20m and 30m. Results show time periods and frequencies varying between the models, with the conventional frame having the highest time periods. Addition of shear walls reduces time periods the most. The study concludes variations could be analyzed for unsymmetrical structures.
Comparison of Seismic Behaviour of Multi Storey Reinforced concrete Structur...IJRAT
This document summarizes a study analyzing the seismic behavior of dual systems in a G+14 reinforced concrete building using different shear wall arrangements. Five models were analyzed: a bare frame; SMRF and shear walls at corners; SMRF and shear walls at the perimeter; flat slab and shear walls at corners; and flat slab and shear walls at the perimeter. Nonlinear static pushover analysis found that a flat slab and shear walls at corners configuration had the highest base shear and story shears. Story drift was lowest with a flat slab and shear wall combination. The bare frame model performed most poorly seismic zone V due to the lack of a lateral load resisting system. Overall, the dual systems considered provided life safety performance under seismic
This document summarizes a study on assessing the seismic safety of a district hospital building in Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The region experiences frequent earthquakes due to its location in a high seismic hazard zone. Most existing buildings are constructed from traditional materials and are not engineered for earthquake resistance. The study analyzes the district hospital, finding it is a typical two-story masonry structure built with lime and surkhi mortar. While some seismic safety features are present, structural integrity is reduced by using timber wall infill instead of masonry. The study aims to highlight the need for retrofitting existing buildings and improving construction practices to increase seismic safety in the region.
IRJET- A Review of Seismic Analysis of Shear Wall Optimization for Multi-...IRJET Journal
This document reviews seismic analysis of shear wall optimization in multi-storey buildings. It discusses different positions of shear walls, including at the middle, corners, and center of structures. Studies show shear walls improve structural performance under seismic loads by increasing stiffness and strength. Placing shear walls at the corners provides the highest reliability by minimizing drift, while a central location increases base shear and period. Properly designed and detailed shear walls improve earthquake resistance and are widely used in seismic regions.
Performance Based Evaluation of Shear Walled RCC Building by Pushover AnalysisIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Effect of Positioning and Configuration of Shear Walls on Seismic Performance...IRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the seismic performance of RC buildings with different shear wall configurations on both hilly and plain terrain.
2) Five building models are considered: without shear walls, with straight, L-shaped, T-shaped, and channel-shaped shear walls.
3) Response spectrum analysis is performed using ETABS software. Results for fundamental time period, base shear, and story displacements are compared between the models.
Assessment of seismic damage of multistory structures using fragility curvesIJERA Editor
Performance-based design, PBD, is gaining popularity and its concept hasbeen applied in many international
seismic building codes. In this research, five real structures designed according to the Egyptian Building Code,
which does not consider PBD, are considered and modeled in a three dimensional way using the software
SeismoStruct in order to assess their performance under expected earthquakes. The structures are 2-story, 4-
story, 6-story, 8-story and 10-story reinforced concrete framed structures. The structural system of these
structures is of the moment-resisting frame type, with and without shear walls. The structures weredesigned
under dead, live and seismic forces of “Zone 3” with a design acceleration of 0.15g.The models were analyzed
using incremental dynamic analysis, IDA, considering 12 real records of historical earthquakes. IDA curves
were developed for all analyzed models, considering four damage states. Fragility curves were subsequently
developed to provide an overview of the expected seismic performance of a typical low or mid-rise multistory
reinforced concrete framed structure in Egypt as designed in accordance with thecurrent Egyptian Building
Code.
This document analyzes and discusses the connection designs of precast load bearing walls in multi-story buildings subjected to seismic and wind loads. It presents the modeling and analysis of a G+11 story precast concrete shear wall structure using ETABS software. The effects of various seismic zones and wind speeds on structural responses like out-of-plane moments, axial forces, shear forces, base shear, story drift, and tensile forces in the shear walls are extracted and plotted. Maximum values of these responses at different story levels are compared for different seismic zones and wind speeds. Finally, the effect of seismic zone and wind zone on the structural behavior is summarized in tabular form.
The document analyzes the blast resistance of structures through modeling and analysis. It studies a 12-story reinforced concrete building model subjected to different blast loads. Four different structural models are analyzed: conventional frame, increased member sizes, addition of corner shear walls, and addition of corner steel bracing. The models are analyzed under blast loads of 100kg and 300kg at standoff distances of 20m and 30m. Results show time periods and frequencies varying between the models, with the conventional frame having the highest time periods. Addition of shear walls reduces time periods the most. The study concludes variations could be analyzed for unsymmetrical structures.
Comparison of Seismic Behaviour of Multi Storey Reinforced concrete Structur...IJRAT
This document summarizes a study analyzing the seismic behavior of dual systems in a G+14 reinforced concrete building using different shear wall arrangements. Five models were analyzed: a bare frame; SMRF and shear walls at corners; SMRF and shear walls at the perimeter; flat slab and shear walls at corners; and flat slab and shear walls at the perimeter. Nonlinear static pushover analysis found that a flat slab and shear walls at corners configuration had the highest base shear and story shears. Story drift was lowest with a flat slab and shear wall combination. The bare frame model performed most poorly seismic zone V due to the lack of a lateral load resisting system. Overall, the dual systems considered provided life safety performance under seismic
This document summarizes a study on assessing the seismic safety of a district hospital building in Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The region experiences frequent earthquakes due to its location in a high seismic hazard zone. Most existing buildings are constructed from traditional materials and are not engineered for earthquake resistance. The study analyzes the district hospital, finding it is a typical two-story masonry structure built with lime and surkhi mortar. While some seismic safety features are present, structural integrity is reduced by using timber wall infill instead of masonry. The study aims to highlight the need for retrofitting existing buildings and improving construction practices to increase seismic safety in the region.
IRJET- A Review of Seismic Analysis of Shear Wall Optimization for Multi-...IRJET Journal
This document reviews seismic analysis of shear wall optimization in multi-storey buildings. It discusses different positions of shear walls, including at the middle, corners, and center of structures. Studies show shear walls improve structural performance under seismic loads by increasing stiffness and strength. Placing shear walls at the corners provides the highest reliability by minimizing drift, while a central location increases base shear and period. Properly designed and detailed shear walls improve earthquake resistance and are widely used in seismic regions.
Performance Based Evaluation of Shear Walled RCC Building by Pushover AnalysisIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Effect of Positioning and Configuration of Shear Walls on Seismic Performance...IRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the seismic performance of RC buildings with different shear wall configurations on both hilly and plain terrain.
2) Five building models are considered: without shear walls, with straight, L-shaped, T-shaped, and channel-shaped shear walls.
3) Response spectrum analysis is performed using ETABS software. Results for fundamental time period, base shear, and story displacements are compared between the models.
Study on Concentric Steel Bracing at Soft Storey During EarthquakeIRJET Journal
This document studies the effect of adding concentric steel bracing at the soft storey of an 8-story building during an earthquake. A soft storey is the ground floor that is left open for parking. 8 building models are analyzed: a bare frame, fully infilled except the first storey, and models with X-bracing, inverted V-bracing, or different steel sections added at the soft storey. The analysis uses equivalent static analysis in Etabs software to compare storey displacements, bending moments, time periods between the models. Results show that models with bracing at the soft storey experience less displacement and bending moments compared to the bare frame model, with X-bracing performing slightly better than
Review study on performance of seismically tested repaired shear wallseSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes research on the performance of reinforced concrete shear walls that have been repaired after damage. It begins with an introduction to shear walls and their failure modes. The literature review then discusses the behavior of original shear walls as well as different repair techniques tested by other researchers, including conventional repair with new concrete, jacketing with steel plates or concrete, and use of fiber reinforced polymers. The document focuses on evaluating the strength retention of shear walls after being repaired with various methods.
Effect of Stiffening System on Building Resistance to Earthquake ForcesIOSRJMCE
Multi-story steel buildings of various heights under the action of earthquake force are analyzed by using time-history analysis technique. The ground motion records of El Centro, California in 1940 are considered in this study. Different types of stiffening systems (bracing and shear walls) are used for the considered buildings. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the response of steel structures subjected to earthquake excitation and to investigate the effect of various stiffening systems in improving the response of these buildings. The finite element method of SAP 2000 V17program is used in the analysis. A static analysis is conducted to obtain an indication on the stiffness of the studied stiffening models in order to interpret the stiffness effect on the response of the structures under the seismic load. It is found that, the natural period of a structure is highly affected by the height of the structure and the used stiffeningsystem. It is inversely proportional with the stiffness and directly proportional with the height of the structure. It is concluded that the roof displacement andits maximum value at a specific momentdoes not give a clear indication for the behavior of building. Therefore the full time response of the building must be considered. Also it has been concluded that it is not necessarily when the stiffness of a building increases, the roof or any story displacement of the building decreases under earthquake load.
A comparative study of the effect of infill walls on seismic performance of reiIAEME Publication
This document discusses a comparative study on the effect of infill walls on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings. It summarizes different approaches to modeling infill walls as equivalent diagonal struts, including elastic analysis, ultimate load, plastic analysis, and finite element analysis approaches. The key findings are that infill walls reduce displacements and time period while increasing base shear. Modeling the strength and stiffness of infill walls is important for accurately analyzing seismic behavior, as ignoring infill walls can lead to unconservative design of soft-story buildings.
IRJET- Minimization of Effect of Soft Storey During Earthquake by Providing S...IRJET Journal
This document discusses minimizing the effects of a soft story in a building during an earthquake by providing a semi-soft story. It analyzes the seismic response of a 5-story reinforced concrete building model with a soft story at the ground level (Model 1) and with a semi-soft story at the ground level (Model 2). The results show that Model 2 experiences less story displacement, drift, and shear compared to Model 1. Model 2 also has a more uniform distribution of story shear. Therefore, providing a semi-soft story is recommended as a more economical way to reduce the effects of a soft story during an earthquake.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Buildings with Shear Wall having Horizontal Ir...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic behavior of five 6-story buildings with horizontal irregularities: E-shaped, I-shaped, L-shaped, +-shaped, and box-shaped. The buildings are modeled in SAP2000 and analyzed using response spectrum analysis according to Indian codes for seismic design. Parameters like lateral displacement, base shear, story drift, and period are compared. Results show the E-shaped building experiences the highest base shear and lateral displacement, while the +-shaped building experiences the lowest. The L-shaped building has the highest displacement in the X-direction, while the +-shaped building remains the lowest. In conclusion, horizontal irregularity affects the seismic response of buildings.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Steel Moment Resisting Frame due to Infil...IDES Editor
Steel moment resisting frame with open first storey
(soft storey) is known to perform well compared with the RC
frames during strong earthquake shaking. The presence of
masonry infill wall influences the overall behavior of the
structure when subjected to lateral forces, when masonry infill
are considered to interact with their surrounding frames the
lateral stiffness and lateral load carrying capacity of structure
largely increase. In this paper, the seismic vulnerability of
building with soft storey is shown with an example of G+10
three dimensional (3D) steel frame. The open first storey is
an important functional requirement of almost all the urban
multi-storey buildings, and hence, cannot be eliminated.
Hence some special measures need to be adopted for this
specific situation. The under-lying principle of any solution
to this problem is in increasing the stiffness’s of the first
storey such that the first storey stiffness is at least 50% as
stiff as the second storey, i.e., soft first storeys are to be avoided,
and providing adequate lateral strength in the first storey. In
this paper, stiffness balancing is proposed between the first
and second storey of a steel moment resisting frame building
with open first storey and brick infills as described in models.
A simple example building is analyzed by modeling it with
nine different methods. The stiffness effect on the first storey
is demonstrated through the lateral displacement profile of
the building.
IRJET- Comparative Study on CFST and Steel Diagrid Structural System for High...IRJET Journal
This study compares the performance of composite cross-sectional steel tube (CFST) diagrid and steel diagrid structural systems for high-rise buildings under seismic loading. 12 building models of G+42 and G+30 storeys were analyzed using ETABS software. The buildings were located in different seismic zones with medium soil. Results showed that steel diagrid structures performed better than CFST diagrid structures, with steel diagrid exhibiting lower storey displacements and drifts. Diagrid structures in general were found to effectively distribute lateral loads and reduce the impact of dynamic loading on high-rise buildings.
Highly Deformable Energy-Dissipating Reinforced Concrete Elements in Seismic ...IJERA Editor
Incorporating scrap tyre rubber particles as partial replacement for aggregates has been found to produce concrete with improved ductility, deformability and damping which are desired characteristics of a viable material for enhancing structural response to earthquake vibrations. An analytical study using Drain-2dX was carried out to investigate the response of 4-storey, 3-bay reinforced concrete frames on innovative rubberised concrete deformable foundation models to simulated earthquake scaled to 5 different peak ground accelerations. Stress-strain properties of 3-layers aramid fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)-confinement for concrete incorporating waste rubber from scrap vehicle tyres were used to model the elements of this foundation models. With a partial decoupling of the superstructure from the direct earthquake force, the models showed up to 70% reduction in base shear, an improved overall q-factor of 7.1, and an estimated frame acceleration of 0.11g for an earthquake peak ground acceleration of 0.44g. This implies that a non-seismically designed reinforced concrete frame on the proposed rubberised concrete deformable foundation system would provide a simple, affordable and equally efficient alternative to the conventional and usually expensive earthquake resistant concrete frames. A supplementary Arrest System (SAS) was proposed to anchor the frame from the resulting soft storey at the rubberised concrete foundation. A further research is recommended for the design of concrete hinges with rubberised concrete as used in the model with the most impressive response
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
SEISMIC ISOLATION OF RC FRAMED STRUCTURE WITH AND WITHOUT INFILLSIAEME Publication
Earthquakes are the nature’s greatest hazard which cannot be exactly predicted by human
beings. Earthquake is a sudden movement of earth’s surface with the release of massive energy
in the form of seismic waves. There are so many methods to control the vibration of the
buildings like passive, active and hybrid control systems.[1] Base isolation is a passive control
system. In the present work, a (G+3) structure considering with and without infill’s subjected
to seismic force along with static gravity loads are analyzed using Response Spectrum Method
in ETABS-2015 package. From the study, the response of the structure obtained is time period,
base shear, story displacement and inter-story drifts and also the comparison is drawn for the
same parameters considering structure as bare and infill frames. The variation in percentage
of steel is also presented. It is found that the time period and story displacement increases
while base shear and story drifts gets reduces with the provision of effective base isolators.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Analytical Design for Optimization of Shear Wall for Flat SlabIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the performance of shear walls in resisting lateral loads from earthquakes in multi-story buildings through analytical modeling and response spectrum analysis. Four models of a 6-story building are studied - one without shear walls and three with shear walls in different configurations. The results show that including shear walls, especially at the edges of the building, significantly reduces displacements and improves stiffness, making the building more resistant to seismic loads.
Assessment of seismic damage of multistory structures using fragility curvesIJERA Editor
This document assesses the seismic damage of multistory reinforced concrete structures using fragility curves. Five real structures designed according to the Egyptian Building Code are modeled and analyzed using incremental dynamic analysis considering 12 earthquake records. Fragility curves are developed based on the analysis results to provide an overview of expected seismic performance for typical low to mid-rise reinforced concrete structures in Egypt. The fragility curves quantify probable damage states of fully operational, operational, life safe, and near collapse under potential earthquakes and provide a performance assessment not defined in the current Egyptian Building Code.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Multi-Storied Building with and without Shear ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of the seismic behavior of an 11-story building model with and without shear walls. The building model is analyzed using STAADPRO software for different locations and thicknesses of shear walls. Results show that the presence of shear walls, particularly at corner locations and with greater thickness, significantly improves the building's seismic performance by reducing displacements, story drift, and column forces. The study concludes that properly locating shear walls can substantially decrease lateral drift and displacement experienced by the building during an earthquake.
BEHAVIOUR OF G+10 BUILDING WITH SHEAR-WALLS AT DIFFERENT POSITIONSIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the behavior of a G+10 building with shear walls placed in different positions through modeling and analysis in ETABS software. Six different models are created with shear walls placed: 1) without shear walls, 2) at the building center around the lift cores, 3) along the building periphery, 4) at the building corners, 5) along both longitudinal faces and around lift cores, and 6) along both lateral faces and around lift cores. The models are analyzed and results such as story displacements, drift, and shear are compared. Placing shear walls at the building corners (Model 5) provides about a 90% reduction in maximum story displacement, making it the most efficient configuration for resisting seismic forces.
Seismic Analysis of RCC Building without and With Shear WallsIRJET Journal
- The document discusses seismic analysis of a 15-story reinforced concrete (RC) building both without and with shear walls.
- A building model with plan dimensions of 36m x 36m and 3.2m floor heights was analyzed using ETABS software. Material properties and section dimensions were specified.
- Models were analyzed using the response spectrum method according to Indian codes for seismic zone III and medium soil. Results for storey shear, moments and drift were compared between models with and without shear walls.
Seismic Performance of Flat Slab Structures Under Static and Dynamic LoadsIRJET Journal
This document presents research on analyzing the seismic performance of flat slab structures under static and dynamic loads. Models of flat slab structures with varying lateral stiffness were created, from flexible columns only to stiffer combinations of columns and shear walls. The models were subjected to seismic and dynamic loads, and the structural responses like natural periods, base shear, displacement, and inter-story drift were studied. The results showed that providing edge beams and shear walls strengthened flat slab structures seismically. Key aspects analyzed included the natural period, base shear, displacement, and inter-story drift of flat plate and flat slab structures with different configurations, under static and dynamic seismic loads.
IRJET - Study on Lateral Structural System on Different Height on Asymmet...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on using different lateral load resisting structural systems (shear walls and bracing) in asymmetric buildings of varying heights located in a high seismic zone. Finite element models of bare frame, shear wall, and braced configurations were created and analyzed using software. Placement of shear walls and bracing at the core or corners resulted in lower displacements and drifts compared to bare frames. Taller buildings benefited more from these lateral systems. Shear walls and bracing effectively resist earthquake forces and improve building performance.
Study on Concentric Steel Bracing at Soft Storey During EarthquakeIRJET Journal
This document studies the effect of adding concentric steel bracing at the soft storey of an 8-story building during an earthquake. A soft storey is the ground floor that is left open for parking. 8 building models are analyzed: a bare frame, fully infilled except the first storey, and models with X-bracing, inverted V-bracing, or different steel sections added at the soft storey. The analysis uses equivalent static analysis in Etabs software to compare storey displacements, bending moments, time periods between the models. Results show that models with bracing at the soft storey experience less displacement and bending moments compared to the bare frame model, with X-bracing performing slightly better than
Review study on performance of seismically tested repaired shear wallseSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes research on the performance of reinforced concrete shear walls that have been repaired after damage. It begins with an introduction to shear walls and their failure modes. The literature review then discusses the behavior of original shear walls as well as different repair techniques tested by other researchers, including conventional repair with new concrete, jacketing with steel plates or concrete, and use of fiber reinforced polymers. The document focuses on evaluating the strength retention of shear walls after being repaired with various methods.
Effect of Stiffening System on Building Resistance to Earthquake ForcesIOSRJMCE
Multi-story steel buildings of various heights under the action of earthquake force are analyzed by using time-history analysis technique. The ground motion records of El Centro, California in 1940 are considered in this study. Different types of stiffening systems (bracing and shear walls) are used for the considered buildings. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the response of steel structures subjected to earthquake excitation and to investigate the effect of various stiffening systems in improving the response of these buildings. The finite element method of SAP 2000 V17program is used in the analysis. A static analysis is conducted to obtain an indication on the stiffness of the studied stiffening models in order to interpret the stiffness effect on the response of the structures under the seismic load. It is found that, the natural period of a structure is highly affected by the height of the structure and the used stiffeningsystem. It is inversely proportional with the stiffness and directly proportional with the height of the structure. It is concluded that the roof displacement andits maximum value at a specific momentdoes not give a clear indication for the behavior of building. Therefore the full time response of the building must be considered. Also it has been concluded that it is not necessarily when the stiffness of a building increases, the roof or any story displacement of the building decreases under earthquake load.
A comparative study of the effect of infill walls on seismic performance of reiIAEME Publication
This document discusses a comparative study on the effect of infill walls on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings. It summarizes different approaches to modeling infill walls as equivalent diagonal struts, including elastic analysis, ultimate load, plastic analysis, and finite element analysis approaches. The key findings are that infill walls reduce displacements and time period while increasing base shear. Modeling the strength and stiffness of infill walls is important for accurately analyzing seismic behavior, as ignoring infill walls can lead to unconservative design of soft-story buildings.
IRJET- Minimization of Effect of Soft Storey During Earthquake by Providing S...IRJET Journal
This document discusses minimizing the effects of a soft story in a building during an earthquake by providing a semi-soft story. It analyzes the seismic response of a 5-story reinforced concrete building model with a soft story at the ground level (Model 1) and with a semi-soft story at the ground level (Model 2). The results show that Model 2 experiences less story displacement, drift, and shear compared to Model 1. Model 2 also has a more uniform distribution of story shear. Therefore, providing a semi-soft story is recommended as a more economical way to reduce the effects of a soft story during an earthquake.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Buildings with Shear Wall having Horizontal Ir...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic behavior of five 6-story buildings with horizontal irregularities: E-shaped, I-shaped, L-shaped, +-shaped, and box-shaped. The buildings are modeled in SAP2000 and analyzed using response spectrum analysis according to Indian codes for seismic design. Parameters like lateral displacement, base shear, story drift, and period are compared. Results show the E-shaped building experiences the highest base shear and lateral displacement, while the +-shaped building experiences the lowest. The L-shaped building has the highest displacement in the X-direction, while the +-shaped building remains the lowest. In conclusion, horizontal irregularity affects the seismic response of buildings.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Steel Moment Resisting Frame due to Infil...IDES Editor
Steel moment resisting frame with open first storey
(soft storey) is known to perform well compared with the RC
frames during strong earthquake shaking. The presence of
masonry infill wall influences the overall behavior of the
structure when subjected to lateral forces, when masonry infill
are considered to interact with their surrounding frames the
lateral stiffness and lateral load carrying capacity of structure
largely increase. In this paper, the seismic vulnerability of
building with soft storey is shown with an example of G+10
three dimensional (3D) steel frame. The open first storey is
an important functional requirement of almost all the urban
multi-storey buildings, and hence, cannot be eliminated.
Hence some special measures need to be adopted for this
specific situation. The under-lying principle of any solution
to this problem is in increasing the stiffness’s of the first
storey such that the first storey stiffness is at least 50% as
stiff as the second storey, i.e., soft first storeys are to be avoided,
and providing adequate lateral strength in the first storey. In
this paper, stiffness balancing is proposed between the first
and second storey of a steel moment resisting frame building
with open first storey and brick infills as described in models.
A simple example building is analyzed by modeling it with
nine different methods. The stiffness effect on the first storey
is demonstrated through the lateral displacement profile of
the building.
IRJET- Comparative Study on CFST and Steel Diagrid Structural System for High...IRJET Journal
This study compares the performance of composite cross-sectional steel tube (CFST) diagrid and steel diagrid structural systems for high-rise buildings under seismic loading. 12 building models of G+42 and G+30 storeys were analyzed using ETABS software. The buildings were located in different seismic zones with medium soil. Results showed that steel diagrid structures performed better than CFST diagrid structures, with steel diagrid exhibiting lower storey displacements and drifts. Diagrid structures in general were found to effectively distribute lateral loads and reduce the impact of dynamic loading on high-rise buildings.
Highly Deformable Energy-Dissipating Reinforced Concrete Elements in Seismic ...IJERA Editor
Incorporating scrap tyre rubber particles as partial replacement for aggregates has been found to produce concrete with improved ductility, deformability and damping which are desired characteristics of a viable material for enhancing structural response to earthquake vibrations. An analytical study using Drain-2dX was carried out to investigate the response of 4-storey, 3-bay reinforced concrete frames on innovative rubberised concrete deformable foundation models to simulated earthquake scaled to 5 different peak ground accelerations. Stress-strain properties of 3-layers aramid fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)-confinement for concrete incorporating waste rubber from scrap vehicle tyres were used to model the elements of this foundation models. With a partial decoupling of the superstructure from the direct earthquake force, the models showed up to 70% reduction in base shear, an improved overall q-factor of 7.1, and an estimated frame acceleration of 0.11g for an earthquake peak ground acceleration of 0.44g. This implies that a non-seismically designed reinforced concrete frame on the proposed rubberised concrete deformable foundation system would provide a simple, affordable and equally efficient alternative to the conventional and usually expensive earthquake resistant concrete frames. A supplementary Arrest System (SAS) was proposed to anchor the frame from the resulting soft storey at the rubberised concrete foundation. A further research is recommended for the design of concrete hinges with rubberised concrete as used in the model with the most impressive response
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
SEISMIC ISOLATION OF RC FRAMED STRUCTURE WITH AND WITHOUT INFILLSIAEME Publication
Earthquakes are the nature’s greatest hazard which cannot be exactly predicted by human
beings. Earthquake is a sudden movement of earth’s surface with the release of massive energy
in the form of seismic waves. There are so many methods to control the vibration of the
buildings like passive, active and hybrid control systems.[1] Base isolation is a passive control
system. In the present work, a (G+3) structure considering with and without infill’s subjected
to seismic force along with static gravity loads are analyzed using Response Spectrum Method
in ETABS-2015 package. From the study, the response of the structure obtained is time period,
base shear, story displacement and inter-story drifts and also the comparison is drawn for the
same parameters considering structure as bare and infill frames. The variation in percentage
of steel is also presented. It is found that the time period and story displacement increases
while base shear and story drifts gets reduces with the provision of effective base isolators.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Analytical Design for Optimization of Shear Wall for Flat SlabIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the performance of shear walls in resisting lateral loads from earthquakes in multi-story buildings through analytical modeling and response spectrum analysis. Four models of a 6-story building are studied - one without shear walls and three with shear walls in different configurations. The results show that including shear walls, especially at the edges of the building, significantly reduces displacements and improves stiffness, making the building more resistant to seismic loads.
Assessment of seismic damage of multistory structures using fragility curvesIJERA Editor
This document assesses the seismic damage of multistory reinforced concrete structures using fragility curves. Five real structures designed according to the Egyptian Building Code are modeled and analyzed using incremental dynamic analysis considering 12 earthquake records. Fragility curves are developed based on the analysis results to provide an overview of expected seismic performance for typical low to mid-rise reinforced concrete structures in Egypt. The fragility curves quantify probable damage states of fully operational, operational, life safe, and near collapse under potential earthquakes and provide a performance assessment not defined in the current Egyptian Building Code.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Multi-Storied Building with and without Shear ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of the seismic behavior of an 11-story building model with and without shear walls. The building model is analyzed using STAADPRO software for different locations and thicknesses of shear walls. Results show that the presence of shear walls, particularly at corner locations and with greater thickness, significantly improves the building's seismic performance by reducing displacements, story drift, and column forces. The study concludes that properly locating shear walls can substantially decrease lateral drift and displacement experienced by the building during an earthquake.
BEHAVIOUR OF G+10 BUILDING WITH SHEAR-WALLS AT DIFFERENT POSITIONSIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the behavior of a G+10 building with shear walls placed in different positions through modeling and analysis in ETABS software. Six different models are created with shear walls placed: 1) without shear walls, 2) at the building center around the lift cores, 3) along the building periphery, 4) at the building corners, 5) along both longitudinal faces and around lift cores, and 6) along both lateral faces and around lift cores. The models are analyzed and results such as story displacements, drift, and shear are compared. Placing shear walls at the building corners (Model 5) provides about a 90% reduction in maximum story displacement, making it the most efficient configuration for resisting seismic forces.
Seismic Analysis of RCC Building without and With Shear WallsIRJET Journal
- The document discusses seismic analysis of a 15-story reinforced concrete (RC) building both without and with shear walls.
- A building model with plan dimensions of 36m x 36m and 3.2m floor heights was analyzed using ETABS software. Material properties and section dimensions were specified.
- Models were analyzed using the response spectrum method according to Indian codes for seismic zone III and medium soil. Results for storey shear, moments and drift were compared between models with and without shear walls.
Seismic Performance of Flat Slab Structures Under Static and Dynamic LoadsIRJET Journal
This document presents research on analyzing the seismic performance of flat slab structures under static and dynamic loads. Models of flat slab structures with varying lateral stiffness were created, from flexible columns only to stiffer combinations of columns and shear walls. The models were subjected to seismic and dynamic loads, and the structural responses like natural periods, base shear, displacement, and inter-story drift were studied. The results showed that providing edge beams and shear walls strengthened flat slab structures seismically. Key aspects analyzed included the natural period, base shear, displacement, and inter-story drift of flat plate and flat slab structures with different configurations, under static and dynamic seismic loads.
IRJET - Study on Lateral Structural System on Different Height on Asymmet...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on using different lateral load resisting structural systems (shear walls and bracing) in asymmetric buildings of varying heights located in a high seismic zone. Finite element models of bare frame, shear wall, and braced configurations were created and analyzed using software. Placement of shear walls and bracing at the core or corners resulted in lower displacements and drifts compared to bare frames. Taller buildings benefited more from these lateral systems. Shear walls and bracing effectively resist earthquake forces and improve building performance.
IRJET- Comparative Seismic Evaluation of Response of RC Building with Shear W...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative seismic evaluation of a 15-story reinforced concrete building with different bracing systems, including shear walls, X-bracing, V-bracing, and combined V-bracing. Three models are analyzed: an unbraced frame, frames with bracing at corner bays, and frames with bracing at the 3rd and 5th bays. Response spectrum analysis is conducted using ETABS software to determine seismic parameters like maximum displacement, drift, base shear, and time period. Results show that shear walls and bracing systems reduce displacement and drift compared to an unbraced frame, with shear walls performing the best in minimizing seismic response.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON G+10 STOREY RCC BULDING WITH AND WITHOUT SHEAR WALL USIN...IRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative study on the seismic behavior of a 10-storey reinforced concrete building with and without shear walls, and with various percentages of openings (25%, 50%, 75%) in the shear walls. 15 building models were created and analyzed using ETABS software. The analyses investigated parameters like storey displacements, storey drift, time period, and base shear for the building models under equivalent lateral force analysis and response spectrum analysis for seismic zones II, III, and IV. The results show that the model without any openings in the shear wall performed the best in reducing lateral displacements, storey drifts, and increasing the fundamental time period across all seismic zones. Increasing the percentage of openings led to higher displace
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTISTORY BUILDING WITH AND WITHOUT SHEAR WALL, X BR...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of the seismic behavior of multistory reinforced concrete buildings with and without shear walls, X-bracing, and fluid viscous dampers. Four 30m tall building models are analyzed using ETABS software: a basic reinforced concrete structure, one with added shear walls, one with fluid viscous dampers, and one with X-bracing. The results show that the addition of shear walls is most effective at reducing displacement, drift, and increasing story stiffness compared to the other seismic retrofitting methods. In conclusion, shear walls placed at building corners provide the best seismic performance by significantly decreasing displacement while increasing structural strength and stiffness.
Performance based seismic design of the multi-storied reinforced concrete bui...IRJET Journal
The document discusses performance-based seismic design of multi-story reinforced concrete buildings. It provides a literature review of previous studies that have analyzed buildings using nonlinear static pushover analysis to evaluate seismic performance. The goal of performance-based seismic design is to carefully assess how a structure will perform under earthquake loads by identifying performance objectives and evaluating the structure's capacity through nonlinear analysis. Previous studies have found that performance metrics like story displacement, drift, and base shear can be used to evaluate if a design meets life safety or other performance objectives. The document concludes that further research on nonlinear dynamic analysis and energy dissipation systems could help improve seismic performance estimation of reinforced concrete structures.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The optimum location of shear wall in high rise r.c bulidings under lateral l...eSAT Journals
Abstract Shear walls are the structural elements of the horizontal force resisting system .shear walls have high influence stiffness and strength and provided to resist gravity loads as well as lateral loads caused by seismic and wind. So many literatures are available to analyze and design of shear wall. However the optimum location and its effects in high rise r.c.buildings is not much discussed in any literatures. In this paper the main aim is to find the effective, efficient, and optimum location of shear walls in high rise irregular R.C building. In this present study the optimum location of shear wall has been investigated with the help of three different models. Model 1 is bare frame structural system and other two models are dual type structural system with central core wall and corner shear wall. An earthquake load is calculated as per IS 1893(PART-1)-2002 and applied to (G+20) storey R.C building in zone-2 and zone-5. The analysis is performed using ETABS 9.7.4 Software package. Keywords: Shear wall, Irregular building, ETABS, analysis of structure, High rise building
Influence of Openings and Local Soil Conditions on the Seismic Behavior of Tu...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the seismic behavior of tunnel form buildings using response spectrum analysis. Tunnel form buildings are reinforced concrete structures with relatively thin shear walls and flat slabs instead of beams and columns. The study models a 6-story RC wall building to analyze the effects of openings (0%, 6%, 22%, 50%) and soil conditions (bearing capacities of 50, 100, 200, 250) on seismic performance parameters like time period, displacement, drift, and base shear. Response spectrum analysis is performed using ETABS software according to Indian codes. Results show that RC wall buildings have significantly reduced time periods and displacements compared to equivalent RC frame buildings, indicating improved seismic performance.
Comparative Seismic Analysis of G+20 RC Framed Structure Building for Maximum...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative seismic analysis of a 20-story reinforced concrete framed structure building with and without shear walls. The analysis found that including shear walls can reduce the maximum story drift by 12-15% in the x-direction and 8-10% in the y-direction under different seismic load combinations. Properly designing and placing shear walls is important for reinforced concrete framed structures in high seismic zones to minimize story drift and improve safety during earthquakes.
IRJET- Impact of Shear Wall to Reduce Torsional Effect for Unsymmetrical R.C....IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on analyzing the torsional effects on symmetrical and unsymmetrical reinforced concrete framed buildings under seismic loading. Time history analysis is performed on 10-storey symmetrical and L-shaped unsymmetrical buildings using MATLAB. The response quantities like base shear, displacement and torsional moment are obtained and compared for bare frame, frame with infill walls and frame with shear walls. The results show that the unsymmetrical bare frame experiences higher base shear, displacement and torsional moment compared to the symmetrical frame. Infill walls and shear walls are found to effectively reduce the torsional effects in the unsymmetrical building by shifting the center of rigidity closer to the center of mass.
IRJET- A Research on Comparing the Seismic Effect on Shear Wall Building and ...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the seismic effect of shear wall buildings compared to buildings without shear walls. Shear walls help resist lateral forces from earthquakes and winds.
2) Several studies are reviewed that analyze different shear wall configurations in multi-story buildings. Zig zag and diagonal shear wall arrangements were found to increase strength and stiffness compared to other configurations. Shear walls effectively reduce lateral displacements and story drift.
3) One study used software to analyze a 10-story building with different shear wall models and found that a model with short shear walls at corners was the most economical. Shear walls are more effective in high-rise buildings. Proper placement of shear walls affects how lateral forces are distributed
This document summarizes the analysis of a 3B+G+40 story reinforced concrete tall building subjected to wind and earthquake loads according to Indian codes. The building was modeled in 3D using STAAD.Pro software. Dynamic analysis using the response spectrum method was conducted to calculate seismic loads according to IS 1893(Part 1):2002, as the building is over 90m tall and located in seismic zone III. Wind loads were calculated using the gust factor method according to IS 875(Part 3):1987. Safety of the structure against drift, shear, accelerations and displacements was checked against code limits.
Effect of shear wall position in multi-storied buildingIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of shear wall position in a 10-story building through time history and response spectrum analysis. 10 different models are analyzed with the shear wall located at the top, center, or bottom of floors 6m, 9m, and 12m. Results show the model with a shear wall at the center of floor 6m performs best in minimizing displacements, reactions, and moments under seismic loading compared to other models and the normal frame structure without a shear wall. Steel quantities also tend to be lower for this optimal shear wall configuration.
IRJET- Study of Literature on Seismic Response of RC Irregular StructureIRJET Journal
The document discusses vertical irregularities in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and their effects on seismic response. It first defines vertical irregularities as weaknesses caused by discontinuities in mass, stiffness, or geometry between storeys. Soft stories, where the stiffness suddenly decreases, are one type of vertical irregularity. The document then reviews several previous studies on modeling and analyzing vertically irregular buildings using pushover analysis, which incrementally loads a structure to determine its failure mechanisms. The studies found that soft story buildings absorb energy through overturning and shear deformation. Irregular buildings may have similar seismic performance to regular buildings if properly designed. Quantifying the degree of irregularity can help evaluate seismic vulnerability and retrofitting needs.
IRJET-Analysis of G+25 RCC Bare Framed Structure with Shear Wall Under the Ef...IRJET Journal
This document presents an analysis of a G+25 reinforced concrete bare framed structure with shear walls under seismic loads. Four models are analyzed with shear walls placed at different locations (intermediate, corner, middle, core) and compared to a conventional structure without shear walls. The objectives are to analyze seismic forces for Zone III and compare bending moments and shear forces. The methodology uses STAAD Pro V8i to model and analyze the structures. Results show that the model with a shear wall at the corner performs best, with bending moments reduced by 37% compared to the conventional structure without shear walls. In conclusion, adding shear walls, especially at the corner, improves a structure's ability to resist seismic forces.
Day 4 - Excel Automation and Data ManipulationUiPathCommunity
👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program: https://bit.ly/Africa_Automation_Student_Developers
In this fourth session, we shall learn how to automate Excel-related tasks and manipulate data using UiPath Studio.
📕 Detailed agenda:
About Excel Automation and Excel Activities
About Data Manipulation and Data Conversion
About Strings and String Manipulation
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Excel Automation with the Modern Experience in Studio
Data Manipulation with Strings in Studio
👉 Register here for our upcoming Session 5/ June 25: Making Your RPA Journey Continuous and Beneficial: https://community.uipath.com/events/details/uipath-lagos-presents-session-5-making-your-automation-journey-continuous-and-beneficial/
Brightwell ILC Futures workshop David Sinclair presentationILC- UK
As part of our futures focused project with Brightwell we organised a workshop involving thought leaders and experts which was held in April 2024. Introducing the session David Sinclair gave the attached presentation.
For the project we want to:
- explore how technology and innovation will drive the way we live
- look at how we ourselves will change e.g families; digital exclusion
What we then want to do is use this to highlight how services in the future may need to adapt.
e.g. If we are all online in 20 years, will we need to offer telephone-based services. And if we aren’t offering telephone services what will the alternative be?
What is an RPA CoE? Session 4 – CoE ScalingDianaGray10
How to scale a COE to meet organizational missions.
Topics covered:
• What is the original focal area?
• How to expand the COE globally.
• Is a centralized or decentralized model better for scaling?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Cassandra to ScyllaDB: Technical Comparison and the Path to SuccessScyllaDB
What can you expect when migrating from Cassandra to ScyllaDB? This session provides a jumpstart based on what we’ve learned from working with your peers across hundreds of use cases. Discover how ScyllaDB’s architecture, capabilities, and performance compares to Cassandra’s. Then, hear about your Cassandra to ScyllaDB migration options and practical strategies for success, including our top do’s and don’ts.
Building an Agentic RAG locally with Ollama and MilvusZilliz
With the rise of Open-Source LLMs like Llama, Mistral, Gemma, and more, it has become apparent that LLMs might also be useful even when run locally. In this talk, we will see how to deploy an Agentic Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) setup using Ollama, with Milvus as the vector database on your laptop. That way, you can also avoid being Rate Limited by OpenAI like I have been in the past.
Test Case Design Techniques as chapter 4 of ISTQB Foundation. Topics included are Equivalence Partition, Boundary Value Analysis, State Transition Testing, Decision Table Testing, Use Case Testing, Statement Coverage, Decision Coverage, Error Guessing, Exploratory Testing, Checklist Based Testing
Balancing Compaction Principles and PracticesScyllaDB
Compaction is a crucial component for preventing storage consumption from exploding. In this session, we’ll talk about why compaction is required and its principles of operation, the main compaction strategies available for use, when they should be used, and how they can be configured. Finally, we’ll present new compaction features recently introduced in ScyllaDB Enterprise and ScyllaDB Cloud.
The presentation will delve into the ASIMOV project, a novel initiative that leverages Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to provide precise, domain-specific assistance to telecommunications engineers and technicians. The session will focus on the unique capabilities of Milvus, the chosen vector database for the project, and its advantages over other vector databases.
Attending this session will give you a deeper understanding of the potential of RAG and Milvus DB in telecommunications engineering. You will learn how to address common challenges in the field and enhance the efficiency of their operations. The session will equip you with the knowledge to make informed decisions about the choice of vector databases, and how best to use them for your use-cases
Tool Support for Testing as Chapter 6 of ISTQB Foundation 2018. Topics covered are Tool Benefits, Test Tool Classification, Benefits of Test Automation and Risk of Test Automation
TrustArc Webinar - Your Guide for Smooth Cross-Border Data Transfers and Glob...TrustArc
Global data transfers can be tricky due to different regulations and individual protections in each country. Sharing data with vendors has become such a normal part of business operations that some may not even realize they’re conducting a cross-border data transfer!
The Global CBPR Forum launched the new Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules framework in May 2024 to ensure that privacy compliance and regulatory differences across participating jurisdictions do not block a business's ability to deliver its products and services worldwide.
To benefit consumers and businesses, Global CBPRs promote trust and accountability while moving toward a future where consumer privacy is honored and data can be transferred responsibly across borders.
This webinar will review:
- What is a data transfer and its related risks
- How to manage and mitigate your data transfer risks
- How do different data transfer mechanisms like the EU-US DPF and Global CBPR benefit your business globally
- Globally what are the cross-border data transfer regulations and guidelines
This time, we're diving into the murky waters of the Fuxnet malware, a brainchild of the illustrious Blackjack hacking group.
Let's set the scene: Moscow, a city unsuspectingly going about its business, unaware that it's about to be the star of Blackjack's latest production. The method? Oh, nothing too fancy, just the classic "let's potentially disable sensor-gateways" move.
In a move of unparalleled transparency, Blackjack decides to broadcast their cyber conquests on ruexfil.com. Because nothing screams "covert operation" like a public display of your hacking prowess, complete with screenshots for the visually inclined.
Ah, but here's where the plot thickens: the initial claim of 2,659 sensor-gateways laid to waste? A slight exaggeration, it seems. The actual tally? A little over 500. It's akin to declaring world domination and then barely managing to annex your backyard.
For Blackjack, ever the dramatists, hint at a sequel, suggesting the JSON files were merely a teaser of the chaos yet to come. Because what's a cyberattack without a hint of sequel bait, teasing audiences with the promise of more digital destruction?
-------
This document presents a comprehensive analysis of the Fuxnet malware, attributed to the Blackjack hacking group, which has reportedly targeted infrastructure. The analysis delves into various aspects of the malware, including its technical specifications, impact on systems, defense mechanisms, propagation methods, targets, and the motivations behind its deployment. By examining these facets, the document aims to provide a detailed overview of Fuxnet's capabilities and its implications for cybersecurity.
The document offers a qualitative summary of the Fuxnet malware, based on the information publicly shared by the attackers and analyzed by cybersecurity experts. This analysis is invaluable for security professionals, IT specialists, and stakeholders in various industries, as it not only sheds light on the technical intricacies of a sophisticated cyber threat but also emphasizes the importance of robust cybersecurity measures in safeguarding critical infrastructure against emerging threats. Through this detailed examination, the document contributes to the broader understanding of cyber warfare tactics and enhances the preparedness of organizations to defend against similar attacks in the future.
New ThousandEyes Product Features and Release Highlights: June 2024
Dg33646652
1. C.M. Ravi Kumar, M. B. Sreenivasa, Anil Kumar, M. Vijay Sekhar Reddy / International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.646-652
646 | P a g e
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment Of Rc Buildings With Shear
Wall
C.M. Ravi Kumar1
, M. B. Sreenivasa2
, Anil Kumar3
, M. Vijay Sekhar
Reddy4
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University BDT College of
Engineering, Davangere, Karnataka, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Alvas Institute of Technology, Moodbidri, Karnataka, India.
3
Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal,
Karnataka, India..
4
HOD, Department of Civil Engineering, Srikalahasti Institute of Technology, Srikalahasti, Andra Pradesha,
India.
Abstract
Reinforced concrete multi-storied
buildings are very complex to model as
structural systems for analysis. The current
version of the IS: 1893-2002 requires that
practically all multi-storeyed buildings be
analyzed as three-dimensional systems. This is
due to the fact that the buildings have generally
irregularities in plan or elevation or in both.
Seismic codes distinguish between regular and
irregular configurations, and it is the latter that
the irregularity may have a detrimental
influence on the effectiveness and on the
building seismic performance itself. The present
analytical investigation proposes, discusses, and
highlights the seismic performance of RC
(Reinforced Concrete) buildings having dual
system with emphasis on various case studies.
The study includes seismic vulnerability
assessment of RC buildings without shear wall,
with shear wall at centre, shear wall at diagonal
corners, shear wall at mid along X-direction,
and shear wall at mid along Y-direction, lastly
shear wall at mid along X&Y-directions.
Keywords: Seismic performance, evaluation,
irregular RC building and shear wall,dual system
1. Introduction
It is a known fact that the Globe is facing
a threat of natural disasters from time to time. With
particular records based on earthquake occurrence,
the consequences are loss of human lives and
destruction of properties, which ultimately affects
the natural economy. The occurrence of an
earthquake cannot be predicted and prevented but
the preparedness of the structures to resist
earthquake forces become more important.
However, more recently, several destructive
earthquakes, including the 1999 Athens (Greece)
earthquake, the 1999 İzmit and Düzce earthquakes
(Turkey), 1999 Chi Chi (Taiwan) earthquake, 2001
Bhuj (India) earthquake, and the 2003 Boumerdes
(Algeria) earthquake, have given more insights to
performance of RC frame constructions. These
earthquakes are like a wake-up call to enforce
building and seismic codes, making building
insurance compulsory along with the use of quality
material and skilled workmanship.
India has experienced destructive
earthquakes throughout its history. Most notable
events of major earthquakes in India since 1819 to
2001, in 1819 the epicenter was Kutch, Gujarat and
later in 2001 it was at Bhuj, Gujarat. In many
respects, including seismological and geotechnical,
the January 26, 2001 earthquake was a case of
history repeating itself 182 years later and has
made the engineering community in India aware of
the need of seismic evaluation and retrofitting of
existing structures. Bhuj earthquake of 26 January
2001 caused 14,000 casualties. Main reason for
such huge casualties is low earthquake awareness
and poor construction practices, highlighting
inherent earthquake safe character. Based on the
technology advancement and knowledge gained
after earthquake occurrences, the seismic code is
usually revised. Last revision of IS 1893 (Criteria
for earthquake resistant design of structures) was
done in 2002 after a long gap of about 18years.
Some new clauses were included and some old
provisions were updated. Assuming that concerned
authorities will take enough steps for code
compliance and the structures that are being
constructed are earthquake resistant.
Keeping the view of constant revision of
the seismic zones in India, lack of proper design
and detailing of structures against earthquake.
Earthquake performance of RC bare frame has
been well documented in the past. Also, damage
patterns in reinforced concrete frames during the
past earthquakes have been extensively studied.
But now a day‟s need and demand of the latest
generation and growing population has made the
architects or engineers inevitable towards planning
of irregular configurations. Some of the poor
planning and construction practices of multi-storied
buildings in Peninsular India in particular, which
lead to irregularities in plan and elevation of the
buildings. If the configuration is good the seismic
2. C.M. Ravi Kumar, M. B. Sreenivasa, Anil Kumar, M. Vijay Sekhar Reddy / International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.646-652
647 | P a g e
design will be simple and economical and good
performance is more likely to be assured. If the
configuration is bad the seismic design will be
expensive and good performance will be less than
certain. Hence earthquake engineering has
developed the key issues in understanding the role
of building configurations.
2. Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall
Reinforced concrete walls, which include
lift walls or shear walls, are usual requirement of
reinforced concrete multistory buildings.
Constructing the shear wall in tall, medium and
even short buildings will effect and intern reinforce
the significantly and either more economical than
the bending frames. By the shear, we can control
the side bending of structure, much better than
other elements like closed frames and certainly the
shear walls are more flexible than them. However,
in many occasions the design has to be based on
the position of the lift and stair case walls with
respect to the center of mass. M. Ashraf, et al,
(2008), studied that columns and beams forces are
found to increase on grids opposite to the changing
position of shear wall away from the centroid of the
building. Twisting moments in the members are
observed to be having increasing trend with
enhancement in the eccentrically between
geometrical centroid of the building and shear wall
position. They concluded that shear wall should be
placed at a point by coinciding center of gravity of
the building. But the nature of stresses generated in
the shear wall according to its position is also
different. The shear wall kept at very near to the
center of stiffness act as a vertical bending element
and the shear wall kept at corner of the building are
may be compression or in axial tension according
to the direction of the lateral force. In the bending
nature of the wall the drift generated is more
compare to shear wall kept at corner of the
building. So it is necessary and important to know
and investigate analytically/experimentally, what
should be the location of the shear wall that can
induce minimum stresses in all the structural
members of the multistoried buildings.
2.1. Structural system
The structural system consists of shear wall (or
braced frame) and moment resisting frame such
that:
The two systems are designed to resist the
total design force in proportion to their
lateral stiffness considering the
interaction of the dual system at all floor
level.
The moment resisting frames are
designed to independently resist at least
25% of design seismic base shear.
In general, dual system comparably has a higher
value of “R” (response reduction factor), since a
secondary lateral support system is available to
assist the primary non-bearing lateral support
system
3. Illustrative Examples
3.1. Preliminary data for analysis
Type of Structure : Multi Storeyed RC
Rigid Jointed Plane Frame (Special
Moment Resisting Frame)
Number of Stories: Ten ( G+9) ; 35m X
25m
Seismic Zone : V (Table 2, IS 1893 (Part-
1):2002)
Floor Height: 5m for Ground Floor, 4m
for other Floors & 3m below plinth.
Infill wall: 230mm thick including plaster
in longitudinal and transverse direction.
Grade of Concrete: M40 for Ground, First
& Second Floors Columns.
M35 for Other Floors
Columns,
M25 for Beams, Slabs
& Shear wall
Size of Columns : 600mmX600mm
Size of Beams : 600mmX300mm
Depth of Slab : 150mm thick
Thickness of Shear Wall : 200mm
Imposed Load : 3.0KN/m2
Floor Finish & Partitions : 2.0 KN/m2
Specific Weight of RCC : 25 KN/m3
Specific Weight of Infill : 18 KN/m3
Type of Soil : III
Response Spectra : As per IS 1893 (Part-
1) 2002
Damping : 5%
Importance Factor : 1.5
Response reduction Factor : 5.0
Structural Software : ETABS Version 9.6
Plan and 3D view of the illustrative example
considered as depicted in Fig.1. The design of
shear wall (lift wall) at all floors (from bottom to
top) was by ETABS software. The following are
the location of shear wall at different positions for
various cases considered, which are as depicted in
Fig.2 (a) to 2 (e).
3. C.M. Ravi Kumar, M. B. Sreenivasa, Anil Kumar, M. Vijay Sekhar Reddy / International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.646-652
648 | P a g e
Fig.1 Plan and 3D –View of Model 1 (Case Study 1, R=5.0, I=1.5, Z=V, S=III, Without Shear wall)
a) Case Study2; Model 2; R=5.0, I=1.5, Z=V, S=III,
Shear wall at centre
b) Case Study3: Model 3; R=5.0, I=1.5, Z=V, S=III,
Shear wall at diagonal corners
4. C.M. Ravi Kumar, M. B. Sreenivasa, Anil Kumar, M. Vijay Sekhar Reddy / International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.646-652
649 | P a g e
c) Case Study4; Model 4; R=5.0, I=1.5, Z=V, S=III,
Shear wall at mid along X direction
d) Case Study5; Model 5; R=5.0, I=1.5, Z=V, S=III,
Shear wall at mid along Y direction
e) Case Study 6: Model 6; R=5.0, I=1.5, Z=V, S=III, Shear wall at
mid along X&Y direction/ adjacent faces
Fig 2. Location of shear wall at different position
The analysis and design of multistoried building with shear wall by hand calculation is very tedious and time
consuming process. So for analysis and design of each five cases as described in the problem statement is
carried out with the help of structural analysis software “ETABS”. The analysis and design results are directly
used of comparison. After Analysis using ETABS, the following are the results obtained as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 shows the tabulation of base shear; time period, scale-up factor and storey drift values for all the
models, which are noted as the various parameters to be compared with different variables.
Table 1 Tabulation of base shear, time period, scale-up factor and storey drift for all the models
Mode
l No.
Stor
y
Type
Base Shear in KN
Scale Up Time Period in Secs
Maximum
Story
Displacem
ent at
Story-1 in
mm
Max
Story
Drifts of
10th
floor in
mm
Equivalent
Static
Method
Response
Spectrum
X Y X Y X Y
Mod
e-1
Mod
e-2
Mod
e-3
X Y X Y
1 G+9
1666
4
1666
4
582
5
5961
4.2
0
4.10 2.25 2.20 2.03 44 42
1.6
2
1.4
5
5. C.M. Ravi Kumar, M. B. Sreenivasa, Anil Kumar, M. Vijay Sekhar Reddy / International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.646-652
650 | P a g e
2 G+9
1649
2
1649
2
758
7
7695
3.1
9
3.14 1.71 1.69 1.65 23.9 22.9
2.7
4
2.5
3 G+9
1630
4
1630
4
834
3
8445
2.8
6
2.83 1.50 1.48 1.02 18.2 17.8 2.8
2.6
9
4 G+9
1633
7
1633
7
914
4
8551
2.6
1
2.81 1.37 1.34 1.01 14.1 10.7
2.1
9
2.4
5
5 G+9
1631
1
1631
1
835
0
8709
2.8
6
2.75 1.5 1.42 1.24 19.3 16.1
2.6
3
2.2
7
6 G+9
1631
1
1631
1
609
8
7041
3.9
2
3.39 1.64 1.45 1.09 19.6 17.9
2.5
4
2.4
Note: Response Reduction Factor, R =5.0, Importance Factor, I =1.5, Soil Type, S -III, Zone, Z= V
Based on results obtained, the following plots can be drawn. Fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8 shows the plot of
time period, base shear, and scale up factor, maximum story displacements and maximum story drifts versus
different models
Fig. 3. Plot of time period versus different models Fig.4. Plot of base shear versus different models
Fig.5 Plot of base shear versus different models Fig. 6 Plot of scale up factor versus different models
6. C.M. Ravi Kumar, M. B. Sreenivasa, Anil Kumar, M. Vijay Sekhar Reddy / International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.646-652
651 | P a g e
Fig. 7 Plot of maximum story displacements versus different
models
Fig. 8 Plot of maximum story drifts versus different
models
3.2 Summary and Conclusions
The present study makes an effort to
evaluate the effect of shear wall (lift wall) at all
floor for models 1-6 for Zone V, Soil type III, to
study the various parameters like base shear, time
period, story displacement and story drift. The
study leads to the following broad conclusions:
Time period will be very less when shear wall
is constructed at X-direction. In other models
comparatively less and high without shear
wall. Time period will be less when shear wall
is constructed in centre but with the
consideration of first mode will be creating
torsion; hence that type construction should be
avoided.
Scale-up factor X & Y direction will be high
when no shear wall is provided, further it will
decrease slightly after providing wall at
different location and less when wall is
provided at the X-direction.
Maximum story displacement will be less
when shear wall is at X direction.
Comparatively less when provided in other
locations and high when wall is not provided.
Maximum story drift will increase slightly
when shear wall is provided at different
locations. By comparing all parameters with
and without shear wall at all floor it is
advisable to provide shear wall at X direction
(as shown in model-4) for a better performance
of structure.
The study as a whole identifies the influencing
parameters, which can regulate the effect of dual
system on time period, base shear, drifts and
displacements of building frames. A large number
of curves exhibiting such variation for typical
examples presented here can help the designer to
get a primary idea about placing of lift wall in the
dual system in high rise Reinforced Concrete
Buildings for zone V and Soil type III.
References
1. Anand S Arya (2000). „Recent
Developments toward Earthquake Risk
Reduction in India‟, Current Science,
12702-12777, pp. 9- 79.
2. Bungale S. Taranath S (2005). „Wind and
Earthquake Resistant Buildings- Structural
Analysis and Design”, CRC Press, Taylor
& Francis Group, Boca Raton.
3. Clotaire Michel, Philippe Gueguen &
Pierre-Yves Bard (2008). „Dynamic
Parameters of Structures Extracted from
Ambient Vibration Measurements:An Aid
for the Seismic Vulnerability Assessment
of Existing Buildings in Moderate Seismic
Hazard Regions‟, Soil Dynamics and
Earthquake Engineering, 28, pp. 593-604.
4. C Rudra Srinivasa Reddy and Amlan K
Senugupta (2010). „Validation of Indices
for Assessing Seismic Vulnerability of
Multi-Storeyed Buildings with Typical
Vertical Irregularities using Push–over
7. C.M. Ravi Kumar, M. B. Sreenivasa, Anil Kumar, M. Vijay Sekhar Reddy / International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.646-652
652 | P a g e
Analysis‟, Journal of Structural
Engineering, 4, 256-262.
5. G.M. Calvi, R. Pinho, G. Magenes, J.J.
Bommer (2006). „Development of Seismic
Vulnerability Assessment Methodologies
over the past 30 years‟, ISET Journal of
Earthquake Technology, Paper No. 472,
Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 75-104.
6. “IS-1893(Part-1) 2002). „Criteria for
Earthquake Resistant Design of
Structures‟, Part 1 General Provision and
Buildings (Fifth Revision), Bureau of
Indian Standards, New Delhi.
7. M. Ashraf, siddiqi Z.A and Javed
M.A.,(2008),” Configuration of Multistory
Building Subjected to Lateral Forces”,
Asian Journal of Civil Enginieering,Vol.9,
pp.525-537.
8. Terala Srikant, Ramancharla Pradeep
Kumar, Ajay Pratap Singh, Bal Krishna
Rastogi (2010). „Earthquake Vulnerability
Assessment of Existing Buildings in
Gandhidham and Adipur Cities Kachchh,
Gujarat (India)‟, European Journal of
Scientific Research, 41(3), 336-353.
9. S.K Gosh (2004). „Update on the NEHRP
Provisions: The Resource Document for
Seismic Design‟, PCI Journal, pp.96-102.
10. S Ganzerli, C.P.Pantelides and L. D
Reaveley (2000). „Performance Based
Design using Structural Optimization‟,
Earthquake Engineering of Structural
Dynamics, 29, pp.1677-1690.
11. V K Manicka Selvam (2011). „A Note on
Preliminary Estimate of Member
Dimensions of a Short Multi-storey
Building Frame based on Serviceability
Criterion‟, Journal of Structural
Engineering, 37(5), pp. 358-363.