FCC STRUCTURE
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The document discusses properties of a face centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. An FCC crystal has: 1) A unit cell with 4 atoms located at the corners and face centers of the cube. 2) An atomic radius of a/√22 where a is the lattice parameter. 3) A nearest neighbor distance of a/2 between adjacent atoms. 4) A coordination number of 12, atomic packing fraction of 0.74, and void space of 26%.
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Jif 419 webex 1 2016-2017
This document discusses the fundamental concepts of crystal structure, including unit cells, crystal systems, points/directions/planes, and common metallic crystal structures. The key metallic crystal structures are face-centered cubic (FCC), body-centered cubic (BCC), and hexagonal close-packed (HCP). FCC has a coordination number of 12 and atomic packing factor of 0.74. BCC has a coordination number of 8 and packing factor of 0.68. Crystal structure affects properties like bonding and density.
1-Crystallography.pptx
The document discusses different types of solids and crystal structures. It begins by stating that everything around us is matter, which is made of molecules and exists in four main types. It then discusses crystalline and amorphous solids, and the key differences between them. Crystalline solids like metals can have either a single crystal or polycrystalline structure. The document also covers various crystal structures like simple cubic, body centered cubic, face centered cubic, and diamond cubic. It defines important concepts such as unit cell, lattice points, Miller indices, coordination number and packing factor.
Module2
This document discusses the atomic arrangement and properties of crystalline solids such as metals. It begins by describing the long-range order in crystalline solids compared to the short-range order in amorphous solids. It then discusses various crystal structures including cubic, hexagonal, and body-centered cubic. It provides examples of calculating properties like atomic packing factor and theoretical density based on crystal structure. Finally, it discusses using X-ray diffraction to determine crystal structure by measuring spacing between crystal planes.
Crystal Structure
The document discusses the atomic arrangements in crystalline solids. It defines key concepts such as crystals, lattice, basis, unit cell, coordination number, Miller indices, and common crystal structures including simple cubic, body centered cubic, and face centered cubic. It provides examples of calculating the number of atoms in a unit cell, lattice parameter, atomic packing factor, atomic concentration, and drawing and identifying crystallographic planes from their Miller indices.
Crystallography
It's about crystal system. In which we know how to find packing factor of simple, body centered and face centered cubic structures.
Solid state physics by Dr. kamal Devlal.pdf
This document provides an overview of the course "Solid State Physics" (PHY503). The course covers topics like crystal structure, types of lattices, crystal symmetry, and important crystal structures such as sodium chloride, diamond, and hexagonal close packed. It defines key terms used to describe crystal structure like lattice, basis, unit cell, primitive cell, and Miller indices. It also summarizes different crystal systems and lattice types as well as structural properties of common crystalline materials.
Crystallography
The document discusses crystallography and provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in the field. It defines crystalline and amorphous materials, unit cells, Miller indices, Bravais lattices, coordination number, Bragg's law, and defects in solids. Examples are given to illustrate how to determine Miller indices of crystal planes and the structures of sodium chloride and common Bravais lattices like simple cubic, body centered cubic, and face centered cubic.
Solid state (2)
The document discusses different types of crystal defects including point defects, stoichiometric defects, and non-stoichiometric defects. Stoichiometric defects include Schottky and Frenkel defects which involve cation-anion pairs missing or cation dislocations. Non-stoichiometric defects result from deviations from the ideal ratio of cations to anions and include metal excess or deficiency defects involving anion or cation vacancies. Common examples of different defect types in various crystals are provided.
Crystal structure notes
The crystal structure notes gives the basic understanding about the different structures crystalline materials and their properties and physics of crystals. It also throw light on the basics of crystal diffraction
Ic technology- Crystal structure and Crystal growth
ICs integrate thousands or millions of tiny transistors on a semiconductor wafer. They have advantages over discrete components like being smaller, faster, using less power. Moore's law observes that the number of transistors on an IC doubles every 18 months. Semiconductor substrates are wafers used to fabricate ICs. Crystal defects in wafers like point defects and dislocations can occur during manufacturing and affect processing.
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Engineering Physics - Crystal structure - Dr. Victor Vedanayakam.S
Engineering Physics - Crystal structure - Dr. Victor Vedanayakam.S
Ic technology- Crystal structure and Crystal growth
Ic technology- Crystal structure and Crystal growth
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ACROBioscience's Aneuro: An Overview of Neuroscience Research
ACROBioscience's Aneuro: An Overview of Neuroscience Research. Free eBook.
Cultivation of human viruses and its different techniques.
Viruses are extremely small, infectious agents that invade cells of all types. These have been culprits in many human disease including small pox,flu,AIDS and ever present common cold as well as plants bacteria and archea .
Viruses cannot multiply outside the living host cell, However the isolation, enumeration and identification become a difficult task. Instead of chemical medium they require a host body.
Viruses can be cultured in the animals such as mice ,monkeys, rabbits and guinea pigs etc. After inoculation animals are carefully examined for the development of signs or symptoms, further they may be killed.
Centrifugation types and its application
Centrifugation is a technique, based upon the behaviour of particles in an applied centrifugal filed.
Centrifugation is a mechanical process which involves the use of the centrifugal force to separate particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, medium viscosity and rotor speed.
The denser components of the mixture migrate away from the axis of the centrifuge, while the less dense components of the mixture migrate towards the axis.
precipitate (pellet) will travel quickly and fully to the bottom of the tube.
The remaining liquid that lies above the precipitate is called a supernatant.
Types of Garden (Mughal and Buddhist style)
Garden is the place where, flower blooming on a plant ,aesthetic things are present like Topiary, Hedges, Arches and many more. Whereas, Botanical garden is an educational institution for scientific research as well as gathering information about different culture. Such as, Hindu, Mughal , Buddhist style.
Space_A_Visual_Encyclopedia_by_DK. in English
Sólo unas 500 personas han dejado la Tierra para explorarla las maravillas del espacio exterior. Ahora tú también puedes viajar a través del espacio y el tiempo y disfrutar de una experiencia que es fuera de este mundo. Al pasar las páginas de esta enciclopedia profusamente ilustrada, aprenderás cómo funcionan los cohetes y telescopios, descubre cómo es trabajar y vivir en el espacio, y desentrañar el misterios de la última frontera.
Viajarás desde nuestro pequeño, planeta azul a mundos extraños con atmósferas venenosas, océanos escondidos y enormes volcanes.
Luego dirígete al Vía Láctea para descubrir las nubes multicolores, las estrellas y galaxias que se encuentran dispersas por todo el universo.
Lleno de bellas imágenes de los más famosos y potentes telescopios del mundo llenos de hechos asombrosos, esta. La Enciclopedia es invaluable como libro de referencia para proyectos de investigación o perfectos para simplemente sumergirse en ellos.
Para cualquiera que alguna vez haya contemplado el cielo nocturno y se preguntaba cómo es realmente el universo, este libro es una lectura imprescindible.
Por: Peter Bond
Analysis of Polygenic Traits (GPB-602)
Quantitative genetics – study of inheritance of quantitative characters or polygenic characters in experimental populations.
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class 11 physics project on bernoulli's principle
This is a project on class 11 physics made on Bernoulli's principle for CBSE project.
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Rodents, Birds and locust_Pests of crops.pdf
Mole rat or Lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicotabengalensis
•Head -round and broad muzzle
•Tail -shorter than head, body
•Prefers damp areas
•Burrows with scooped soil before entrance
•Potential rat, one pair can produce more than 800 offspringsin one year
Discovery of Merging Twin Quasars at z=6.05
We report the discovery of two quasars at a redshift of z = 6.05 in the process of merging. They were
serendipitously discovered from the deep multiband imaging data collected by the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC)
Subaru Strategic Program survey. The quasars, HSC J121503.42−014858.7 (C1) and HSC J121503.55−014859.3
(C2), both have luminous (>1043 erg s−1
) Lyα emission with a clear broad component (full width at half
maximum >1000 km s−1
). The rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) absolute magnitudes are M1450 = − 23.106 ± 0.017
(C1) and −22.662 ± 0.024 (C2). Our crude estimates of the black hole masses provide log 8.1 0. ( ) M M BH = 3
in both sources. The two quasars are separated by 12 kpc in projected proper distance, bridged by a structure in the
rest-UV light suggesting that they are undergoing a merger. This pair is one of the most distant merging quasars
reported to date, providing crucial insight into galaxy and black hole build-up in the hierarchical structure
formation scenario. A companion paper will present the gas and dust properties captured by Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations, which provide additional evidence for and detailed measurements of
the merger, and also demonstrate that the two sources are not gravitationally lensed images of a single quasar.
Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Double quasars (406); Quasars (1319); Reionization (1383); High-redshift
galaxies (734); Active galactic nuclei (16); Galaxy mergers (608); Supermassive black holes (1663)
Organic Farming and its importance today in the context of soil health and or...
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This presentation intends to offer a bird's eye view of organic farming and its importance in the production of organic food and the soil health of artificial ecosystems.Cause and solution of Water hyacinth (Terror of Bengal)
Water hyacinth is a buoyant plant that has a clump of leaves with squishy stalks arising from the lower feathery roots and it is an invasive species came from South America
حبوب الاجهاض الامارات | 00971547952044 | حبوب اجهاض امارات للبيع
حبوب الاجهاض الامارات | 00971547952044 | حبوب اجهاض امارات للبيعحبوب الاجهاض الامارات حبوب سايتوتك الامارات
إتصل على هذا الرقم اذا اردت الحصول على "حبوب الاجهاض الامارات" توصيلنا مجاني رقم الواتساب 00971547952044:
00971547952044. حبوب الإجهاض في دبي | أبوظبي | الشارقة | السطوة | سعر سايتوتك Cytotec يتميز دواء Cytotec (سايتوتك) بفعاليته في إجهاض الحمل. يمكن الحصول على حبوب الاجهاض الامارات بسهولة من خلال خدمات التوصيل السريع والدفع عند الاستلام. تُستخدم حبوب سايتوتك بشكل شائع لإنهاء الحمل غير المرغوب فيه. حبوب الاجهاض الامارات هي الخيار الأمثل لمن يبحث عن طريقة آمنة وفعالة للإجهاض المنزلي.
تتوفر حبوب الاجهاض الامارات بأسعار تنافسية، ويمكنك الحصول على خصم كبير عند الشراء الآن. حبوب الاجهاض الامارات معروفة بقدرتها الفعالة على إنهاء الحمل في الشهر الأول أو الثاني. إذا كنت تبحث عن حبوب لتنزيل الحمل في الشهر الثاني أو الأول، فإن حبوب الاجهاض الامارات هي الخيار المثالي.
دواء سايتوتك يحتوي على المادة الفعالة ميزوبروستول، التي تُستخدم لإجهاض الحمل والتخلص من النزيف ما بعد الولادة. يمكنك الآن الحصول على حبوب سايتوتك للبيع في دبي وأبوظبي والشارقة من خلال الاتصال برقم 00971547952044. نسعى لتقديم أفضل الخدمات في مجال حبوب الاجهاض الامارات، مع توفير حبوب سايتوتك الأصلية بأفضل الأسعار.
إذا كنت في دبي، أبوظبي، الشارقة أو العين، يمكنك الحصول على حبوب الاجهاض الامارات بسهولة وأمان. نحن نضمن لك وصول الحبوب الأصلية بسرية تامة مع خيار الدفع عند الاستلام. حبوب الاجهاض الامارات هي الحل الفعال لإنهاء الحمل غير المرغوب فيه بطريقة آمنة.
تبحث العديد من النساء في الإمارات العربية المتحدة عن حبوب الاجهاض الامارات كبديل للعمليات الجراحية التي تتطلب وقتاً طويلاً وتكلفة عالية. بفضل حبوب الاجهاض الامارات، يمكنك الآن إنهاء الحمل بسلام وأمان في منزلك. نحن نوفر حبوب الاجهاض الامارات الأصلية من إنتاج شركة فايزر، مما يضمن لك الحصول على منتج فعال وآمن.
إذا كنت تبحث عن حبوب الاجهاض الامارات في العين، دبي، أو أبوظبي، يمكنك التواصل معنا عبر الواتس آب أو الاتصال على رقم 00971547952044 للحصول على التفاصيل حول كيفية الشراء والتوصيل. حبوب الاجهاض الامارات متوفرة بأسعار تنافسية، مع تقديم خصومات كبيرة عند الشراء بالجملة.
حبوب الاجهاض الامارات هي الخيار الأمثل لمن تبحث عن وسيلة آمنة وسريعة لإنهاء الحمل غير المرغوب فيه. تواصل معنا اليوم للحصول على حبوب الاجهاض الامارات الأصلية وتجنب أي مشاكل أو مضاعفات صحية.
في النهاية، لا تقلق بشأن الحبوب المقلدة أو الخطرة، فنحن نوفر لك حبوب الاجهاض الامارات الأصلية بأفضل الأسعار وخدمة التوصيل السريع والآمن. اتصل بنا الآن على 00971547952044 لتأكيد طلبك والحصول على حبوب الاجهاض الامارات التي تحتاجها. نحن هنا لمساعدتك وتقديم الدعم اللازم لضمان حصولك على الحل المناسب لمشكلتك.CYTOCHROME P-450 BASED DRUG INTERACTION.pptx
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are a large family of heme-containing enzymes found primarily in the liver. They play a critical role in the metabolism of a wide variety of substances, including drugs, toxins, and endogenous compounds such as hormones and fatty acids. The name "P450" comes from the absorption peak at 450 nm when the enzyme is bound to carbon monoxide. These enzymes facilitate oxidation reactions, which often make substances more water-soluble and easier to excrete from the body.
CYP enzymes are involved in numerous drug interactions due to their ability to metabolize medications. These interactions can lead to altered drug levels, resulting in either reduced efficacy or increased toxicity. Key CYP enzymes include CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2, each responsible for the metabolism of different drugs.
But in this slide share, we only study the drug interaction of the cytochrome P450 enzyme.
Understanding the function and interactions of CYP enzymes is essential in pharmacology to ensure safe and effective drug therapy.
It also includes the mechanisms of drug interaction, i.e., enzyme inhibition and enzyme induction, with proper examples and explained in easy language.
I hope you find it useful.
Thank you so much..
Measuring gravitational attraction with a lattice atom interferometer
Despite being the dominant force of nature on large scales, gravity remains relatively
elusive to precision laboratory experiments. Atom interferometers are powerful tools
for investigating, for example, Earth’s gravity1
, the gravitational constant2
, deviations
from Newtonian gravity3–6
and general relativity7
. However, using atoms in free fall
limits measurement time to a few seconds8
, and much less when measuring
interactions with a small source mass2,5,6,9
. Recently, interferometers with atoms
suspended for 70 s in an optical-lattice mode fltered by an optical cavity have been
demonstrated10–14. However, the optical lattice must balance Earth’s gravity by
applying forces that are a billionfold stronger than the putative signals, so even tiny
imperfections may generate complex systematic efects. Thus, lattice interferometers
have yet to be used for precision tests of gravity. Here we optimize the gravitational
sensitivity of a lattice interferometer and use a system of signal inversions to suppress
and quantify systematic efects. We measure the attraction of a miniature source mass
to be amass = 33.3 ± 5.6stat ± 2.7syst nm s−2, consistent with Newtonian gravity, ruling out
‘screened ffth force’ theories3,15,16 over their natural parameter space. The overall
accuracy of 6.2 nm s−2 surpasses by more than a factor of four the best similar
measurements with atoms in free fall5,6
. Improved atom cooling and tilt-noise
suppression may further increase sensitivity for investigating forces at sub-millimetre
ranges17,18, compact gravimetry19–22, measuring the gravitational Aharonov–Bohm
efect9,23 and the gravitational constant2
, and testing whether the gravitational feld
has quantum properties24.
Artificial Intelligence in biochemistry.pptx
AI : The ability of a machine to mimic intelligent human behaviour Machine Learning and Deep Learning are Both Types of AI
protein structure prediction is arguably one of the longest-standing challenges in biochemistry
Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP), the state of the art tool, in modeling protein structure from amino acid sequence. There have been fifteen previous CASP experiments. The accuracy of CASP has been improved over the years
CASP uses Deep neural network algorithm.
Comparison of Water Bodies in Delhi and Lakshadweep
Comparison of Water Bodies in Delhi and Lakshadweep - Anoop Singh Nagi
Water bodies play a crucial role in shaping the ecology and
lifestyle of regions. This presentation compares the water
bodies in Delhi and Lakshadweep, providing insights into
their types, characteristics, and environmental challenges.
Delhi, a bustling metropolis, features primarily freshwater
bodies such as rivers, lakes, and canals that face significant
pollution issues. In contrast, Lakshadweep, an archipelago in
the Arabian Sea, boasts pristine marine ecosystems including
lagoons and coral reefs known for their rich biodiversity and
clear waters. Understanding these differences highlights the
unique environmental contexts and conservation needs of
each region.
Please Like our PPT for supporting.
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Organic Farming and its importance today in the context of soil health and or...
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Cause and solution of Water hyacinth (Terror of Bengal)
حبوب الاجهاض الامارات | 00971547952044 | حبوب اجهاض امارات للبيع
حبوب الاجهاض الامارات | 00971547952044 | حبوب اجهاض امارات للبيع
Measuring gravitational attraction with a lattice atom interferometer
Measuring gravitational attraction with a lattice atom interferometer
Comparison of Water Bodies in Delhi and Lakshadweep
Comparison of Water Bodies in Delhi and Lakshadweep
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FCC STRUCTURE
- 1. Properties of FCC CRYSTAL
- 2. The constituent particles of a crystalline solid are arranged in a definite fashion in the three dimensional space. Such a regular arrangement of the constituent particles of a crystal in a three dimensional space is called crystal lattice or space lattice. Crystal Structure
- 3. TYPES OF CUBIC CRYSTAL
- 4. UNIT CELL CHARACTERISTICS Volume of Unit Cell No of atoms per unit cell Atomic radius Nearest neighbour distance Coordination number Atomic Packing Fraction Void space Density
- 5. 1) Volume of the unit cell : V= a3 FACE CENTRED CUBIC (FCC) CELL
- 6. 2) Effective Number of Atoms per unit Cell (Z): Z = 4 3) Atomic Radius (r) : In face centered unit cubic cell, atoms situated at the corners are not in contact with each other. They are in contact with the atom situated at the face centered atom of the cell. r = a/ 22 FACE CENTRED CUBIC (FCC) CELL
- 7. 4) Nearest Neighbor Distance, 2r : The centre to centre distance between any two adjacent neighbor atoms is called ‘Nearest Neighbor Distance’. In case of Face Centered Cubic Unit Cell, NND = a/ 2 5) Coordination Number, CN : CN= 12 FACE CENTRED CUBIC (FCC) CELL
- 8. 6) Atomic Packing Fraction (APF): The fraction of actual volume of the unit cell occupied by the atoms is called ‘atomic packing fraction’. FACE CENTRED CUBIC (FCC) CELL
- 9. 7) Void Space= (1-APF)X100% Void Space = 26 % 8) Volume mass Density ( r ): The ratio of mass to volume is called volume mass density of the cell. Therefore it is given by- W=M/NA Z (W) V Z (M/NA) a3 4M NA a3 r = r = r = FACE CENTRED CUBIC (FCC) CELL