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Agenda
 Managing Knowledge in International Firms
Gaining excess to External Knowledge
 International Training and Development
Concepts and Models
 Leadership Training and Development in
Multinational Organizations
 Technology in International Training management
Training employees is indispensable for
international organizations in order to remain
competitive.
International Organizations are far more
exposed to challenges than domestic
businesses because they not only cater to
global markets but face competition
everywhere.
Inefficient employees
Less productive
More mistakes
Declining revenues and profit
Productivity
Innovation
Low employee turnover
High employee morale and Self-Esteem

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A graduate degree, in this manner, might be the best way to prop.docxA graduate degree, in this manner, might be the best way to prop.docx
A graduate degree, in this manner, might be the best way to prop.docx

A graduate degree, in this manner, might be the best way to propel your career, regardless of whether you're hoping to procure a promotion, help your pay, upgrade your professional organization, or change careers. In case you're thinking about a career in international business, here are seven mainstream jobs high-level global examinations or international business degrees can give.  It's a career that slices through complex intercultural issues—assisting you with having an enduring effect on global associations all while situating yourself for professional progression. An international business career empowers you to go throughout the planet, collaborate with undeniable level customers, and shape organizational results. With a developing world economy, numerous partnerships have offices abroad and are searching for international business employees, like management and financial experts, marketing managers, HR professionals, executives, and economists.  Contingent upon your nation of origin, finishing a graduate degree abroad may work out to cost something similar or even not exactly a similar degree at home—so don't naturally excuse the thought dependent on reserves! Graduate degrees on the whole subjects are available abroad, however some academic specializations, specifically, will profit you as a student hugely from the international exposure.   Essay writing services are available for master level in international career. While investigating aces abroad projects, remember that educational programs may be exceptionally shifted even with a similar subject. For example, what may be an instructed, or generally classroom-based, degree at one college could be principally research-situated at another, so make certain to investigate completely to get the correct program fit for you.  1. Fine Arts  International graduate degree programs in the Arts frequently emphasize making and showing your work of art positively, and less spotlight on theory, contrasted with programs in the United States. Craftsmen taking a gander at international degree projects ought to expect a significant spotlight on studio courses that will assist them with building up their art and portfolio all through the program. Projects are extremely changed, nonetheless, and openings exist to have practical experience in interior design, craftsmanship wrongdoing and social legacy insurance, style design, workmanship business, or one of the more customary fine craftsmanship subjects.  2. International Relations  Regardless of whether your inclinations lie in open arrangement or monetary turn of events, studying international relations abroad will train you in the finer marks of multifaceted interaction and diplomacy which are needed to be successful in the field. Maybe an easy decision, however choosing to acquire a graduate degree abroad in international relations is a shrewd initial move towards dispatching a global career. Have practical experience in EU relations, in.

Chapter 3 international staffing
Chapter   3 international staffingChapter   3 international staffing
Chapter 3 international staffing

Prof. Preeti Bhaskar's presentation discusses key aspects of international staffing and expatriate management. It covers approaches to staffing multinational corporations, including ethnocentric, polycentric, geocentric, and regiocentric policies. It also examines factors for expatriate success and failure, selection techniques for expatriates, and ways to reduce expatriate failure rates such as improving selection procedures.

international staffing
Chap009
Chap009Chap009
Chap009

This chapter provides an overview of global human resource management. It discusses recruiting, selecting, training, compensating, and repatriating global employees. The chapter addresses strategy and global HRM fit, global assignments, cross-cultural training, adjustment challenges, and improving repatriation. It introduces key terms and concepts in global HRM and suggests review questions to enhance understanding.

Recruitment and Selection
Training
Development
International Team
Pre-departure Training
International Assignments
The aim in a global business is to get the best ideas
from everywhere. Each team puts up its best ideas
and processes constantly. That raises the bar. Our
culture is designed around
making a hero out of those who translate ideas
from one place to another, who help somebody
else. They get an award, they get praised and
promoted.
 Truly global operations means having a team of international
managers who are available to go anywhere in the world.
 Provide international experience to many levels of managers
 Short-term development assignments ranging from a few months
to several years
 International job rotation
 Attendance at common training and development programs held
either in the parent country, or regional centers, or both
 International meetings in various locations that foster interaction
and personal networks
The international assignment emerges as an
important way of training international
operators, developing the international team,
or cadre, as well as helping to build personal
networks to support soft-control
mechanisms. In this sense, an international
assignment is both training (gaining
international experience and competence) and
managerial and organizational development

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Ghrm imp notesGhrm imp notes
Ghrm imp notes

This chapter provides an overview of global human resource management. It discusses recruiting, selecting, training, compensating, and repatriating global employees. The chapter addresses strategy and global HRM fit, global assignments, cross-cultural training, adjustment challenges, and improving repatriation. It introduces key terms and concepts in global HRM and suggests review questions to enhance understanding.

Expatriate failure
Expatriate failureExpatriate failure
Expatriate failure

This document discusses international assignment failure and expatriates. It provides statistics on failure rates for US, European, and Japanese multinationals. Common reasons for failure include inability to adjust to the new culture or environment, family problems, lack of skills, and short assignment lengths. Failure can be costly and is reduced through careful screening, orientation, cultural training, and support for expatriates and their families. Qualities like cultural flexibility and relationships skills predict success for international assignments.

Mib ihrm
Mib ihrmMib ihrm
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Human resource management involves attracting, developing and maintaining an effective workforce to achieve organizational objectives. International HRM is more complex due to differing cultures, economic conditions, and legal systems among countries. Firms must decide whether to use parent-country nationals, host-country nationals, or third-country nationals as managers. They must also adapt hiring, training, compensation and other HR practices to each country.

 Expatriates are vital for the growth of
international business as they provide skills,
talent, innovations, entrepreneurialism and
knowledge transfer.
 Expatriates are a great value for MNCs due to
the various attributes as presented in Table
Career Cycle
 The career cycle begins with the identification of
the best performers in the home country and
offers him/her a foreign job in subsidiary
company. Otherwise, the best qualified
candidates with best performance record apply
for a foreign job in foreign organizations. The
foreign organizations select the employees
based on the job fit.
Preparing for Foreign Assignment
 The next stage involves preparing the employee
for foreign assignment and family members for
foreign orientation. These activities involve
language training, foreign social and cultural
orientation to employee and family members
and job training to employee.
 Most of the expatriate employees fail in the first
foreign assignment either at the initial stage itself or
at different latter stages either due to cultural shock
or due to maladjustment with the host country's
climatic, security and other environmental
conditions or due to maladjusted with the job
demands or with the behaviour of superior and
colleagues and organizational requirements.
 For example, a Japanese employee could not adjust
with his superior's management style in Toyota in
Brisbane and returned to his country within three
months of his assignment

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There are several key issues to consider in international compensation management: 1. Compensation packages typically include a base salary, allowances, benefits, and consideration of taxes. 2. Packages aim to maintain an expatriate's home country standard of living through the balance sheet approach or match local pay through the going rate approach. 3. Social security systems differ globally and must address issues like benefit portability and which country is responsible for payments.

Dr. Jhansi Rani M R - Module IV A - Expatriate Training & Development
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Role of expatriate training, pre-departure training, developing staff through international assignment. Inpatriate, Repatriation Adjustment - Social Factors, Repatriation - Knowledge Transfer, Reasons why MNCs/MNEs should Prefer Global HR Development?

role of expatriate trainingpre-departure trainingdeveloping staff through international assignment.
WPE NAWDP2016 PPT -- Soft Skills Findings
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The document discusses incumbent worker training provided by the Anne Arundel Workforce Development Corporation (AAWDC) to address soft skills gaps. It summarizes AAWDC's research which found that employers desired soft skills like communication, time management, and adaptability over technical skills. AAWDC created a soft skills training program called the Workplace Excellence Series to teach competencies identified as lacking like adapting to change, verbal communication, and understanding the employer's perspective. The training is incorporated into AAWDC's initiatives and occupational training and also offered as a fee-for-service to businesses.

Why Expatriates Fail?
There would be several reasons for the failure of the expatriates in
their foreign assignments. The Board reasons include:
 Inability of spouse to adjust to foreign environment
 Inability of employees to adjust
 Other family Problems
 Employee's personal or emotional maturity
 Inability to cope up with larger overseas responsibilities
 Difficulties with new environment
 Absence of educational, health and recreational facilities in host
countries
 Lack of technical and job related competence
 Unsafe living and working conditions in host countries.
1. Lack of Technical and Managerial Competence
2. Employee's Inability to Adjust to Organizational
Climate
3. Employee's Personal and Emotion Immaturity
- broad mindedness, mental stability, emotional
intelligence and balance
4. Unattractive Pay Package
-Employees experience high income tax rate, high
cost of living and other ground realities after a few
months of their arrival in the host country. Added to
this, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates reduce
their savings or financial gains from the foreign
assignment
5. Poor Educational, Health and Recreational
Facilities
6. Unsafe Living and Working Conditions
7. Family Problems
-Various studies indicate that this is one of the
major problems for expatriate's failure. Employees'
family problems at home like old parents, and
other dependents, social and family events,
customs and traditions to be performed influence
the employee and his/her spouse to think of
repatriating to home country
8. Inability of spouse to Adjust
Spouses fail to adjust to a foreign country's
environment due to:
 Lack of familiar social network of family and
friends;
 Language differences that make difficult of
developing new friends and network;
 Feel of tapped at home;
 Immigration rules that inhabit the spouse to
take up part-time employment;
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The document discusses the strategic role of human resources in global environments. It examines how global corporations manage human resources and social responsibility across different countries and cultures. Some key challenges for international human resource management include variations in laws, economies, and cultures between locations. The document recommends that companies develop centralized reporting relationships, standardized practices, and consistent corporate cultures while also giving regional autonomy. It emphasizes the importance of cultural awareness and developing global leaders.

Chap11
Chap11Chap11
Chap11

The document defines different types of international workers and discusses four approaches to human resource management. It also covers selecting and training international staff, maximizing human resources through training and development programs, and retaining human resources by addressing cultural differences in compensation, performance evaluation, and repatriation challenges.

Chap11
Chap11Chap11
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The document defines different types of international workers and discusses four approaches to human resource management. It also covers selecting and training international staff, maximizing human resources through training and development, and retaining human resources by addressing cultural motivations, compensation, performance evaluations, and repatriation challenges.

 Poor educational, health and recreational facilities at the
host country;
 Unsafe living and working conditions in the host country;
 Development of dual career family groups at home and
inability of one of the spouses to get employment in the
same city of the host country.
One study indicates that 49% the spouses were employed in
the host country before commencement of foreign
assignment of an expatriate employee and only 11% were
employed during the assignment. Another study indicates
that main reason for turning down of foreign assignment
has been due to spouse's career at home.
One study found that lack of spouse's satisfaction is
responsible to the tune of 22% of expatriates' failure
3. Staffing Techniques
4. Areas of Global Training and Development
 Technical training;
 Functional training;
 Strategic management skills training;
 Soft-skills training;
 Cross-cultural training;
 Language training;
 Pre-departure training;
 Expatriate training;
 Training for short-term assignments;
 On-the-job training assignments;
 Global mind-set training;
 Team training;
 Management development
Program Information/Skill
 Pre-Departure
Training:
 Post-Arrival
Training:
 Integrative
Training:
Basic cultural knowledge, broad about the location, climate,
current, banking, marketing, education, health, transportation,
hotels, recreational, etc.
Values, beliefs, perceptions, attitudes, specific behaviours at the
eating places, educational institutions and with superiors,
subordinates,colleagues and other stakeholders.
Deeper involvement in personal and family lives of superiors,
subordinates, colleagues and other stakeholders that affect work
culture. Habits, priorities, preferences and specific behaviours of
various cultures. Infuse the value that ‘all cultures are good and
follow the giveand take and accommodative approach’.
 Cultural awareness programs
 Preliminary Visits
 Language training
 Practical assistance
 Training for the training role
 TCN and HCN expatriate training

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Presentation Faten Alnassar 201302248 Course : Technical and professional.comm Become a Research volunteer Become a Research volunteer There is no specific purpose of this brochure actually it has multiple purposes or blend of purposes At the beginning they started with showing the true meaning of becoming a volunteer in the research field and how this may help the community in a good way. Then they changed the purpose from being an informative to be a instructional by showing how can you submit your voluntary request and they have given advises on how to choose the right research that fits you. After that they started to put facts to get more attention and to convince others so they changed the purpose again to be persuasive by showing advantages for being a volunteer and why should you volunteer and how you will be protected. So this brochure has combined the three purposes started as an informative and continued to be instructional and then to attract and convince it became persuasive. E. PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE 1. Expectation The student will be able to perform professional responsibilities effectively in both local and international contexts. 2. Indicators of Success 1. Maintains a good work ethic. 2. Sustains positive relations with supervisors, co-workers and clients. 3. Performs professional tasks effectively and efficiently in local and international contexts. 4. Improves and increases professional competence over time. 5. Demonstrates integrity and ethical behavior. 3. Professional Indicator 1 Maintains a good work ethic. Achievement criteria: · Adheres to rules and procedures. · Takes responsibility as necessary to produce expected results. Standards of Performance Beginning Intermediate Advanced With guidance, can adhere to rules and procedures; rarely works extra to meet deadlines; sometimes accepts extra work assignments. Adheres to rules and procedures; works as needed to meet deadlines; volunteers extra work to complete assignments. Adheres to rules and procedures; completes assignments by or before deadlines; volunteers work that promotes employer’s success. 4. Professional Indicator 2 Sustains positive relations with supervisors, co-workers and clients. Achievement criteria: · Maintains positive interpersonal relations. · Supports and promotes employer’s vision and goals. Standards of Performance Beginning Intermediate Advanced Has difficulty maintaining positive working relationships; sees job primarily in terms of personal benefits. Maintains positive working relationships; supports employer’s goals; sees job as helping employer meet goals and in terms of personal benefit and professional opportunity. Maintains excellent working relationships; supports and promotes employer’s goals; accepts and volunteers work that promotes employer’s success; sees job in terms of personal benefit and future professional opportunity. 5. Professional Indicator 3 Performs professional tasks effectively and efficien.

Managing expatriates
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This document discusses issues related to managing human resources internationally. It begins by outlining challenges such as cultural differences, legal compliance, and managing expatriates. It then examines topics like selecting international staff, providing cross-cultural training, establishing global compensation, ensuring safety abroad, and facilitating successful repatriation. Key recommendations include selecting candidates based on cultural skills over just technical skills, ongoing support for expatriates and families, and standardizing goals while allowing flexibility in practices to suit different country contexts.

Professional Development
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Professional Development (PD) is quite simply a means of supporting people in the workplace to understand more about the environment in which they work, the job they do and how to do it better. It is an ongoing process throughout our working lives. PD opportunities provide a means whereby we can keep in sync the changes, broaden our skills and be more effective in our work.

examples of pdprofessional developmentbenefits to individual and employers
 Five stages:
1) Determination of Training Needs
2) Design of Training Courses
3) Implementation of Training Courses
4) Assessment of Training Utility
5) Renewal of Training System
Internationalization of training function can be
attributed partially to leardership development
initiatives.
since this is the area where organisations have
realized benefits of moving away from
localization of training particularly the design
and development of training courses.
Today, increasing number of global
organizations have built a globally valid
leadership competency framework based on
which leadership development courses are
designed and delivered.
Companies such as Microsoft, Amazon and
Google Have their own Leadership
development centres imparting leadership
development aligning to their company vision
and culture as illustrated below:
Tough and highly result-oriented culture
Leadership competency Framework
Trained and Coached on this below Principles
1. Customer Obession – Observe customers not competitors
2. Ownership – ‘its not my job’
3. Invent and Simplify – new ways-simplify p-do not believe that we have the best
solution
4. Are right, a lot – diverse perspectives
5. Hire and develop the best – Hire and Promotion, Develop leaders, coaching &
mentoring- Exceptional Talent
6. Insist on the highest standards – Push and Motivate their employees
7. Think big – serve customers, think differently.
8. Bias for Action – Speed decision making
9. Frugality – Growing fixed cost not encourgaed
10. Learn and be curious – seek to improve, new possibilty, new exploration
11. Earn Trust – Listen attenticely, speak candidly and treat respectfully, benchmarking
12. Dive deep – Operate at all levels, stay connected, audit frequently
13. Have backbone; disagree and commit
14. Deliver Results – right quality

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Welcome to the Level 4 Diploma in Health and Social Care, a prestigious and Ofqual-accredited qualification delivered online by the London School of Business and Research, UK. This comprehensive program is designed to equip individuals with the knowledge and skills required for a successful career in the dynamic field of health and social care. As a Level 4 qualification, it represents an advanced stage of learning, suitable for those aspiring to take on leadership roles or enhance their existing expertise in this crucial sector. Course Overview: This diploma program delves into key aspects of health and social care, providing a deep understanding of contemporary issues, policies, and practices. From exploring the principles of safeguarding to analyzing healthcare management and leadership, students will gain insights into the multifaceted dimensions of this vital industry. The curriculum is meticulously crafted to address the evolving challenges faced by professionals in health and social care, fostering critical thinking, ethical decision-making, and effective communication skills. Flexible Learning for Professionals: Recognizing the diverse needs of working professionals, this online course offers a flexible learning environment. With no exams and assessment based solely on assignment submissions, it allows individuals to seamlessly integrate their studies into their work schedules. This feature makes it an ideal choice for those seeking career advancement without compromising their professional commitments. Key Features: No Exams: Assessment is solely based on assignment submissions. Accredited: Ofqual, UK accredited qualification. Online Delivery: Learn from anywhere with an internet connection. Career-Focused: Develop skills relevant to the health and social care industry. Expert Faculty: Learn from industry-experienced instructors. Networking Opportunities: Connect with professionals in the field. Who Should Enroll: This diploma is tailored for individuals working or aspiring to work in health and social care settings. It's suitable for care managers, support workers, healthcare assistants, and anyone seeking a comprehensive understanding of this vital sector. How to Enrol: Enrolling in the Level 4 Diploma in Health and Social Care is simple. Visit our website https://www.lsbr.uk/course/qualifi-diploma-in-health-and-social-care-level-4/ to access detailed course information, entry requirements, and the enrollment process.

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The document is a resume for Sharon Dale Charles summarizing her experience in human resources and training roles in both the USA and Trinidad & Tobago. She has over 20 years of experience in human resources management, training administration, counseling, and consulting. Her resume highlights various roles and responsibilities in recruiting, learning and development, employee relations, and more. She holds dual citizenship in the USA and Trinidad & Tobago.

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CASE STUDY 3: SURPRESSING OF MATERIAL FACTS DURING SELECTION PROCESS IN MANUFACTURING COMPANY: EMPLOYEE DISSMISAL OR CONTINUATION OF EMPLOYMENT. AUTHOR: SHWETHA G Y INTRODUCTION Surpression of Material Facts is the situation in which important and relevant facts and conclusions that are in the public interest to be disclosed are concealed or withheld from the public domain. Suppression means not providing information which the person is legally required to state, but is intentionally or deliberately not stated. Any wilful misstatement or suppression of facts by the employees during the time of selection process is considered as misconduct as per the companies standing orders act 1946.The present case study tries to analyse the employees surpressing of facts during the time of selection process. The manufacturing company's efforts and necessary steps have been reflected in the case report as this is the case of suppression of facts/information as per the standing orders act 1946 of the company. Misconduct CASE SCENERIO Hindustan Machine Tools was incorporated in 1953 by the Government of India as a machine tool manufacturing company. Over the years, HMT diversified into watches, tractors, printing machinery, metal forming presses, die casting and plastic processing machinery, and CNC systems and bearings. HMT is headquartered in Bengaluru (Bangalore). HMT Watch Factory – IV, Tumkur Divison, one of leading manufacturing industry in tumkur set up as additional manufacturing facilities to produce watch components sets at Tumkur in 1978 and at Ranibagh in 1985.The factory at Tumkur was partially converted to manufacture quartz analog watches in collaboration with Citizen. Where a case was happened in the year 1980 when they called the post of operators at the tumkur division. The qualification required is any PUC or Graduate fail candidate. In HMT Watch Factory – IV, Tumkur Divison 1800 persons were employed in different cadre in the year 1980. In which about 250 employees surpressed the fact that they were all undergraduates eventhough they are the graduates to take up the job in the public undertaking company. Later after a couple of months it was found by the management that they were all graduates. CHALLENGE: Dismissal/continuation of Employment OUTCOME: The management conducted that this as misconduct as per the standing orders of the company and violation of company policies and Breach of Trust. As per the standing orders act 1946, a notice issued to the concerned employee to show cause within three days from the date of issue of this letter. With reference to this the concerned employees inadvertently declared at the time of appointment that he was undergraduate fail / PUC but not with intention. The management with reference to the show cause notice given by employees dismissed employees from the job as per the standing orders act 1946.All the 250 employees went to the court of law. The judgement given by the court is to take back th

A leadership competency framework helps you
to clearly define your leadership goals and how
they will enable your organization to succeed.
It also creates a common leadership language
that aligns the expectations and actions of
leaders at all levels and roles.
 Effective Communication. ...
 Building Your Leadership Style. ...
 Developing People. ...
 Using Emotional Intelligence. ...
 Managing Stress And Conflict. ...
 Leading Innovation And Change. ...
 Leading Remote Teams. ...
 Conclusion.
HR's main goals in organizations are to attract,
select, motivate, and maintain talented employees
in their roles, and technology has changed the way
HR processes are managed.
HRIS shapes the integration between IHRM and
information technology.HRIS is a management
system specially designed to provide managers
with information to make personnel decisions.
It Is a system that allows you to keep track of all
employees and information about them. It is
usually done in databases, or more often in a
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Information systems have increased the
efficiency of IHRM through more efficient
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Objectives of information systems HRIS shapes
the integration between IHRM and information
technology.
Accurate
Relevant and
Timely
HRIS enables to collect, store, manipulate,
analyze, retrieve and distribute information
from the internal and external environment.
External
Internal
Examples of information collected from human
resources rooms or from their surroundings and
that is part of HRIS, such as:
Employee information (name, age, qualifications;
Type of employee employed during the year;
Training and development;
Performance appraisal results;
Promotion, demotion, transfer, separation of
employees;
Compensation packages, both financial and non-
financial, are provided;
Absenteeism and revenue; Maintenance, safety and
health services
Human resources available from different
sources;
Training and development facilities available
outside the organization;
Expectations of human resources from the
organization;
Government policies affecting employment
conditions and employment laws;
The trade union movement and its attitudes to
employers; IHRM practice benchmarks

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The document discusses emotions and moods. It defines affect as a broad range of feelings experienced by people. Emotions are intense, directed feelings while moods are less intense and lack a specific stimulus. Emotions are brief while moods can last hours or days. Emotions are action-oriented and caused by specific events, while moods are more cognitive and their causes are unclear. The document also discusses different emotions like happiness, hope, anger, love, fear, sadness and provides examples. It distinguishes between felt emotions, displayed emotions, surface acting and deep acting.

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This document defines attitude and its components. An attitude is a positive or negative evaluation of an object that influences behavior toward that object. It has three components - cognitive, affective, and behavioral. The cognitive component comprises facts and knowledge about an object. The affective component involves emotions like liking or disliking. The behavioral component is the tendency to act in a certain way depending on the first two components. Attitudes have objects, are learned through experience, predispose behavior, influence actions, and can be positive, negative, neutral or sikken.

Technology in IHRM
Information technology has influenced almost
every aspect of the organizational process,
including IHRM processes and practice. From a
position associated with administrative
management, the information system has
become a strategic partner of organizations,
largely due to the use of technology in
International Organizations
Cost
Access
Standardization
World-class course content
Instruction Design
Highly Reliable
Automation and adaptive learning
Digital Medium
Examples of digital media include software,
digital images, digital video, video games, web
pages and websites, social media, digital data
and databases, digital audio such as MP3,
electronic documents and electronic books
This digital solution communicates, processes,
and stores information in digital form. We can
here mention the computer as the most known
typical example of a digital system. Also,
mobile phones, radios, megaphones, and many
more are considered digital systems.

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This document outlines the key aspects of The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act of 1952 in India. It establishes three major schemes - the Employees' Provident Fund Scheme (1952), the Employees' Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme (1976), and the Employees' Pension Scheme (1995). It defines important terms, sets contribution rates for employers and employees for the provident fund, pension scheme and deposit-linked insurance, and establishes damages that can be recovered from employers for late or non-payment of contributions.

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What type of technology is automation?
Automation involves a very broad range of
technologies including robotics and expert
systems, telemetry and communications,
electro-optics, Cybersecurity, process
measurement and control, sensors, wireless
applications, systems integration, test
measurement, and many, many more
 Mobile Learning
 Online digital Training
Youtube
Netflix
Technologies-Skype,Google,Hangouts
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The process of Knowledge Management is the
process of being able to document, store, and
communicate data and information so that it can
be applied to a company’s knowledge.
It is often used as a way to help educate
employees, give employees access to information,
and store knowledge in an organized format.
The primary goal of Knowledge Management is to
be able to efficiently get the right information and
knowledge to the right person in a timely manner.
Knowledge management is the conscious process of
defining, structuring, retaining, and sharing the
knowledge and experience of employees within an
organization.
The primary goal of knowledge management is
facilitating the connection of staff looking for
information, or institutional knowledge, with the
people who have it.
It often refers to training and learning in an
organization or of its customers. It consists of a cycle
of creating, sharing, structuring, and auditing
knowledge to maximize the effectiveness of an
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Knowledge management in practice
Knowledge management can be separated into
three main areas:
 Accumulating knowledge
 Storing knowledge
 Sharing knowledge
Types of knowledge
When discussing knowledge management, it is helpful to consider the different
types of knowledge and how it is possible to share them within an organization.
The information knowledge management covers can generally be broken down
into three main types:
 1. Explicit knowledge is knowledge and information that can be easily
codified and taught, such as how to change the toner in a printer and
mathematical equations.
 2. Implicit knowledge is knowledge that explains how best to implement
explicit knowledge. For example, consider discussing a task with an
experienced co-worker. They may provide explicit steps detailing how to
complete the job. But they may also use their understanding of the situation
to consider different options and decide the best approach for your given
circumstances. The experienced employee utilizes and shares their implicit
knowledge to improve how the team operates.
 3. Tacit knowledge is knowledge gained through experience. Therefore, it is
more intuitive and less easy to share with others. Examples of tacit
knowledge are “know-hows”, innovative thinking, and understanding body
language.
Examples of knowledge management
 Staff retiring
An employee’s knowledge and skillset grow as they spend time
with an organization. As a result, staff typically retire with a
wealth of expertise that the company needs to mine using
efficient knowledge management processes in order to reduce
disruption and prevent workforce knowledge gaps.
This means identifying and capturing the meaningful
information that needs to be retained by the organization and
determining the best approach for storing and distribution.
 Employee transfer or promotion
When staff change positions within a company, they must
develop additional skillsets and expertise to match their new
role.
Efficient knowledge management procedures simplify delivering
this information to create a seamless transition from one
position to another.
Benefits of knowledge management
A survey of over 286 people working in knowledge
management across a range of industries, locations,
and company sizes found the most significant
benefits to be:
 Reduced time to find information
 Reduced time for new staff to become competent
 Reduced operational costs
 Improved customer satisfaction
 Improved bid win/loss ratio

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Knowledge management process
1. Introduction
 A primary rationale for the existence of MNCs is
their ability to transfer knowledge more
effectively and efficiently than through market
mechanisms
 Accenture invested in the development of a
global knowledge management system with
thousands of databases where consultants would
enter knowledge about projects into the system
for other members to access it.
Sender unit’s ability and willingness.
● Disseminative capacity refers to the ability and willingness of organisational
members to share knowledge (Minbaeva and Michailova, 2004).
▪ For sharing explicit knowledge, this pedagogical ability is evidenced by source
unit’s proficiency in codifying knowledge in manuals, reports and systems
avail.to other parts of the corporation.
▪ Sharing tacit knowledge is more difficult, requiring skills in interpersonal and
face-to-face interaction (good language and communication skills and
understanding of cross-cultural factors).
▪ For knowledge sharing to take place, the source of the knowledge must be
willing to share it (Szulanski, 1996): ‘why help others in an organisation with
something that is a key competitive advantage for one’s own career?
● Social status and reputation play important roles in shaping the context for
knowledge sharing: people gain status when considered as knowledgeable and
sharing knowledge with others is a good way for them to enhance their
reputation.
▪ Knowledge sharing requires social networks within the MNC where reputations
are built and where people learn not only what the useful sources of knowledge
are, but also who is willing to engage in joint problem solving.
Receiver unit’s ability and willingness
Relationship between the sending and
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Disseminating information about superior
performance and knowledge
▪ It is important to identify superior practices by
measuring relevant dimensions of unit
performance. By making performance data widely
available, the units can themselves uncover
examples of unique and valuable knowledge.
❖Alfa Laval Agri from Sweden held quarterly
meetings for all its subsidiary managers where
they were required to present performance data
along multiple dimensions, which helped to reduce
the bias present in internal assessments of
capabilities and stimulated knowledge sharing
among the units (Monteiro et al., 2008).
Employing HRM practices that influence the
ability and motivation of employees to absorb
knowledge
▪ Research shows that successful
implementation of traditional HR practices can
enhance a unit’s absorptive capacity (Minbaeva
et al., 2003) e.g. by recruiting people with
required skills/knowledge or investing in
training and development. Performance
management systems give employees direction
for enhancing their competencies to meet the
organisation’s knowledge needs
 When individuals perceive that they are rewarded
for their performance and expertise, sharing
knowledge with others may be seen contrary to
their interest
 Knowledge sharing is part of the formal
performance reviews for managers and
engineers. Schlumberger field engineers have
objectives relating to best practices, lessons
learned and other aspects of knowledge sharing.
An incentive system encouraging collaboration
and knowledge sharing is more likely to produce
these outcomes than a performance evaluation
system
 intrinsic motivation is more effective than
the motivation of extrinsic rewards when tacit
knowledge is involved. In certain
circumstances, the use of rewards may be
counter-productive, which implies that we
cannot simply pay for a knowledge-sharing
behaviour: such collaborative behaviour must
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Selecting expatriates with knowledge sharing
in mind
▪ Cross-border transfers of personnel is one of
the most important levels of knowledge
sharing that MNCs have at their disposal. The
close interactions of experienced expatriates
with employees in their local units offer
opportunities for sharing tacit knowledge
 Toyota’s global strategy has been focused on
gaining market share by building manufacturing
plants in markets all over the world. Employees
from these new locations were taught the Toyota
Way (production and manufacturing philosophy
of continuous improvement), tacit knowledge
transferred through extensive of expatriates.
❖Toyota expanded and did not have enough
expatriates. To speed up the learning process and
to reinforce the knowledge transfer mechanism,
Toyota created a Global Production Center in
Toyota City with the goal of accelerating
development of local employees with deep
knowledge of the Toyota production system (TPS).
Designing appropriate structural mechanisms
▪ Various lateral structural mechanisms are
used in part or primarily to stimulate
knowledge sharing. E.g., product development
committees with members that represent
different geographic units and functional areas
are established with the aim of tapping into the
different perspectives and pools of experience
that the members bring to the committee
Building a conductive social architecture: social
capital, social norms and global mindsets
▪ The social relationship between the source
and the receiver is another strong determinant
of knowledge sharing within MNCs

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原版一模一样【微信:741003700 】【(leeds毕业证书)英国利兹大学毕业证成绩单】【微信:741003700 】学位证,留信学历认证(真实可查,永久存档)原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、在读证明、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本,帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题!外壳,原版制作,诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本。行业标杆!精益求精,诚心合作,真诚制作!多年品质 ,按需精细制作,24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题,包您满意。 本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数,能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺:水印,阴影底纹,钢印LOGO烫金烫银,LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】 一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等! 二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证(教育部存档!教育部留服网站永久可查) 四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况: ◇在校期间,因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力,希望尽快拿到; ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备; ◇回国时间很长,忘记办理; ◇回国马上就要找工作,办给用人单位看; ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内,将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后,同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料,供国家高端企业选择人才 办理(leeds毕业证书)英国利兹大学毕业证【微信:741003700 】外观非常简单,由纸质材料制成,上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。 办理(leeds毕业证书)英国利兹大学毕业证【微信:741003700 】格式相对统一,各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分: 校徽:象征着学校的荣誉和传承。 校名:学校英文全称 授予学位:本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。 毕业生姓名:这是最重要的信息之一,标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。 颁发日期:这是毕业正式生效的时间,也代表着毕业生学业的结束。 其他信息:根据不同的专业和学位,可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。 办理(leeds毕业证书)英国利兹大学毕业证【微信:741003700 】价值很高,需要妥善保管。一般来说,应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方,避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用,最好使用复印件而不是原件,以免丢失。 综上所述,办理(leeds毕业证书)英国利兹大学毕业证【微信:741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重,格式统一,包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说,妥善保管是非常重要的。

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IHRM 2.pptx

  • 1. Agenda  Managing Knowledge in International Firms Gaining excess to External Knowledge  International Training and Development Concepts and Models  Leadership Training and Development in Multinational Organizations  Technology in International Training management
  • 2. Training employees is indispensable for international organizations in order to remain competitive. International Organizations are far more exposed to challenges than domestic businesses because they not only cater to global markets but face competition everywhere.
  • 3. Inefficient employees Less productive More mistakes Declining revenues and profit
  • 4. Productivity Innovation Low employee turnover High employee morale and Self-Esteem
  • 5. Recruitment and Selection Training Development International Team Pre-departure Training International Assignments
  • 6. The aim in a global business is to get the best ideas from everywhere. Each team puts up its best ideas and processes constantly. That raises the bar. Our culture is designed around making a hero out of those who translate ideas from one place to another, who help somebody else. They get an award, they get praised and promoted.
  • 7.  Truly global operations means having a team of international managers who are available to go anywhere in the world.  Provide international experience to many levels of managers  Short-term development assignments ranging from a few months to several years  International job rotation  Attendance at common training and development programs held either in the parent country, or regional centers, or both  International meetings in various locations that foster interaction and personal networks
  • 8. The international assignment emerges as an important way of training international operators, developing the international team, or cadre, as well as helping to build personal networks to support soft-control mechanisms. In this sense, an international assignment is both training (gaining international experience and competence) and managerial and organizational development
  • 9.  Expatriates are vital for the growth of international business as they provide skills, talent, innovations, entrepreneurialism and knowledge transfer.  Expatriates are a great value for MNCs due to the various attributes as presented in Table
  • 10. Career Cycle  The career cycle begins with the identification of the best performers in the home country and offers him/her a foreign job in subsidiary company. Otherwise, the best qualified candidates with best performance record apply for a foreign job in foreign organizations. The foreign organizations select the employees based on the job fit.
  • 11. Preparing for Foreign Assignment  The next stage involves preparing the employee for foreign assignment and family members for foreign orientation. These activities involve language training, foreign social and cultural orientation to employee and family members and job training to employee.
  • 12.  Most of the expatriate employees fail in the first foreign assignment either at the initial stage itself or at different latter stages either due to cultural shock or due to maladjustment with the host country's climatic, security and other environmental conditions or due to maladjusted with the job demands or with the behaviour of superior and colleagues and organizational requirements.  For example, a Japanese employee could not adjust with his superior's management style in Toyota in Brisbane and returned to his country within three months of his assignment
  • 13. Why Expatriates Fail? There would be several reasons for the failure of the expatriates in their foreign assignments. The Board reasons include:  Inability of spouse to adjust to foreign environment  Inability of employees to adjust  Other family Problems  Employee's personal or emotional maturity  Inability to cope up with larger overseas responsibilities  Difficulties with new environment  Absence of educational, health and recreational facilities in host countries  Lack of technical and job related competence  Unsafe living and working conditions in host countries.
  • 14. 1. Lack of Technical and Managerial Competence 2. Employee's Inability to Adjust to Organizational Climate 3. Employee's Personal and Emotion Immaturity - broad mindedness, mental stability, emotional intelligence and balance 4. Unattractive Pay Package -Employees experience high income tax rate, high cost of living and other ground realities after a few months of their arrival in the host country. Added to this, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates reduce their savings or financial gains from the foreign assignment
  • 15. 5. Poor Educational, Health and Recreational Facilities 6. Unsafe Living and Working Conditions 7. Family Problems -Various studies indicate that this is one of the major problems for expatriate's failure. Employees' family problems at home like old parents, and other dependents, social and family events, customs and traditions to be performed influence the employee and his/her spouse to think of repatriating to home country 8. Inability of spouse to Adjust
  • 16. Spouses fail to adjust to a foreign country's environment due to:  Lack of familiar social network of family and friends;  Language differences that make difficult of developing new friends and network;  Feel of tapped at home;  Immigration rules that inhabit the spouse to take up part-time employment;  Cultural variations;
  • 17.  Poor educational, health and recreational facilities at the host country;  Unsafe living and working conditions in the host country;  Development of dual career family groups at home and inability of one of the spouses to get employment in the same city of the host country. One study indicates that 49% the spouses were employed in the host country before commencement of foreign assignment of an expatriate employee and only 11% were employed during the assignment. Another study indicates that main reason for turning down of foreign assignment has been due to spouse's career at home. One study found that lack of spouse's satisfaction is responsible to the tune of 22% of expatriates' failure
  • 18. 3. Staffing Techniques 4. Areas of Global Training and Development  Technical training;  Functional training;  Strategic management skills training;  Soft-skills training;  Cross-cultural training;  Language training;  Pre-departure training;  Expatriate training;  Training for short-term assignments;  On-the-job training assignments;  Global mind-set training;  Team training;  Management development
  • 19. Program Information/Skill  Pre-Departure Training:  Post-Arrival Training:  Integrative Training: Basic cultural knowledge, broad about the location, climate, current, banking, marketing, education, health, transportation, hotels, recreational, etc. Values, beliefs, perceptions, attitudes, specific behaviours at the eating places, educational institutions and with superiors, subordinates,colleagues and other stakeholders. Deeper involvement in personal and family lives of superiors, subordinates, colleagues and other stakeholders that affect work culture. Habits, priorities, preferences and specific behaviours of various cultures. Infuse the value that ‘all cultures are good and follow the giveand take and accommodative approach’.
  • 20.  Cultural awareness programs  Preliminary Visits  Language training  Practical assistance  Training for the training role  TCN and HCN expatriate training
  • 21.  Five stages: 1) Determination of Training Needs 2) Design of Training Courses 3) Implementation of Training Courses 4) Assessment of Training Utility 5) Renewal of Training System
  • 22. Internationalization of training function can be attributed partially to leardership development initiatives. since this is the area where organisations have realized benefits of moving away from localization of training particularly the design and development of training courses.
  • 23. Today, increasing number of global organizations have built a globally valid leadership competency framework based on which leadership development courses are designed and delivered. Companies such as Microsoft, Amazon and Google Have their own Leadership development centres imparting leadership development aligning to their company vision and culture as illustrated below:
  • 24. Tough and highly result-oriented culture Leadership competency Framework Trained and Coached on this below Principles 1. Customer Obession – Observe customers not competitors 2. Ownership – ‘its not my job’ 3. Invent and Simplify – new ways-simplify p-do not believe that we have the best solution 4. Are right, a lot – diverse perspectives 5. Hire and develop the best – Hire and Promotion, Develop leaders, coaching & mentoring- Exceptional Talent 6. Insist on the highest standards – Push and Motivate their employees 7. Think big – serve customers, think differently. 8. Bias for Action – Speed decision making 9. Frugality – Growing fixed cost not encourgaed 10. Learn and be curious – seek to improve, new possibilty, new exploration 11. Earn Trust – Listen attenticely, speak candidly and treat respectfully, benchmarking 12. Dive deep – Operate at all levels, stay connected, audit frequently 13. Have backbone; disagree and commit 14. Deliver Results – right quality
  • 25. A leadership competency framework helps you to clearly define your leadership goals and how they will enable your organization to succeed. It also creates a common leadership language that aligns the expectations and actions of leaders at all levels and roles.
  • 26.  Effective Communication. ...  Building Your Leadership Style. ...  Developing People. ...  Using Emotional Intelligence. ...  Managing Stress And Conflict. ...  Leading Innovation And Change. ...  Leading Remote Teams. ...  Conclusion.
  • 27. HR's main goals in organizations are to attract, select, motivate, and maintain talented employees in their roles, and technology has changed the way HR processes are managed. HRIS shapes the integration between IHRM and information technology.HRIS is a management system specially designed to provide managers with information to make personnel decisions. It Is a system that allows you to keep track of all employees and information about them. It is usually done in databases, or more often in a variety of inter-related databases.
  • 28. Information systems have increased the efficiency of IHRM through more efficient recruitment methods, organizational communication, employee participation, and increased skills of personnel managers.
  • 29. Objectives of information systems HRIS shapes the integration between IHRM and information technology. Accurate Relevant and Timely
  • 30. HRIS enables to collect, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve and distribute information from the internal and external environment. External Internal
  • 31. Examples of information collected from human resources rooms or from their surroundings and that is part of HRIS, such as: Employee information (name, age, qualifications; Type of employee employed during the year; Training and development; Performance appraisal results; Promotion, demotion, transfer, separation of employees; Compensation packages, both financial and non- financial, are provided; Absenteeism and revenue; Maintenance, safety and health services
  • 32. Human resources available from different sources; Training and development facilities available outside the organization; Expectations of human resources from the organization; Government policies affecting employment conditions and employment laws; The trade union movement and its attitudes to employers; IHRM practice benchmarks
  • 33. Technology in IHRM Information technology has influenced almost every aspect of the organizational process, including IHRM processes and practice. From a position associated with administrative management, the information system has become a strategic partner of organizations, largely due to the use of technology in International Organizations
  • 35. Automation and adaptive learning Digital Medium Examples of digital media include software, digital images, digital video, video games, web pages and websites, social media, digital data and databases, digital audio such as MP3, electronic documents and electronic books
  • 36. This digital solution communicates, processes, and stores information in digital form. We can here mention the computer as the most known typical example of a digital system. Also, mobile phones, radios, megaphones, and many more are considered digital systems.
  • 37. What type of technology is automation? Automation involves a very broad range of technologies including robotics and expert systems, telemetry and communications, electro-optics, Cybersecurity, process measurement and control, sensors, wireless applications, systems integration, test measurement, and many, many more
  • 38.  Mobile Learning  Online digital Training Youtube Netflix Technologies-Skype,Google,Hangouts Videobased Training  HTML and Responsive design Hypertext Markup Language  Data Analytics  Robotics – assisted learning
  • 39. The process of Knowledge Management is the process of being able to document, store, and communicate data and information so that it can be applied to a company’s knowledge. It is often used as a way to help educate employees, give employees access to information, and store knowledge in an organized format. The primary goal of Knowledge Management is to be able to efficiently get the right information and knowledge to the right person in a timely manner.
  • 40. Knowledge management is the conscious process of defining, structuring, retaining, and sharing the knowledge and experience of employees within an organization. The primary goal of knowledge management is facilitating the connection of staff looking for information, or institutional knowledge, with the people who have it. It often refers to training and learning in an organization or of its customers. It consists of a cycle of creating, sharing, structuring, and auditing knowledge to maximize the effectiveness of an organization’s collective expertise
  • 41. Knowledge management in practice Knowledge management can be separated into three main areas:  Accumulating knowledge  Storing knowledge  Sharing knowledge
  • 42. Types of knowledge When discussing knowledge management, it is helpful to consider the different types of knowledge and how it is possible to share them within an organization. The information knowledge management covers can generally be broken down into three main types:  1. Explicit knowledge is knowledge and information that can be easily codified and taught, such as how to change the toner in a printer and mathematical equations.  2. Implicit knowledge is knowledge that explains how best to implement explicit knowledge. For example, consider discussing a task with an experienced co-worker. They may provide explicit steps detailing how to complete the job. But they may also use their understanding of the situation to consider different options and decide the best approach for your given circumstances. The experienced employee utilizes and shares their implicit knowledge to improve how the team operates.  3. Tacit knowledge is knowledge gained through experience. Therefore, it is more intuitive and less easy to share with others. Examples of tacit knowledge are “know-hows”, innovative thinking, and understanding body language.
  • 43. Examples of knowledge management  Staff retiring An employee’s knowledge and skillset grow as they spend time with an organization. As a result, staff typically retire with a wealth of expertise that the company needs to mine using efficient knowledge management processes in order to reduce disruption and prevent workforce knowledge gaps. This means identifying and capturing the meaningful information that needs to be retained by the organization and determining the best approach for storing and distribution.  Employee transfer or promotion When staff change positions within a company, they must develop additional skillsets and expertise to match their new role. Efficient knowledge management procedures simplify delivering this information to create a seamless transition from one position to another.
  • 44. Benefits of knowledge management A survey of over 286 people working in knowledge management across a range of industries, locations, and company sizes found the most significant benefits to be:  Reduced time to find information  Reduced time for new staff to become competent  Reduced operational costs  Improved customer satisfaction  Improved bid win/loss ratio
  • 46. 1. Introduction  A primary rationale for the existence of MNCs is their ability to transfer knowledge more effectively and efficiently than through market mechanisms  Accenture invested in the development of a global knowledge management system with thousands of databases where consultants would enter knowledge about projects into the system for other members to access it.
  • 47. Sender unit’s ability and willingness. ● Disseminative capacity refers to the ability and willingness of organisational members to share knowledge (Minbaeva and Michailova, 2004). ▪ For sharing explicit knowledge, this pedagogical ability is evidenced by source unit’s proficiency in codifying knowledge in manuals, reports and systems avail.to other parts of the corporation. ▪ Sharing tacit knowledge is more difficult, requiring skills in interpersonal and face-to-face interaction (good language and communication skills and understanding of cross-cultural factors). ▪ For knowledge sharing to take place, the source of the knowledge must be willing to share it (Szulanski, 1996): ‘why help others in an organisation with something that is a key competitive advantage for one’s own career? ● Social status and reputation play important roles in shaping the context for knowledge sharing: people gain status when considered as knowledgeable and sharing knowledge with others is a good way for them to enhance their reputation. ▪ Knowledge sharing requires social networks within the MNC where reputations are built and where people learn not only what the useful sources of knowledge are, but also who is willing to engage in joint problem solving.
  • 48. Receiver unit’s ability and willingness Relationship between the sending and receiving units
  • 49. Disseminating information about superior performance and knowledge ▪ It is important to identify superior practices by measuring relevant dimensions of unit performance. By making performance data widely available, the units can themselves uncover examples of unique and valuable knowledge. ❖Alfa Laval Agri from Sweden held quarterly meetings for all its subsidiary managers where they were required to present performance data along multiple dimensions, which helped to reduce the bias present in internal assessments of capabilities and stimulated knowledge sharing among the units (Monteiro et al., 2008).
  • 50. Employing HRM practices that influence the ability and motivation of employees to absorb knowledge ▪ Research shows that successful implementation of traditional HR practices can enhance a unit’s absorptive capacity (Minbaeva et al., 2003) e.g. by recruiting people with required skills/knowledge or investing in training and development. Performance management systems give employees direction for enhancing their competencies to meet the organisation’s knowledge needs
  • 51.  When individuals perceive that they are rewarded for their performance and expertise, sharing knowledge with others may be seen contrary to their interest  Knowledge sharing is part of the formal performance reviews for managers and engineers. Schlumberger field engineers have objectives relating to best practices, lessons learned and other aspects of knowledge sharing. An incentive system encouraging collaboration and knowledge sharing is more likely to produce these outcomes than a performance evaluation system
  • 52.  intrinsic motivation is more effective than the motivation of extrinsic rewards when tacit knowledge is involved. In certain circumstances, the use of rewards may be counter-productive, which implies that we cannot simply pay for a knowledge-sharing behaviour: such collaborative behaviour must be encouraged and facilitated
  • 53. Selecting expatriates with knowledge sharing in mind ▪ Cross-border transfers of personnel is one of the most important levels of knowledge sharing that MNCs have at their disposal. The close interactions of experienced expatriates with employees in their local units offer opportunities for sharing tacit knowledge
  • 54.  Toyota’s global strategy has been focused on gaining market share by building manufacturing plants in markets all over the world. Employees from these new locations were taught the Toyota Way (production and manufacturing philosophy of continuous improvement), tacit knowledge transferred through extensive of expatriates. ❖Toyota expanded and did not have enough expatriates. To speed up the learning process and to reinforce the knowledge transfer mechanism, Toyota created a Global Production Center in Toyota City with the goal of accelerating development of local employees with deep knowledge of the Toyota production system (TPS).
  • 55. Designing appropriate structural mechanisms ▪ Various lateral structural mechanisms are used in part or primarily to stimulate knowledge sharing. E.g., product development committees with members that represent different geographic units and functional areas are established with the aim of tapping into the different perspectives and pools of experience that the members bring to the committee
  • 56. Building a conductive social architecture: social capital, social norms and global mindsets ▪ The social relationship between the source and the receiver is another strong determinant of knowledge sharing within MNCs
  • 57. Improve quality of service to users Improve user satisfaction Increase adoption of self learning Reduce time to diagnose, incidents and problems Reduction in training time and costs Faster adoption of new or changed services.
  • 58. Knowledge Marketplace Knowledge Evaluation and Training Knowledge Retention