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Metapopulation
- 1. Presented by: Glory Borah M.Phil, Department of Botany Gauhati University Guided by- Dr. Hemen Deka METAPOPULATION
- 2. CONTENT • INTRODUCTION • POPULATION V/S METAPOPULATION • METAPOPULATION • 4 CONDITION FOR METAPOPULATION • ITS DYNAMICS • MODELS OF METAPOPULATION • CONLUSION • BIBLIOGRAPHY
- 3. Metapopulation is known as “Population of population” A metapopulation is a group of same individual living in different places forming “patches” , but movement of individuals from one population to another occurs regularly. INTRODUCTION The term was coined by Richard Levins in 1969.
- 4. POPULATION V/S METAPOPULATION Local Population: Closed population Group of same individuals living in same places at a same time Here the individuals are added only through birth and loses through death. Interact takes place within the a subpopulation Metapopulation: Open population Group of same individual living in different places at a same time. Here the individuals are added through immigration and loses through emigration For interaction, migration from one local population to other patches is possible.
- 5. Defination of “METAPOPULATION” “Any assemblages of discrete local populations with migration among them”---Hanski and Gilpin (1997) “Set of local populations within some larger area, where typically migration from one local population to at least some other patches is possible”---- (Hanski and Simberloff 1997) * Species are linked to form metapopulation via a dynamic process of extinction and recolonization
- 7. Aquatic organisms in lakes Same species of Swallowtail butterfly live in different places
- 8. Four Conditions define a Metapopulation (Hanski) 1.Suitable habitat only found in discrete patches 2.All subpopulation have a risk of extinction 3.Patches close enough to be recolonized 4.Local populations growth dynamics not synchronized
- 9. Dynamics of Metapopulation • It is governed by two sets of processes operating at two distinctive spatial scales. 1.Local scale – Within patch – Individuals move – Population changes and regulation – Governed by demographic processes (birth and death) 2. Regional scale – Interaction between patches – Governed by dispersion and colonization
- 10. Harrison (1991) types of spatially dynamic population • Classical levins metapopulation • Mainland island metapopulation • Patchy population • Non equilibrium population
- 11. 1. Levin’s model: Classical model- A large network of populations with similar dynamics Higher level of interaction between the individuals within a patch than between patches Equal probabilities of extinction and recolonization All patches relatively small
- 12. 2. Mainland model A large population with smaller satellite(island) populations found from the big one(mainland) Large population is often treated here as a source and the satellite population is treated as sink Assumed that mainland population does not go extinct Helps to understand the dynamics of Rescue Effect (reduction in the extinction rate as the population on an island is recolonized from the source)
- 13. 3.Patch Occupying Model • Patches are interconnected through migration • Some sub populations might go extict , but the metapopulation persists and can recolonize empty patches • Clumped population, interbreeding between patches is frequent. • Effect of spactial structure is through behaviours: Spatially explicit model Spatially implicit model Spatially realistic model
- 14. Spatially explicit model: Assume that local populations interact only with nearby local populations, thus migration is distance dependent . Spatially implicit model: All local populations are equally connected and have independent local dynamics Spatially realistic model: Account for variation in size of patches, total patch number and their spatial arrangement. Models are often complex and rely on detailed data.
- 15. 4.Non Equilibrium Model • Independent, no migration occurs • Long term extinction rates exceed colonization • Vacant patches are rarely or never recolonized • Not considered a functional metapopulation • Divergent evolution takes place Since no interaction is there, new species is evolve
- 16. intermediate Model • Combination of two or more model
- 17. conclusion • Metapopulation helps in Conservation biology: If a species got extinct in a metapopulation, it is recolonixed by the other subpopulation • Metapopulation structure imposes genetic stucture on a population: it influence the genetic viability, rate of evolution and what traits evolve
- 18. BIBLIOGRAGHY… Smith & Smith ,Ecology Biotecnika ,Life Science Internet (Google,wikipedia, youtube videos)