This document provides information about various printing methods used in the textile industry. It begins by describing direct printing, resist printing, and discharge printing. It then lists and provides brief descriptions of different types of printing methods, such as screen printing, flock printing, foil printing, heat transfer printing, and dye sublimation printing. The document also includes diagrams of screen printing and rotary screen printing processes. It provides more detailed explanations of techniques like block printing, dye sublimation printing, heat transfer printing, and batik.
Direct printing is the most common method of applying color patterns to fabric. It involves applying dye directly to the fabric in paste form using block printing, screen printing, or roller printing. Discharge printing applies color to the entire fabric first and then removes color in certain areas to create a pattern. Resist printing involves applying a paste that resists dye to the fabric before dyeing it, so the pattern areas are not colored.
Digital printing is a relatively new technology that uses inkjet printing to apply colorants directly onto fabric. It allows any design to be printed on fabrics like cotton, polyester, and silk. Before digital printing, fabrics must be pre-treated with chemicals to prepare them. During the process, fabric is fed through the printer and ink is applied in tiny droplets. It is then cured through heat and the printed fabric is washed and dried. Digital printing enables continuous-tone images and printing to edges but has higher costs for sampling and shorter runs due to the slow printing speed.
Now we are in the age of printing, textile printing becomes popular day by day. Screen printing has been taken large place in textile printing sector. Trying to give a short description on it.
This document discusses resist printing and batik printing techniques. It explains that resist printing involves applying a substance called a "resist" to parts of the fabric to prevent dye absorption. There are two main types of resist printing: batik printing and tie-dye printing. Batik printing involves applying melted wax in desired patterns using tools like brushes or stamps before dyeing. Tie-dye involves binding, folding or knotting parts of the fabric to prevent dye penetration and create patterns. The document provides detailed descriptions and examples of different batik and tie-dye techniques.
This document discusses different methods of textile printing. It begins by explaining the basic process of printing designs on fabric using blocks, rollers or screens to apply color. It then compares automatic and hand printing methods. The main methods covered are direct, discharge and resist printing. Specific techniques like block, screen and digital printing are explained in terms of how they work, their advantages and disadvantages. The document provides an overview of the various techniques used in textile printing.
Textile printing can involve various techniques like roller printing, screen printing, block printing, and others. Roller printing is well-suited for high quality prints on fabrics for fashion apparel. It involves applying dye to engraved rollers which transfer the dye onto fabric passed between the rollers. Screen printing and block printing are also described as traditional techniques. Textile printing involves various dyeing and finishing processes that can pollute the environment if not done sustainably.
Flock printing or Flocking is a printing process in which Short Fibers of Rayon ,cotton wool or another Natural or synthetic Material are applied to an Adhesive –coated surface
This presentation provides an overview of screen printing. It discusses the basic screen printing process where a mesh is used to transfer ink to a substrate using a squeegee. It also outlines some of the key items needed for screen printing like screens, squeegees, and inks. The presentation describes different types of screen printing including hand screen printing, semi-automatic flat screen printing, and rotary screen printing. It concludes with advantages like durable vibrant colors on a variety of materials and disadvantages like long set up times.
This document provides an overview of various textile printing methods, with a focus on screen printing. It describes the screen printing process, including screen preparation using photochemical methods, squeegee systems, factors that affect ink passing through screens, and flatbed and rotary screen printing methods. Rotary screen printing is highlighted as the most productive method, controlling approximately 65% of the printed fabric market worldwide by allowing for continuous printing and quick pattern changes. Defects that can occur during screen printing are also outlined.
This document discusses singeing and biopolishing processes. Singeing involves burning off protruding fibers to smooth the fabric surface and increase luster. There are plate, roller, and gas singeing methods, with gas singeing maintaining uniform temperature. Biopolishing uses enzymes to remove fibers at milder temperatures than singeing. Both processes improve fabric quality by reducing fuzziness. The document provides details on the equipment and parameters used for gas singeing of fabrics and yarns, as well as causes of defects and conditions for optimal biopolishing.
The document discusses pigment printing, which is a type of textile printing where insoluble pigments are fixed to fabric using a binder. Pigment printing pastes contain thickening agents, binders, and other auxiliaries. It is the most economical printing process as it does not require washing after printing. Screen printing and roller printing are common methods used to apply pigment pastes to fabric in defined patterns.
Durable press finishing provides fabrics with crease retention and freedom from ironing after washing through the use of cross-linking resins. The process involves padding the fabric with a resin like DMDHEU, making the fabric into garments, and curing them at a high temperature to set the creases. This provides better crease retention than wash and wear finishes. The resin must cure at high heat without discoloring and remain fast after washing. However, durable press finishing can reduce fabric strength and abrasion resistance due to the high resin levels and prolonged curing, so softeners are added to minimize these issues.
Printing means localized application of dyes on the fabric according to design. For printing it is required to produce printing paste. Printing Paste is a viscous paste which is made from pigments, thickeners and many of chemical. A good printing paste is mainly responsible for good printing effect. So it is very important to make a printing paste. There are different types of ingredients are used to make printing paste
Generally following ingredients are used in printing paste:
Dyestuffs or pigment.
Wetting agents.
Thickener.
Solvents dispersing agents.
Defoaming agents.
Oxidizing and reducing agents.
Catalyst and oxygen carrier.
Acid and alkali.
Career and swelling agent.
Miscellaneous agent
The document discusses resist printing techniques, specifically focusing on batik printing. It provides background on batik, noting it originated in Egypt and was later practiced in other parts of Asia and Africa. The document describes the batik printing process, which involves applying wax resist to fabric before dyeing to create patterns. Different regions known for batik printing are highlighted, as well as the raw materials and techniques used. A brief overview of tie-dye printing is also provided.
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This document provides an overview of non-woven fabrics. It defines non-woven fabrics as sheet or web structures bonded together by entangling fibers or filaments mechanically, thermally, chemically or through solvent treatment. The document discusses the history of non-woven fabrics and mentions some early precursors. It also outlines different types of non-woven fabrics based on materials used and manufacturing processes. Common applications of non-woven fabrics in various industries are also summarized.
This presentation provides a introduction to digital textile printing for basic understanding about the subject.
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Screen printing and digital printing are two common textile printing methods. Screen printing uses a woven mesh screen to support an ink-blocking stencil and applies ink through the open areas of the screen onto the fabric below. Digital printing uses inkjet printing technology to place micro-sized ink droplets onto fabric directly from a computer design file. Both methods allow for localized color application and flexible designs, while digital printing enables very small minimum runs due to not requiring prepared screens. Key factors in choosing a printing method include design requirements, cost, minimum order quantities, and the desired finish.
Pigment printing is a textile printing technique that involves applying insoluble pigments mixed with a binder and thickener only to defined areas of fabric to create a pattern. It does not require washing after printing like other techniques since the binder fixes the pigment. Pigment printing can be done on many fiber types at high speeds, making it economical. The process involves preparing a printing paste, applying it using screen or roller printing, then drying and curing the printed fabric without an after-treatment wash.
Sublimation method depends on the use of a volatile dye in the printed design. When the paper is heated the dye is preferentially adsorbed from the vapour phase by the textile material with which the heated paper is held in contact. This is commercially the most important of the transfer-printing methods. Dye sublimation allows photo lab quality picture printing. During the dye sublimation printing process, an image is digitally printed in reverse with dye sublimation toners or inks on to media.
This document summarizes yarn and carpet printing technologies. It discusses various yarn printing methods like solution dyeing, hang/skein dyeing, and space dyeing. For carpet printing, it describes direct printing, discharge printing, resist printing, and pigment printing methods. It also discusses chemicals and machinery used like flat-screen and rotary screen printing machines, and jet printing machines. In conclusion, it provides an overview of yarn and carpet printing processes and technologies.
Advancement in technology has paved the way for a much better garment printing. The art of direct printing on garment is simplified by the technology every day. You can already choose and create your own design for t-shirts and other garments regardless of how complex the design is.Every make a Confusion about printing, i try to make it clear.
Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a mesh screen to transfer ink onto a substrate. It involves using a squeegee to force ink through the mesh openings to print an image. Multiple screens can be used to print multi-colored images. There are different methods of screen printing including hand, semi-automatic, and rotary screen printing. Hand screen printing allows for precise printing but requires skill while rotary screen printing is faster but uses cylindrical screens. Screen printing offers durable prints in vivid colors on a variety of materials but has long set-up times.
This document discusses various advanced garment printing techniques. It begins by introducing different printing methods and factors to consider when selecting a technique. The rest of the document describes specific techniques like digital printing, flock printing, and direct-to-garment printing in more detail. For each technique, it explains the printing process, advantages, applications, and end results. The document aims to educate readers on the various options for advanced garment printing.
This document discusses advanced garment printing techniques. It begins by defining printing as the localized dyeing or application of dye or pigment in a pattern on fabric. Advanced garment printing uses modern techniques to print attractive designs on 99% of fashion clothes. Some key advanced printing techniques mentioned include digital printing, flock printing, flex printing, and heat transfer printing. The document then discusses several printing techniques in more detail, focusing on digital printing and flock printing processes.
Textile printing is the most versatile and important of the methods used for introducing color and design to textile fabrics. We may print as a fabric form or apparel form
Overview of Piece Printing Process in Textile Industryiosrjce
Printing is a renowned process in textile industry which is generally done after dyeing. It is the last
process to enhance aesthetic appeal of the fabric. Most of the buyer provide order of garments including
printing process as various design can be imparted on the face side of garments indicating particular style and
taste of the customer. Piece print has been able to draw the attention of customer by its variation of design.
There are so many methods have been invented to apply the print paste onto the piece of garments.But the
article related to piece print is not as much as available like all over print. This article deals with difference
between all over print and piece print and various piece printing process on textile materials that frequently
used
This document provides information on various garment printing methods and their costs. It discusses traditional methods like block printing and screen printing as well as digital methods like direct-to-garment (DTG) printing and sublimation printing. Specific printing techniques are outlined, such as plastisol, discharge, and foil printing. Production processes, suitable fabrics, costs per print, and minimum order quantities are compared for each method. In conclusion, the document serves as a guide for selecting printing styles based on needs and budgets.
The document discusses different printing techniques used on garments. It begins by explaining that printing is commonly used to customize apparel and describes some unconventional printing processes that became popular after 1980 like metallic, glitter, and puff printing. It then discusses various specific printing techniques like digital printing, burnout printing, glow in dark printing, gel printing, foil printing, photochromic printing, puff printing, flocked printing, glitter printing, crack printing, sticker printing, plastisol printing, and discharge printing. For each technique it provides a brief overview of the process and characteristics. The document aims to inform readers about the different printing options available for customizing garments.
Rotary and roller printing are two methods of textile printing. Roller printing involves engraving designs onto copper rollers and printing one color at a time onto fabric using pressure. Rotary printing uses perforated cylinders or screens to print designs continuously onto fabric using paste that passes through the perforations. Rotary printing allows for larger designs, more colors, and fresher designs compared to roller printing. Both methods have advantages like production levels but rotary printing provides higher quality and larger scale printing capabilities.
Lecture 8 digital printing of textiles (condensed)Adane Nega
Digital printing of textiles allows for mass customization by printing designs directly from digital files without screens or plates. It provides benefits like quick design changes and short runs but adoption has been slow due to limitations in printing speed. Improvements in inkjet printing technology aim to increase speeds to compete with conventional rotary screen printing for bulk production. While digital printing is established for sampling, the future vision is for it to also enable small batch production directly from computer designs.
Lecture 8 digital printing of textiles (condensed)Adane Nega
Digital printing of textiles is an emerging technology that offers several advantages over traditional analog printing methods. Digital printing uses electronic design files and inkjet printing heads rather than physical screens or rollers. It allows for mass customization, quick design changes, and reduced waste. While the technology is gaining ground in niche markets like sampling, wider adoption has been slowed by issues like printing speeds and the high costs of inks and printers needed for bulk production. Continued improvements may allow digital printing to compete with conventional rotary screen printing for medium-sized runs in the future.
Lecture 8 digital printing of textiles (condensed)Adane Nega
Digital printing of textiles allows for mass customization by printing designs directly from digital files without screens or plates. It provides benefits like quick design changes and short runs but adoption has been slow due to limitations in printing speed. Improvements are being made and digital printing is gaining acceptance for applications like sampling and short runs while conventional printing remains dominant for bulk production. In the future, further increases in printing speeds may allow digital printing to compete for more bulk production applications and even be used in a woven format like looms.
Lecture 8 digital printing of textiles (condensed)Adane Nega
Digital printing of textiles is an emerging technology that offers several advantages over traditional analog printing methods. It allows for mass customization through computer-controlled inkjet printing without the need for screens or plates. While adoption has been slow due to issues like speed and cost, digital printing is growing in niche applications like sampling and small batch production. As inkjet printer speeds increase to compete with traditional methods and as the technology matures, digital printing is poised to transform the textile printing industry.
Lecture 8 digital printing of textiles (condensed)Adane Nega
Digital printing of textiles allows for mass customization by printing designs directly from digital files without screens or plates. It provides benefits like quick design changes and short runs but adoption has been slow due to limitations in printing speed. Improvements are being made and digital printing is gaining acceptance for applications like sampling and short runs while conventional printing remains dominant for bulk production. In the future, further increases in printing speeds may allow digital printing to compete for more bulk production applications and even be used in a woven format with multiple printers.
The finishes are applied on leather generally by brushes and pads and finally by hand spray and this practices is still very widespread in major tanneries.
Although automatic spraying machines are becoming popular in large tanneries as large quantities of leather can be produced by automatic conveyer belt spraying machine.
Transfer printing is the term used to describe textile and related printing processes in which the design is first printed on to a flexible non-textile substrate and later transferred by a separate process to a textile.
This document provides definitions and background information on various textile terms. It begins with an introduction to textiles and defines key terms like fiber, filament, yarn and fabric. It then discusses the history of natural fibers like cotton, wool and silk. The document also summarizes the development of various man-made fibers like rayon, nylon, acrylic and polyester. It provides timelines of when these fibers were first invented and commercialized. The document is intended to serve as a reference for textile engineering students.
This document provides information about garment manufacturing and exporting processes. It was prepared by Md. Kamrul Hasan, a Textile Engineering graduate from Southeast University in Bangladesh. The document contains several sections that discuss key topics like buyers and buying houses, major garment exporting countries, GSP status, garment export procedures, costing, purchase orders, letters of credit, and timelines. It aims to serve as a reference for students and professionals in the garments sector.
This document provides information about carbon fiber, including:
1. What carbon fiber is composed of and its structure.
2. The process of forming carbon fiber from precursor materials like polyacrylonitrile through heating without oxygen.
3. Applications of carbon fiber in composites for aircraft, vehicles, and other products due to its strength and light weight.
4. Major manufacturers of carbon fibers and the growing market for carbon fiber composites.
The document discusses acrylic fiber, including its definition, chemical composition, properties, characteristics, advantages, uses, and commercial applications. Acrylic fiber is a synthetic fiber made from polymers containing acrylonitrile. It is often used as an artificial replacement for wool in applications like sweaters, socks, and blankets due to its softness and insulating properties. Major uses of acrylic fiber include knit apparel, carpets, and home furnishings due to its ability to wick moisture, durability, and resistance to moths and chemicals.
Elastomeric fibers are fibers that can stretch to very high elongations (400-800%) and rapidly recover their original length. They include fibers made from natural and synthetic rubbers as well as spandex and polyacrylates. Elastomeric fibers are produced via a spinning process where polymers are mixed and reacted to form long chains, then extruded through spinnerets into a water bath or air to solidify. The fibers have excellent elasticity and strength even at high elongations. Common applications include clothing, automotive and industrial parts, coatings and more where elasticity is required.
This document provides a project report on applying disperse and reactive dyes to a 65/35 polyester/cotton blended fabric using a two bath system. It acknowledges those who helped with the project and thanks the textile college and company for the opportunity. The abstract discusses challenges in dyeing poly/cotton blends and how dye selection can help control color value, strength, and other properties. Laboratory trials tested compatibility of reactive dyes and analyzed dye fixation using spectrophotometry. The introduction discusses the importance of practical experience and outlines the project goals of studying dye application in different textile industries in Bangladesh.
This document provides a project report on the reaction mechanism of reactive dyes in Bengal Hurricane Group on cellulose fiber. It discusses the raw materials used, including fabrics, dyes, and chemicals. It explains the importance of studying reactive dye usage in major Bangladeshi textile industries. The methods of dyeing and printing cotton with reactive dyes and the technical deficiencies, causes, and remedies are examined.
This document provides information about Interstoff Apparels Ltd., a garment manufacturing company in Bangladesh. It discusses the company profile, including its name, business type, employees, and address. It also describes the knitting, quality control, dyeing, and project work sections of the company. The knitting section details the types of yarns, knitting machines, production calculations, and common knitting faults. The quality control section lists inspection equipment. The dyeing section outlines the dyeing process and possible faults. The project work section explains common knitting defects and their causes and remedies.
The document provides information about GTA Sports Ltd., a knitwear factory in Bangladesh. It includes an organogram of the company's management structure and sections. The knitting section is described in detail, outlining the knitting process, types of knitting machines and their parts. It also discusses methods to increase production quantity. The dyeing and finishing sections are briefly introduced, including raw materials, machinery and quality control processes.
This document provides an overview of Apex Weaving & Finishing Mills Limited, a textile company located in Gazipur, Bangladesh. It describes the company's various subsidiaries and business sections, which include weaving, dyeing, printing, finishing, and garments. The document also lists the types of machinery used in each section of the facility, such as 231 shuttleless looms, rotary printers, loop steamers, and sewing machines. Finally, it includes photos of the different areas of the plant, including the weaving floor, wet processing section, printing area, laboratories, and maintenance facilities.
The document provides information about GTA Sports Ltd., a knitwear factory in Bangladesh. It includes an organogram of the company's management structure and sections. The knitting section is described in detail, outlining the knitting process, types of knitting machines and their parts. It also discusses increasing production quantity and common knitting faults. The dyeing and finishing sections are briefly introduced, including raw materials, machinery and quality control processes.
The document provides information about reactive dyes, including:
- Reactive dyes form covalent bonds with fiber polymers through reactive groups, giving excellent wash and light fastness.
- Important reactive groups include triazine, vinyl sulfone, and halogen groups.
- Reactive dyes were invented in 1956 and became popular for their bright colors, low temperature dyeing, and simple process.
- Common application methods are pad-batch and pad-dry processes at low temperatures. Proper pH, electrolyte, alkali, and time are required for effective dye fixation to the fiber.
This document discusses the development of looms from primitive hand looms to modern automated looms. It outlines the key stages of development including the fly shuttle loom, power looms, semi-automatic looms, and modern shuttle-less looms. The basic mechanisms and motions of weaving are described, including primary, secondary, and tertiary motions. Different parts of a loom and their functions are also summarized.
This document provides information about Urmi Group and one of its concerns, Fakhruddin Textile Mills Ltd. It details the company profile, factory information, manpower and organizational structure, raw materials used, and production process of the textile mill. Fakhruddin Textile Mills Ltd is a leading Bangladeshi manufacturer and exporter of knit garments established in 2004. It has over 1200 employees and uses various natural and synthetic yarns, chemicals, and dyes to produce knitted fabrics and garments for the export market.
This document provides an overview of Sadma Fashion Wear Ltd., a garment manufacturing company in Bangladesh. It details the company's profile, facilities, production capacity, certifications, buyers, and organizational structure. Key points include that it has over 200 employees, a production capacity of 20,000 pieces per day, and major buyers such as Walmart, C&A, and Sears. The company operates departments for knitting, dyeing, finishing, garments production and quality assurance.
This document provides an overview of Mitali Fashions Ltd., a knit composite garment factory in Bangladesh. It discusses the company's establishment in 2000, leadership, expansion, and certification. The factory has various production sections including knitting, dyeing, finishing, garments, and quality control. It employs over 5,000 people and produces knitwear and garments for major international brands. The document also includes organizational charts, maps of the factory premises, and lists of raw materials and major customers.
The document provides information about an industrial training internship at Olio Apparels Ltd, which is part of the Envoy Group. The objectives of the internship are to learn about the different departments of the company and gain practical knowledge about garment manufacturing. It also aims to compare theoretical knowledge learned in class to real-world practices and identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the company. Olio Apparels Ltd is described as a large garment manufacturing facility that produces high quality products for European and American customers using modern machinery and technologies.
1. The document provides information about Divine Group of Industries Limited (DGI), a textile company in Bangladesh. It details DGI's facilities, production capacity, certifications, and clientele.
2. DGI aims to suit every fashion taste and demand from around the world. It has several factories producing knitted fabrics and garments.
3. The document outlines DGI's management structure, production processes from knitting to garments, and machinery used in key departments like CAD and sampling.
This document provides information about garment merchandising and industrial engineering. It defines merchandising and outlines the key steps in the merchandising process from developing buyers to shipment. It also describes the work of merchandisers, including sourcing, pricing, order follow up, and ensuring on-time shipment. Additionally, it discusses industrial engineering and its focus on improving productivity through methods like time studies, layout optimization, and training. It provides details on cost analysis, production planning, and the different techniques used to set work standards.
Response & Safe AI at Summer School of AI at IIITHIIIT Hyderabad
Talk covering Guardrails , Jailbreak, What is an alignment problem? RLHF, EU AI Act, Machine & Graph unlearning, Bias, Inconsistency, Probing, Interpretability, Bias
Encontro anual da comunidade Splunk, onde discutimos todas as novidades apresentadas na conferência anual da Spunk, a .conf24 realizada em junho deste ano em Las Vegas.
Neste vídeo, trago os pontos chave do encontro, como:
- AI Assistant para uso junto com a SPL
- SPL2 para uso em Data Pipelines
- Ingest Processor
- Enterprise Security 8.0 (Maior atualização deste seu release)
- Federated Analytics
- Integração com Cisco XDR e Cisto Talos
- E muito mais.
Deixo ainda, alguns links com relatórios e conteúdo interessantes que podem ajudar no esclarecimento dos produtos e funções.
https://www.splunk.com/en_us/campaigns/the-hidden-costs-of-downtime.html
https://www.splunk.com/en_us/pdfs/gated/ebooks/building-a-leading-observability-practice.pdf
https://www.splunk.com/en_us/pdfs/gated/ebooks/building-a-modern-security-program.pdf
Nosso grupo oficial da Splunk:
https://usergroups.splunk.com/sao-paulo-splunk-user-group/
A brief introduction to quadcopter (drone) working. It provides an overview of flight stability, dynamics, general control system block diagram, and the electronic hardware.
Literature Reivew of Student Center DesignPriyankaKarn3
It was back in 2020, during the COVID-19 lockdown Period when we were introduced to an Online learning system and had to carry out our Design studio work. The students of the Institute of Engineering, Purwanchal Campus, Dharan did the literature study and research. The team was of Prakash Roka Magar, Priyanka Karn (me), Riwaz Upreti, Sandip Seth, and Ujjwal Dev from the Department of Architecture. It was just a scratch draft made out of the initial phase of study just after the topic was introduced. It was one of the best teams I had worked with, shared lots of memories, and learned a lot.
3. PRINTING
The printing is described as localized dyeng, dyes or pigment are applied locally or
discontinuously to produce the various designs. Printing is the production of all
active designs with well defined boundaries made by the artistic arrangement of a
motif is one or more colors. Printing is a process for reproducing text and image,
typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large-
scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction
printing. Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support
an ink-blocking stencil.
The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink as a sharp-edged
image onto a substrate. A roller or squeegee is moved across the screen stencil,
forcing or pumping ink past the threads of the woven mesh in the open areas.
Screen printing is also a stencil method of print making in which a design is
imposed on a screen of silk or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an
impermeable substance, and ink is forced through the mesh onto the printing
surface. It is also known as silk screening or serigraphy.
4. printing
1. used to add color to localized areas only
2. allows for greater design flexibility and relatively inexpensive patterned fabric
3. wet prints use a thick, liquid paste
4. dry prints use a powder
5. foam prints use a colorant dispersed in foam
PRINTING
5. printing methods
digital printing—
• ink-jet printing
heat-transfer printing
• design transferred to fabric from specially printed paper by heat &
pressure
electrostatic printing
• prepared screen covered with powdered dye; passes through electric
field & pulled onto material
foil printing
• adhesive applied to fabric, foil heated on heat transfer press & bonds to
adhesive pattern
stencil printing
• separate pattern cut for each color, color is applied in thick paste or
sprayed on with air gun
6. There are three methods of pattern dyeing and printing:
Direct printing
Resist printing
Discharge printing
What type of printing method you know?
7. Direct Printing:
In direct printing a design is etched into a copper roller. A dye that has been
thickened into a paste with starch, gelatin, or synthetic polymers is applied to the
etched area while the un-etched surface is kept clean. The color design is transferred
to the cloth under pressure. Direct printing may also involve forcing the paste onto
the fabric through a screen, a technique similar to stencil printing except that the
screen controls how much paste is applied to the cloth.
Resist Printing:
In resist printing a reverse-printing method, a dye repelling substance is
selectively applied to the cloth, which is then placed in a dye bath. This method is
used for example, to produce white polka dots on a color background.
Discharge Printing:
In discharge printing, the whole fabric is dyed. A pattern is then printed on
the fabric with a chemical that oxidizes or reduces the dye, creating a white pattern
on a colored background.
What type of printing method you know?
9. Factors Affecting Cost of Printing
1. Size of printing
2. Number of color of printing
3. Any grading of size of printing from size to size
4. Any restriction/selection of use of dyes and chemicals
5. Lab test requirement
6. Wash sustainability
7. Tolerance in placement of print art-work
8. Tolerance in color shade variation
9. Place of printing
10. Type of printing
10. Preparation of the fabric to be printed.
Preparation of the print paste.
Making an impression of the print paste on the fabric.
Drying of the printed fabric.
Steaming of the printed fabric.
After treatments (soaping etc)
Steps of printing:-
13. Process of after Production Primary Printing Inspection:-
Approval
↓
Strike of Approval
↓
Hand over (Measurement Chart)
↓
Pre-production meting
↓
Quality Report
↓
Total Production Summary.
14. This process involves a print paste (like a thick paint) that is applied to an
engraved roller, and the fabric is guided between it and a central cylinder. The
pressure of the roller and central cylinder forces the print paste into the fabric.
Because of the high quality it can achieve, roller printing is the most appealing
method of printing designer and fashion apparel fabrics.
Long runs of the same fabric design are produced on a roller print cylinder
machine operating at speeds between 50 and 100 yards a minute. As many as 10
different colors can be printed in one continuous operation, but each colour must
have a separate roller.
The design is cut into the surface of copper rollers; by varying the depth of the
engraving on the roller the shade depth can be altered. Sharpness of line and fine
detail can be achieved this way. A typical printing machine has a large padded
drum or cylinder, which is surrounded by a series of copper rollers, each with its
own dye trough and doctor blade that scrapes away excess dye.
Roller / Rotary Printing
16. The tubular screens rotate at the same velocity as the fabric, the print paste is distributed
inside a tubular screen, which is forced into the fabric as it is pressed between the screen
and a printing blanket (a continuous rubber belt). It picks up colour from the engraved area
of each roller in sequence. The printed cloth is dried immediately and conveyed to an oven
that sets the dye. Knitted fabric is mostly printed in this method as it does not pull or stretch
the fabric.
23. Design: - printing design means colors separate to the design. Printing size ,
grading system , measurement then design pass to the expose section.
Expose :-Design pass to the screen heat transfer to the expose machine , screen
is the mesh fabric the machine can per from through high function vacuum
pumps that saves time for screen preparation. Exposing Machine that is
specially designed to enable the fine screen to be exposed. Imported sealed
rubber blanket and filtered air regulator is used to keep the machine dust clean.
The Machine is a specially designed for enable the fine screen to be
expose
The Machine can perform high function (imported) vacuum pumps.
Instant vacuum leads to save time for screen preparation.
The machine consists indigenous quick start espousal systems, the
light is very strong and stable
Machine adopts many rows of powerful homogeneous distribution
UV light source, economic and save energy.
The Imported sealed rubber blanket.
Filtered Air Regulator Heat &+ Keep Dust clean
24. Screen mode (50-60 min dryer temp 70 c)
↓
Exposing mc
↓
Cold water (5 min)
↓
After them spray gun develop
↓
Dryer (30-40 min)
↓
Re-wash
↓
Dryer (20 min)
↓
Re-expose (20 min)
↓
Hard & applied.
↓
Design complete
Steps in design to screen:-
25. Automatic Print Hand Print
1. Accuracy 1. No Accuracy
2. Limited Production 2. No Limited Production
3. Production is high 3. Production is Low
4. Depends on m/c capacity 4. It is manually print
5. Capacity is 9 colors 5. Variety colors print
Difference between Automatic Print & Hand Print:-
31. Block printing is a traditional process dating back to India in the 12th century.
Wooden blocks made of seasoned teak in different shapes and sizes are cut by
trained craftsmen. Each block has a wooden handle and two or three holes
drilled into the block to the passage of air and release of excess print paste.
Fabric is stretched over a printing table and fastened with small pins. Printing
starts from left to right, first the colour is evened out in the tray and then the
block is dipped in. Then the block is applied to the fabric with careful
registration and pressure is applied.
Block Printing
32. Dye sublimation allows photo lab quality picture printing. During the dye sublimation
printing process, an image is digitally printed in reverse with dye sublimation toners or
inks onto media. That image is then placed on top of a fabric and subjected to high heat
and pressure to form a heat press. The dye sublimation toners or inks sublimate – the
inks go from a solid state to a gaseous state without becoming liquid in between and
flow into the fabric, dyeing the threads.
This creates a gentle gradation of colour and does not distort or fade over time.
Dye Sublimination Printing
33. This is essentially transferring an image to fabric from a paper carrier. When heat and
pressure are applied to this paper the inks are transferred. Some transfers are topical,
and the image sits on the surface of the fabric. Other transfers are absorbed into the
fibres of the fabric.
Heat transfer printing is clean and environmentally safe. The only by-product is the
paper carrier. It is the perfect print method for short run and sample production, but
can also be used for batch production as well.
Heat Transfer Printing
34. Although experts disagree on the origins of Batik, it is very popular in
Indonesia and Africa.
The cloth that is used for batik is washed and boiled in water many times
before the wax can be applied so that all traces of starches, lime, chalk
and other sizing materials are removed. Before modern-day techniques,
the cloth would have been pounded with a wooden mallet or ironed to
make it smooth and supple so it could receive the wax design. The
designer uses a ‘tjanting’ (wax pen) to draw the design on the cloth. The
wax is kept fluid in a melting pot.
After the wax has been applied, the fabric is ready for the dye bath. Today
most batik factories use large concrete vats, above the vats are ropes with
pulleys that the fabric is draped over after it has been dipped into the dye
bath. The amount of time it is left in the bath determines the hue of the
colour (longer for deeper colours)
Batik
35. Also called application print. Design is printed directly onto a white cloth or a
previously dyed fabric. They are the most popular print types.
Direct Print
36. Fabrics are dyed a solid color prior to printing. When printing is done, the design is
applied by screen or roller with a chemical which removes the color of the originally
dyed fabric. Discharge prints can be made with rollers and screen methods. They are
not widely used because production costs are high.
Discharge Print
37. It involves a two step procedure:
(1) printing a pattern design on a white fabric with a chemical that will prevent
penetration of dyes; and piece dyeing the fabric. The result is a dyed background
with a white patterned area.
Resist Print
38. It is one in which the background color is created by printing rather than dyeing.
The ground and pattern design colors are printed onto a white cloth.
One of the problems with blotch prints is that large background color areas of the
print are not covered with the full depth of color.
Blotch Prints
39. This involves printing the warp yarns of a fabric before weaving. The fabric is
woven with a solid color filling, usually white. The result is a soft, shadowed,
blurred design on the fabric.
These prints are found on high quality, costly fabrics because it requires careful,
meticulous labor.
Warp Prints
40. Tiny particles of fiber are made to adhere to a fabric surface in conformance to a
particular design. Rayon and nylon fibers are typically used for flocking.
The ability of flocked fibers to withstand dry cleaning and/or laundry depends on
the adhesive. Adhesives with excellent fastness to cleaning processes are used.
Flock Prints
41. 1. This involves printing with a chemical that will destroy the fiber in the
patterned design print area.
2. In fabrics that are made with blended yarns, the burn-out chemical will destroy
one fiber and leave the other undamaged. Unusual and interesting fabrics can
be created by this method.
Burn-out Prints
42. These are fabrics in which both sides of the fabric are printed.
They are made to imitate more costly woven yarn-dyed design effects such as
stripes, checks and plaids.They are rarely used because of the high cost of printing
both sides of a fabric
Duplex Prints
43. Variotherm in use. Only for pigment & base fabric just white & light color just
heat fabric print reduces, cold then fabric prints in show.
Magic color :-
Chemical in use:-
Chemical in use:-
Variotherm & pigment.
Color in use.
Time :- 7.5 pieces/min.
Fault :-
Color shade
Design
Placement design ok
44. Metallic print is the powder from then mix if any color & print.
Chemical in use:-
Base - 200
Powder 5-10%
Color in use.
Time :- 7.5 pieces/min.
Fault :-
Color shade
Design
Placement design ok.
Metallic print :-
45. Glitter is the powder from. fixer must be use.
Chemical in use:-
Binder - 100
Glitter powder ----- 30-50
Color in use.
Fixer— 1-2 %
Time :- 7.5 pieces/min.
Fault :-
Color shade
Design
Placement design ok
Fixer can not be use then glitter is damaged print.
Glitter print:-
46. It is chemical character. It is imbues mesh.
Chemical in use:-
Base & clear minimum - 50
White if need -100
Color in use.
Time: - 2 pieces/min. Temp- 170 c
Fault:-
Color shade
Design
Placement design ok
Gum mistake then flock mistake.
Puff print:-
47. Print some pattern with the foil on the fabric or paper for shinny effect. Foil print is the
foil paper. it is heat transfer
Chemical in use:-
Gum mix binder.
Heat press foil.
Time 10-15 sec & temp -160-165 c
Time: - 7.5 pieces/min.
Fault:-
Color shade
Design
Placement design ok
Gum mistake then foil mistake& heat problem then print problem.
Foil print:-
48. The flock technique of printing designs with an adhesive and sprinkling with
fine bits of wool or silk was probably first adapted to wallpaper. fiber dust use with
gum.
Chemical in use:-
Powder with gum.
Fixer add gum
Fixer-1% & gum-100%
Time :- 7.5 pieces/min.
Fault :-
Color shade
Design
Placement design ok
Gum mistake then flock mistake
Flock print :-
49. Discharge :-
Discharge means out of fabric colors. Activator must be use.
Chemical in use:-
White & clear.
Activator -->6-10%
Time :- 7.5 pieces/min.
Fault :-
Color shade
Design
Placement design ok
Fabric must be discharge.
White fabric is no print.
50. It is oil soluble. It is sari cal thinner; it is oil to which other oils or substances are
added to produce a lubricant.
Chemical in use:-
Seri cal thinner.
Oil base color.
Time :- 7.5 pieces/min.
Fault :-
Color shade
Design
Placement design ok
Seri cal problem then print problem.
Oil base plastisol :-
51. Water-based ink is much more difficult to cure than plastisol. Whether printing with
plastisol or a water-based ink system, you are still printing. There are two major schools of
screen printing ink; plastisol and water based. Plastisol is a PVC based ink and is what the
majority of commercial printers use. Water based is, as the name suggests, a water based
ink with pigments suspended within it. Water based prints have many positive qualities.
The industry term "hand" refers to how soft a print feels on the decorated item. Water
based inks are well known for the minimal or soft hand that they provide. Prints made with
water based can be ironed, while plastisol prints cannot be, as the iron's heat plate would
melt the PVC in the ink.
Chemical in use:-
Clear &white
& color
Time :- 7.5 pieces/min.
Fault :-
Color shade
Design
Placement design ok
Setting
Water base plastisol:-
52. Pigment used in textile printing is mainly synthetic organic materials, except for
carbon black, titanium dioxide and anatase types copper & aluminum alloys &
sometimes iron oxide. When choosing these synthetic pigments, the price, the
fastness properties, the brilliance & the coloring power of the many produce
available are all taken into consideration. Pigments are various organic & in
organic insoluble substances, which are widely used in surface coating.
Chemical in use:-
Water- 80kg
Binder- 15kg
Thickener- 5kg
&color
Time :- 7.5 pieces/min.
Fault :-
Color shade
Design
Placement design ok
Pigment print:-
53. Requirements of Pigment print:-
Pigment must have mixing ability.
Pigment should be non toxic.
Pigments have good covering power.
Advantages of pigment:-
Pigment printing is most economical printing process & allows
maximum output of goods.
Genera fastness properties are ok.
It can be applied for natural as well as man made fibres.
Pigment print presents least problem for the printers.
Disadvantages of pigments:-
Pigments are sensitive to crushing during roller printing.
Rubbing fastness is medium & no pigment is completely fast to dry
clearing.
Pigment print:-
54. It is direct over print white color then use.
Chemical in use:-
White glow in the dark.
Color in use.
Time: - 7.5 pieces/min.
Fault:-
Color shade
Design
Placement design ok
Glow in the dark :-
57. Burnout Printing
Burn-out textiles is a technique used to develop raised designs on fabric surface. This is
primarily being done in fabrics with at least 2 different fibre content i.e. Cotton-
Polyester, Silk-Rayon etc. Here one fibre component is being dissolved thru chemical
reactions while the other content remains intact giving away raised illusion designs.
58. Dyeing fabrics
Tie Dye
HOW IS IT DONE?
A resist method of dying where fabric of finished
garments are either twisted, knotted, gathered or
crumpled and then bound with string or elastic
bands before dyeing.
Produces a variety of patterns. Garments made using
tie dye come in and out of fashion.
Colourfastness
WHAT IS IT?
Resistance to colour loss during manufacturing
and use. Varies with:
• Different fibres and blends
• Different dyestuffs
• Different conditions, e.g rubbing, washing,
ironing, perspiration, light, weather, seawater.
• ISO 105 evaluates colourfastness.
59. Dyeing fabrics
Industrially-produced
Batik
HOW IS IT DONE?
• Gum, wax-resist paste or resin is printed on
the fabric from hot rollers
• Fabric is dyed
• Heat finished to remove surplus gum or wax
and fix the dye
• Alternatively, batik patterns can be printed
on fabric from engraved rollers using
photographic methods or CAD/CAM
Hand-produced Batik
HOW IS IT DONE?
A design is drawn on fabric with melted wax
using a brush or tjanting and left to harden,
fabric is then brush or dip dyed and the wax
melted off using an iron. The dye resists
penetrating the fabric under the wax leaving a
patterned fabric.
60. Dyeing fabrics
Discharge printing
HOW IS IT DONE?
• a plain dyed fabric is printed with a
discharge paste which removes the ground
colour (bleaches it out)
Transfer printing
HOW IS IT DONE?
• the pattern is first printed onto special paper
•It is then transferred to the fabric using a
pressurised heated calender machine. The
temperature is high enough for the dyestuff to
turn into vapour and diffuse into the fibres.
•Well suited to synthetic fibres.
61. Printing fabrics
Block Printing
HOW IS IT DONE?
• Uses engraved wooden blocks
• Ancient method dating back to 2000BC
• Rarely used today.
Printing
WHAT IS IT?
The controlled placement of defined areas of
colour onto a fabric.
• Direct Printing methods:
• Block printing (ancient method)
• Rotary screen-printing (2/3 of today’s textiles)
• Flat screen-printing (1/3 of today’s textiles)
• Transfer Printing (4% of today’s textiles)
• Discharge printing
• Resist (Batik) Printing
• Digital Printing
62. Printing fabrics
Digital printing
HOW IS IT DONE?
• inkjet printers print CAD designs directly
onto fabric using special printing inks.
•This is a flexible form of printing suitable for
short runs and for producing fabric samples.
Resist (batik) printing
HOW IS IT DONE?
•White fabric is printed with a resist paste and
then dyed.
65. Marketing Printing - Digital
Printing
Iris Graphics
STORK
Toxot Imaje
Jemtex
STORK
Epson
Konica
Xaar
Spectra
Hewlet Packard
Canon
Lexmark
Ink-jet systems
Continuous flow Drop-on-demand (DOD)
Binary
deflection
Multiple
deflection
Mechanical
Piezo - activated
Thermic
"Bubble Jet"
• Differences in the selection and generation of droplets
Ink-jet systems
66. Marketing Printing - Digital
Printing
Bubble Jet printer
Ichinose
Colorspan FabriJet XII ENCAD 1500 TX
Colorwings TexJet 152
67. Marketing Printing - Digital
Printing
Tex-Print 2000
TX 2 1600JV-4
TX 1600 S
Mimaki printer generations - Piezo technology
68. Marketing Printing - Digital
Printing
Amethyst
Zirkon
TCP 4000
Digital printers "STORK"
Amber
69. Marketing Printing - Digital
Printing
Digital printers with Rubber Belt, Feeder, Winder
71. Lighter Print Faults in Textile Screen Printing on Fabric:
Lighter shades on Selvedge and gradually deeper towards the other.
In the middle of the fabric and darker towards the selvedges.
While using large amount of foam.
Due to uneven application of Gum.
Darker Screen Printing faults:
May be obtained irregularly throughout the fabric.
If a soft table is used on a hard table surface.
If a hard squeeze is used on a soft table surface.
Deep stripes along the warp.
Very small specs of color on the ground (Unprinted Portion).
Screen may get clogged during working.
Difficulties in printing:
72. Printing faults:
1. Print color shadin
2. Print slarted
3. Color spot
4. Bleeding
5. Print wrong
6. Print burn
7. Air hole
8. Print bubble
9. Print missing
10. Wrong place
11. Not properly attached
12. Hand feels
13. Migration
14. Dirty mark
15. Uneven shade
16. Shade variation
17. Print sticky
18. Print not coverage
19. Print gap
20. Print over
21. Wrong side
22. Color wrong
23. Size mistake
24. Bunoledle card mistake
25.Fabric h
26.Fabric shade
27.Crease mark