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Samia Riaz¹, Muhammad Waqas Anwar², Irfan Riaz³, Hyun-Woo Kim⁴, Yunyoung Nam^4,*, Muhammad Attique Khan⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1-17, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018268 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning, Information Fusion, and Features Selection for Video Surveillance Application)
Abstract The captured outdoor images and videos may appear blurred due to haze, fog, and bad weather conditions. Water droplets or dust particles in the atmosphere cause the light to scatter, resulting in very limited scene discernibility and deterioration in the quality of the image captured. Currently, image dehazing has gained much popularity because of its usability in a wide variety of applications. Various algorithms have been proposed to solve this ill-posed problem. These algorithms provide quite promising results in some cases, but they include undesirable artifacts and noise in haze patches in adverse cases. Some… More >

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Mykola Beshley¹, Natalia Kryvinska^2,*, Halyna Beshley¹, Orest Kochan¹, Leonard Barolli³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 19-41, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018579 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Green IoT Networks using Machine Learning, Deep Learning Models)
Abstract In this paper, we developed a new customizable low energy Software Defined Networking (SDN) based Internet of Things (IoT) platform that can be reconfigured according to the requirements of the target IoT applications. Technically, the platform consists of a set of low cost and energy efficient single-board computers, which are interconnected within a network with the software defined configuration. The proposed SDN switch is deployed on Raspberry Pi 3 board using Open vSwitch (OvS) software, while the Floodlight controller is deployed on the Orange Pi Prime board. We firstly presented and implemented the method for More >

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M. Buvana¹, K. Muthumayil², S. Senthil kumar³, Jamel Nebhen⁴, Sultan S. Alshamrani⁵, Ihsan Ali^6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 43-58, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019331 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It was tagged as a pandemic soon by the WHO being a serious public medical condition worldwide. In spite of the fact that the virus can be diagnosed by qRT-PCR, COVID-19 patients who are affected with pneumonia and other severe complications can only be diagnosed with the help of Chest X-Ray (CXR) and Computed Tomography (CT) images. In this paper, the researchers propose to detect the presence of COVID-19 through images using Best deep learning model with various features. Impressive features like Speeded-Up… More >

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Iram Mushtaq¹, Muhammad Umer¹, Muhammad Imran², Inzamam Mashood Nasir³, Ghulam Muhammad^4,*, Mohammad Shorfuzzaman⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 59-72, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019337 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis)
Abstract During COVID-19, the escalated demand for various pharmaceutical products with the existing production capacity of pharmaceutical companies has stirred the need to prioritize its customers in order to fulfill their demand. This study considers a two-echelon pharmaceutical supply chain considering various pharma-distributors as its suppliers and hospitals, pharmacies, and retail stores as its customers. Previous studies have generally considered a balanced situation in terms of supply and demand whereas this study considers a special situation of COVID-19 pandemic where demand exceeds supply Various criteria have been identified from the literature that influences the selection of… More >

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Harshita Patel¹, Dharmendra Singh Rajput^1,*, Ovidiu Petru Stan², Liviu Cristian Miclea²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 73-89, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017114 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and Data Science)
Abstract Classification of imbalanced data is a well explored issue in the data mining and machine learning community where one class representation is overwhelmed by other classes. The Imbalanced distribution of data is a natural occurrence in real world datasets, so needed to be dealt with carefully to get important insights. In case of imbalance in data sets, traditional classifiers have to sacrifice their performances, therefore lead to misclassifications. This paper suggests a weighted nearest neighbor approach in a fuzzy manner to deal with this issue. We have adapted the ‘existing algorithm modification solution’ to learn… More >

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Mavra Mehmood¹, Talha Javed², Jamel Nebhen³, Sidra Abbas^2,*, Rabia Abid¹, Giridhar Reddy Bojja⁴, Muhammad Rizwan¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 91-107, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019127 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and Data Science)
Abstract Due to the widespread use of the internet and smart devices, various attacks like intrusion, zero-day, Malware, and security breaches are a constant threat to any organization's network infrastructure. Thus, a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is required to detect attacks in network traffic. This paper proposes a new hybrid method for intrusion detection and attack categorization. The proposed approach comprises three steps to address high false and low false-negative rates for intrusion detection and attack categorization. In the first step, the dataset is preprocessed through the data transformation technique and min-max method. Secondly, the More >

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Mohammad Sh. Daoud¹, Areej Fatima², Waseem Ahmad Khan³, Muhammad Adnan Khan^4,5,*, Sagheer Abbas³, Baha Ihnaini⁶, Munir Ahmad³, Muhammad Sheraz Javeid⁷, Shabib Aftab³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 109-121, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019295 - 07 September 2021
Abstract The numbers of multimedia applications and their users increase with each passing day. Different multi-carrier systems have been developed along with varying techniques of space-time coding to address the demand of the future generation of network systems. In this article, a fuzzy logic empowered adaptive backpropagation neural network (FLeABPNN) algorithm is proposed for joint channel and multi-user detection (CMD). FLeABPNN has two stages. The first stage estimates the channel parameters, and the second performs multi-user detection. The proposed approach capitalizes on a neuro-fuzzy hybrid system that combines the competencies of both fuzzy logic and neural More >

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Ahmed S. Sakr¹, M. Y. Shams², Amena Mahmoud³, Mohammed Zidan^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 123-134, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019455 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Role of Computer in Modelling & Solving Real-World Problems)
Abstract In this new information era, the transfer of data and information has become a very important matter. Transferred data must be kept secured from unauthorized persons using cryptography. The science of cryptography depends not only on complex mathematical models but also on encryption keys. Amino acid encryption is a promising model for data security. In this paper, we propose an amino acid encryption model with two encryption keys. The first key is generated randomly using the genetic algorithm. The second key is called the protein key which is generated from converting DNA to a protein… More >

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M. Usman Khan^1,*, K. M. Hasan¹, A. Faisal Murtaza², H. M. Usman², Hadeed A. Sher³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 135-150, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019381 - 07 September 2021
Abstract

In this paper, a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system based on a Double Ended Forward Converter (DEFC) is presented. The proposed converter is specified for 48 V, 100 W applications as most of the equipment used in telecommunication and aircraft fall in this range. The literature has limited potential application of DEFC in PV systems. The research work deals with an in-depth study of DEFC and proposes an improved DEFC for PV applications with battery backup. Besides, a bi-directional dc-dc converter for the battery is integrated to track the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PV

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Anabi Hilary Kelechi¹, Mohammed H. Alsharif², Chidumebi Agbaetuo³, Osichinaka Ubadike¹, Alex Aligbe¹, Peerapong Uthansakul^4,*, Raju Kannadasan⁵, Ayman A. Aly⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 151-169, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019431 - 07 September 2021
Abstract The impact of daily emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants of machines and industries on human health and the environment has attracted increasing concerns. This impact has significantly led to a notable increase in mortality in the highly industrialized zones. Therefore, monitoring air quality and creating public awareness are important for a safer future, which led the governments globally to invest multi-billion in policymaking and solution stratification to address the problem. This study aims to design a real-time Internet of Things low-cost air quality monitoring system. The system utilizes air quality and carbon monoxide sensors… More >

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Ahmed M. Nassef^1,2,*, Hegazy Rezk^1,3
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 171-180, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019347 - 07 September 2021
Abstract This paper addresses improvements in fractional order (FO) system performance. Although the classical proportional–integral–derivative (PID)-like fuzzy controller can provide adequate results for both transient and steady-state responses in both linear and nonlinear systems, the FOPID fuzzy controller has been proven to provide better results. This high performance was obtained thanks to the combinative benefits of FO and fuzzy-logic techniques. This paper describes how the optimal gains and FO parameters of the FOPID controller were obtained by the use of a modern optimizer, social spider optimization, in order to improve the response of fractional dynamical systems.… More >

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S. Palani Murugan^1,*, M. Chinnadurai¹, S. Manikandan²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 181-194, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.016152 - 07 September 2021
Abstract The development of intelligent algorithms for controlling autonom- ous mobile robots in real-time activities has increased dramatically in recent years. However, conventional intelligent algorithms currently fail to accurately predict unexpected obstacles involved in tour paths and thereby suffer from inefficient tour trajectories. The present study addresses these issues by proposing a potential field integrated pruned adaptive resonance theory (PPART) neural network for effectively managing the touring process of autonomous mobile robots in real-time. The proposed system is implemented using the AlphaBot platform, and the performance of the system is evaluated according to the obstacle prediction More >

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Xiaoli He¹, Yu Song^2,3,*, Yu Xue⁴, Muhammad Owais⁵, Weijian Yang¹, Xinwen Cheng¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 195-212, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017105 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Spectrum resources are the precious and limited natural resources. In order to improve the utilization of spectrum resources and maximize the network throughput, this paper studies the resource allocation of the downlink cognitive radio network with non-orthogonal multiple access (CRN-NOMA). NOMA, as the key technology of the fifth-generation communication (5G), can effectively increase the capacity of 5G networks. The optimization problem proposed in this paper aims to maximize the number of secondary users (SUs) accessing the system and the total throughput in the CRN-NOMA. Under the constraints of total power, minimum rate, interference and SINR,… More >

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Nikita Jain¹, Vedika Gupta^1,*, Chinmay Chakraborty², Agam Madan¹, Deepali Virmani³, Lorenzo Salas-Morera⁴, Laura Garcia-Hernandez⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 213-231, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.016424 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and Data Science)
Abstract COVID-19 has become one of the critical health issues globally, which surfaced first in latter part of the year 2019. It is the topmost concern for many nations’ governments as the contagious virus started mushrooming over adjacent regions of infected areas. In 1980, a vaccine called Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was introduced for preventing tuberculosis and lung cancer. Countries that have made the BCG vaccine mandatory have witnessed a lesser COVID-19 fatality rate than the countries that have not made it compulsory. This paper’s initial research shows that the countries with a long-term compulsory BCG vaccination… More >

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Syed Sajid Ullah¹, Saddam Hussain¹, Abdu Gumaei^2,3,*, Mohsin S. Alhilal⁴, Bader Fahad Alkhamees⁴, Mueen Uddin⁵, Mabrook Al-Rakhami²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 233-249, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017971 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Nowadays, healthcare has become an important area for the Internet of Things (IoT) to automate healthcare facilities to share and use patient data anytime and anywhere with Internet services. At present, the host-based Internet paradigm is used for sharing and accessing healthcare-related data. However, due to the location-dependent nature, it suffers from latency, mobility, and security. For this purpose, Named Data Networking (NDN) has been recommended as the future Internet paradigm to cover the shortcomings of the traditional host-based Internet paradigm. Unfortunately, the novel breed lacks a secure framework for healthcare. This article constructs an More >

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Mohammad Riyaz Belgaum¹, Fuead Ali¹, Zainab Alansari², Shahrulniza Musa^1,*, Muhammad Mansoor Alam^1,3, M. S. Mazliham⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 251-266, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018211 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Software-defined networking (SDN) plays a critical role in transforming networking from traditional to intelligent networking. The increasing demand for services from cloud users has increased the load on the network. An efficient system must handle various loads and increasing needs representing the relationships and dependence of businesses on automated measurement systems and guarantee the quality of service (QoS). The multiple paths from source to destination give a scope to select an optimal path by maintaining an equilibrium of load using some best algorithms. Moreover, the requests need to be transferred to reliable network elements. To… More >

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M. A. El Safty^1,*, Samirah Al Zahrani¹, M. K. El-Bably², M. El Sayed³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 267-285, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019345 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Application of Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Learning Approach for Learning Process in COVID-19/Industrial Revolution 4.0)
Abstract In this paper, we present a proposed method for generating a soft rough approximation as a modification and generalization of Zhaowen et al. approach. Comparisons were obtained between our approach and the previous study and also. Eventually, an application on Coronavirus (COVID-19) has been presented, illustrated using our proposed concept, and some influencing results for symptoms of Coronavirus patients have been deduced. Moreover, following these concepts, we construct an algorithm and apply it to a decision-making problem to demonstrate the applicability of our proposed approach. Finally, a proposed approach that competes with others has been More >

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Manish Agrawal¹, Piyush Kumar Shukla², Rajit Nair³, Anand Nayyar^4,5,*, Mehedi Masud⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 287-304, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.014637 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Stock market trends forecast is one of the most current topics and a significant research challenge due to its dynamic and unstable nature. The stock data is usually non-stationary, and attributes are non-correlative to each other. Several traditional Stock Technical Indicators (STIs) may incorrectly predict the stock market trends. To study the stock market characteristics using STIs and make efficient trading decisions, a robust model is built. This paper aims to build up an Evolutionary Deep Learning Model (EDLM) to identify stock trends’ prices by using STIs. The proposed model has implemented the Deep Learning… More >

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Gagandeep Singh Walia¹, Parulpreet Singh¹, Manwinder Singh¹, Mohamed Abouhawwash^2,3, Hyung Ju Park⁴, Byeong-Gwon Kang^4,*, Shubham Mahajan⁵, Amit Kant Pandit⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 305-321, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019171 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Location information plays an important role in most of the applications in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Recently, many localization techniques have been proposed, while most of these deals with two Dimensional applications. Whereas, in Three Dimensional applications the task is complex and there are large variations in the altitude levels. In these 3D environments, the sensors are placed in mountains for tracking and deployed in air for monitoring pollution level. For such applications, 2D localization models are not reliable. Due to this, the design of 3D localization systems in WSNs faces new challenges. In this… More >

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A. Prithiviraj^1,*, A. Maheswari², D. Balamurugan¹, Vinayakumar Ravi³, Moez Krichen^4,5, Roobaea Alroobaea⁶, Saeed Rubaiee⁷, Sankar Sennan¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 323-341, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.015299 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Deep Learning Trends in Intelligent Systems)
Abstract Despite the seemingly exponential growth of mobile and wireless communication, this same technology aims to offer uninterrupted access to different wireless systems like Radio Communication, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi to achieve better network connection which in turn gives the best quality of service (QoS). Many analysts have established many handover decision systems (HDS) to enable assured continuous mobility between various radio access technologies. Unbroken mobility is one of the most significant problems considered in wireless communication networks. Each application needs a distinct QoS, so the network choice may shift appropriately. To achieve this objective and to… More >

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Asif Mehmood¹, Muhammad Attique Khan², Usman Tariq³, Chang-Won Jeong⁴, Yunyoung Nam^5,*, Reham R. Mostafa⁶, Amira ElZeiny⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 343-360, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019250 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning, Information Fusion, and Features Selection for Video Surveillance Application)
Abstract Background—Human Gait Recognition (HGR) is an approach based on biometric and is being widely used for surveillance. HGR is adopted by researchers for the past several decades. Several factors are there that affect the system performance such as the walking variation due to clothes, a person carrying some luggage, variations in the view angle. Proposed—In this work, a new method is introduced to overcome different problems of HGR. A hybrid method is proposed or efficient HGR using deep learning and selection of best features. Four major steps are involved in this work-preprocessing of the video frames,… More >

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Mamdouh El Haj Assad¹, Ibrahim Mahariq², Raymond Ghandour², Mohammad Alhuyi Nazari³, Thabet Abdeljawad^4,5,6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 361-374, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019048 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Complex Systems)
Abstract Nanofluids are extensively applied in various heat transfer mediums for improving their heat transfer characteristics and hence their performance. Specific heat capacity of nanofluids, as one of the thermophysical properties, performs principal role in heat transfer of thermal mediums utilizing nanofluids. In this regard, different studies have been carried out to investigate the influential factors on nanofluids specific heat. Moreover, several regression models based on correlations or artificial intelligence have been developed for forecasting this property of nanofluids. In the current review paper, influential parameters on the specific heat capacity of nanofluids are introduced. Afterwards, More >

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Fareeha Sameen¹, Abdul Momin Kazi², Majida Kazmi^1,*, Munir A Abbasi³, Saad Ahmed Qazi^1,4, Lampros K Stergioulas^3,5
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 375-395, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019167 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Routine immunization (RI) of children is the most effective and timely public health intervention for decreasing child mortality rates around the globe. Pakistan being a low-and-middle-income-country (LMIC) has one of the highest child mortality rates in the world occurring mainly due to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). For improving RI coverage, a critical need is to establish potential RI defaulters at an early stage, so that appropriate interventions can be targeted towards such population who are identified to be at risk of missing on their scheduled vaccine uptakes. In this paper, a machine learning (ML) based predictive… More >

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Chia-Nan Wang¹, Chien-Chang Chou^2,*, Hsien-Pin Hsu³, Van Thanh Nguyen⁴, Viet Tinh Nguyen⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 397-412, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019470 - 07 September 2021
Abstract The two main approaches that countries are using to ease the strain on healthcare infrastructure is building temporary hospitals that are specialized in treating COVID-19 patients and promoting preventive measures. As such, the selection of the optimal location for a temporary hospital and the calculation of the prioritization of preventive measures are two of the most critical decisions during the pandemic, especially in densely populated areas where the risk of transmission of the virus is highest. If the location selection process or the prioritization of measures is poor, healthcare workers and patients can be harmed,… More >

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Nazarii Lutsiv¹, Taras Maksymyuk^1,*, Mykola Beshley¹, Orest Lavriv¹, Volodymyr Andrushchak¹, Anatoliy Sachenko², Liberios Vokorokos³, Juraj Gazda³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 413-431, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018773 - 07 September 2021
Abstract The extensive proliferation of modern information services and ubiquitous digitization of society have raised cybersecurity challenges to new levels. With the massive number of connected devices, opportunities for potential network attacks are nearly unlimited. An additional problem is that many low-cost devices are not equipped with effective security protection so that they are easily hacked and applied within a network of bots (botnet) to perform distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel intrusion detection system (IDS) based on deep learning that aims to identify suspicious behavior in modern heterogeneous… More >

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Akanksha Tiwari¹, Ram Bilas Pachori^1,2, Premjit Khanganba Sanjram^1,3,4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 433-450, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019256 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced signal acquisition and processing for Internet of Medical Things)
Abstract Mental rotation (MR) is an important aspect of cognitive processing in gaming since transformation and manipulation of visuospatial information are necessary in order to execute a gaming task. This study provides insights on saccadic characteristics in gaming task performance that involves 2D and 3D isomorphic objects with varying angular disparity. Healthy participants (N = 60) performed MR gaming task. Each participant was tested individually in an acoustic treated lab environment. Gaze behavior data of all participants were recorded during task execution and analyzed to find the changes in spatiotemporal characteristics of saccades associated with the variation in angular… More >

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Indrajeet Kumar¹, Sultan S. Alshamrani², Abhishek Kumar³, Jyoti Rawat⁴, Kamred Udham Singh¹, Mamoon Rashid^5,*, Ahmed Saeed AlGhamdi⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 451-468, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019443 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and Data Science)
Abstract Early diagnosis of a pandemic disease like COVID-19 can help deal with a dire situation and help radiologists and other experts manage human resources more effectively. In a recent pandemic, laboratories perform diagnostics manually, which requires a lot of time and expertise of the laboratorial technicians to yield accurate results. Moreover, the cost of kits is high, and well-equipped labs are needed to perform this test. Therefore, other means of diagnosis is highly desirable. Radiography is one of the existing methods that finds its use in the diagnosis of COVID-19. The radiography observes change in… More >

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Adil Hussain Seh¹, Jehad F. Al-Amri², Ahmad F. Subahi³, Md Tarique Jamal Ansari¹, Rajeev Kumar^4,*, Mohammad Ubaidullah Bokhari⁵, Raees Ahmad Khan¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 469-489, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019593 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Transformation from conventional business management systems to smart digital systems is a recurrent trend in the current era. This has led to digital revolution, and in this context, the hardwired technologies in the software industry play a significant role However, from the beginning, software security remains a serious issue for all levels of stakeholders. Software vulnerabilities lead to intrusions that cause data breaches and result in disclosure of sensitive data, compromising the organizations’ reputation that translates into, financial losses as well. Most of the data breaches are financially motivated, especially in the healthcare sector. The… More >

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Hyun-Sun Hwang¹, Jae-Hyun Ro², Chan-Yeob Park¹, Young-Hwan You³, Hyoung-Kyu Song^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 491-504, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019397 - 07 September 2021
Abstract A number of requirements for 5G mobile communication are satisfied by adopting multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. The inter user interference (IUI) which is an inevitable problem in MIMO systems becomes controllable when the precoding scheme is used. In this paper, the horizontal Gauss-Seidel (HGS) method is proposed as precoding scheme in massive MIMO systems. In massive MIMO systems, the exact inversion of channel matrix is impractical due to the severe computational complexity. Therefore, the conventional Gauss-Seidel (GS) method is used to approximate the inversion of channel matrix. The GS has good performance by More >

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Summra Saleem^1,2, M. Usman Ghani Khan^1,2, Tanzila Saba³, Ibrahim Abunadi³, Amjad Rehman^3,*, Saeed Ali Bahaj⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 505-521, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018871 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Image translation plays a significant role in realistic image synthesis, entertainment tasks such as editing and colorization, and security including personal identification. In Edge GAN, the major contribution is attribute guided vector that enables high visual quality content generation. This research study proposes automatic face image realism from freehand sketches based on Edge GAN. We propose a density variant image synthesis model, allowing the input sketch to encompass face features with minute details. The density level is projected into non-latent space, having a linear controlled function parameter. This assists the user to appropriately devise the More >

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Ansari Saleh Ahmar¹, Pawan Kumar Singh², Nguyen Van Thanh^3,*, Nguyen Viet Tinh³, Vo Minh Hieu³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 523-534, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017068 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Application of Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Learning Approach for Learning Process in COVID-19/Industrial Revolution 4.0)
Abstract The novel coronavirus has played a disastrous role in many countries worldwide. The outbreak became a major epidemic, engulfing the entire world in lockdown and it is now speculated that its economic impact might be worse than economic deceleration and decline. This paper identifies two different models to capture the trend of closing stock prices in Brazil (BVSP), Russia (IMOEX.ME), India (BSESN), and China (SSE), i.e., (BRIC) countries. We predict the stock prices for three daily time periods, so appropriate preparations can be undertaken to solve these issues. First, we compared the ARIMA, SutteARIMA and… More >

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Arshia Arif¹, M. Jawad Khan^1,2,*, Kashif Javed¹, Hasan Sajid^1,2, Saddaf Rubab¹, Noman Naseer³, Talha Irfan Khan⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 535-555, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018318 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis)
Abstract For BCI systems, it is important to have an accurate and less complex architecture to control a device with enhanced accuracy. In this paper, a novel methodology for more accurate detection of the hemodynamic response has been developed using a multimodal brain-computer interface (BCI). An integrated classifier has been developed for achieving better classification accuracy using two modalities. An integrated EEG-fNIRS-based vector-phase analysis (VPA) has been conducted. An open-source dataset collected at the Technische Universität Berlin, including simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals of 26 healthy participants during n-back tests, has been… More >

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R. Manjula Devi¹, M. Premkumar², Pradeep Jangir³, B. Santhosh Kumar⁴, Dalal Alrowaili⁵, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar^6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 557-579, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019611 - 07 September 2021
Abstract In machine learning and data mining, feature selection (FS) is a traditional and complicated optimization problem. Since the run time increases exponentially, FS is treated as an NP-hard problem. The researcher’s effort to build a new FS solution was inspired by the ongoing need for an efficient FS framework and the success rates of swarming outcomes in different optimization scenarios. This paper presents two binary variants of a Hunger Games Search Optimization (HGSO) algorithm based on V- and S-shaped transfer functions within a wrapper FS model for choosing the best features from a large dataset.… More >

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Alamgir Safi¹, Muhammad Asghar Khan^2,*, Fahad Algarni³, Muhammad Adnan Aziz¹, M. Irfan Uddin⁴, Insaf Ullah², Tanweer Ahmad Cheema¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 581-599, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018963 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in 5G Antenna Designs and Systems)
Abstract Linear antenna arrays (LAs) can be used to accurately predict the direction of arrival (DOAs) of various targets of interest in a given area. However, under certain conditions, LA suffers from the problem of ambiguities among the angles of targets, which may result in misinterpretation of such targets. In order to cope up with such ambiguities, various techniques have been proposed. Unfortunately, none of them fully resolved such a problem because of rank deficiency and high computational cost. We aimed to resolve such a problem by proposing an algorithm using differential geometry. The proposed algorithm… More >

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Navid Ali Khan¹, N. Z. Jhanjhi^1,*, Sarfraz Nawaz Brohi², Abdulwahab Ali Almazroi³, Abdulaleem Ali Almazroi⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 601-618, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019419 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Mavlink is a lightweight and most widely used open-source communication protocol used for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Multiple UAVs and autopilot systems support it, and it provides bi-directional communication between the UAV and Ground Control Station. The communications contain critical information about the UAV status and basic control commands sent from GCS to UAV and UAV to GCS. In order to increase the transfer speed and efficiency, the Mavlink does not encrypt the messages. As a result, the protocol is vulnerable to various security attacks such as Eavesdropping, GPS Spoofing, and DDoS. In this study, we… More >

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Javaria Amin¹, Muhammad Almas Anjum², Muhammad Sharif³, Seifedine Kadry⁴, Yunyoung Nam^5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 619-635, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018562 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Deep Learning and Saliency Methods for Agriculture)
Abstract As they have nutritional, therapeutic, so values, plants were regarded as important and they’re the main source of humankind’s energy supply. Plant pathogens will affect its leaves at a certain time during crop cultivation, leading to substantial harm to crop productivity & economic selling price. In the agriculture industry, the identification of fungal diseases plays a vital role. However, it requires immense labor, greater planning time, and extensive knowledge of plant pathogens. Computerized approaches are developed and tested by different researchers to classify plant disease identification, and that in many cases they have also had… More >

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Mohammed A. Alghassab^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 637-652, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019527 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Trends in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning)
Abstract Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are very important for proper functioning of any electronic device. PCBs are installed in almost all the electronic device and their functionality is dependent on the perfection of PCBs. If PCBs do not function properly then the whole electric machine might fail. So, keeping this in mind researchers are working in this field to develop error free PCBs. Initially these PCBs were examined by the human beings manually, but the human error did not give good results as sometime defected PCBs were categorized as non-defective. So, researchers and experts transformed this… More >

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Sadia Ali¹, Yaser Hafeez¹, Muhammad Bilal², Saqib Saeed³, Kyung Sup Kwak^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 653-668, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018779 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) comprise interactive computation, networking, and physical processes. The integrative environment of CPS enables the smart systems to be aware of the surrounding physical world. Smart systems, such as smart health care systems, smart homes, smart transportation, and smart cities, are made up of complex and dynamic CPS. The components integration development approach should be based on the divide and conquer theory. This way multiple interactive components can reduce the development complexity in CPS. As reusability enhances efficiency and consistency in CPS, encapsulation of component functionalities and a well-designed user interface is vital… More >

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HongGeun Ji^1,2, Soyoung Oh¹, Jina Kim³, Seong Choi^1,2, Eunil Park^1,2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 669-678, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019521 - 07 September 2021
Abstract In the field of natural language processing (NLP), the advancement of neural machine translation has paved the way for cross-lingual research. Yet, most studies in NLP have evaluated the proposed language models on well-refined datasets. We investigate whether a machine translation approach is suitable for multilingual analysis of unrefined datasets, particularly, chat messages in Twitch. In order to address it, we collected the dataset, which included 7,066,854 and 3,365,569 chat messages from English and Korean streams, respectively. We employed several machine learning classifiers and neural networks with two different types of embedding: word-sequence embedding and the… More >

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Yanghoon Kim¹, Jawon Kim², Hangbae Chang^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 679-694, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.015610 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence and IoT based intelligent systems using high performance computing for Medical applications.)
Abstract The medical convergence industry has gradually adopted ICT devices, which has led to legacy security problems related to ICT devices. However, it has been difficult to solve these problems due to data resource issues. Such problems can cause a lack of reliability in medical artificial intelligence services that utilize medical information. Therefore, to provide reliable services focused on security internalization, it is necessary to establish a medical convergence environment-oriented security management system. This study proposes the use of system identification and countermeasures to secure system reliability when using medical convergence environment information in medical artificial More >

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Jurgita Markevičiūtė^1,*, Jolita Bernatavičienė², Rūta Levulienė¹, Viktor Medvedev², Povilas Treigys², Julius Venskus²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 695-714, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018735 - 07 September 2021
Abstract The growing number of COVID-19 cases puts pressure on healthcare services and public institutions worldwide. The pandemic has brought much uncertainty to the global economy and the situation in general. Forecasting methods and modeling techniques are important tools for governments to manage critical situations caused by pandemics, which have negative impact on public health. The main purpose of this study is to obtain short-term forecasts of disease epidemiology that could be useful for policymakers and public institutions to make necessary short-term decisions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed attention-based method combining certain data mining… More >

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Shidrokh Goudarzi^1,2,*, Seyed Ahmad Soleymani^2,3, Mohammad Hossein Anisi⁴, Domenico Ciuonzo⁵, Nazri Kama⁶, Salwani Abdullah¹, Mohammad Abdollahi Azgomi², Zenon Chaczko⁷, Azri Azmi⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 715-738, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019550 - 07 September 2021
Abstract The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a promising technology that could be used to monitor rivers’ water levels for early warning flood detection in the 5G context. However, during a flood, sensor nodes may be washed up or become faulty, which seriously affects network connectivity. To address this issue, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) could be integrated with WSN as routers or data mules to provide reliable data collection and flood prediction. In light of this, we propose a fault-tolerant multi-level framework comprised of a WSN and a UAV to monitor river levels. The framework is… More >

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Hani Mohammed Alshahrani^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 739-766, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019623 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Trends in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning)
Abstract One of the most rapidly growing areas in the last few years is the Internet of Things (IoT), which has been used in widespread fields such as healthcare, smart homes, and industries. Android is one of the most popular operating systems (OS) used by IoT devices for communication and data exchange. Android OS captured more than 70 percent of the market share in 2021. Because of the popularity of the Android OS, it has been targeted by cybercriminals who have introduced a number of issues, such as stealing private information. As reported by one of… More >

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Hyun Ahn¹, Kyunghee Sun², Kwanghoon Pio Kim^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 767-779, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019369 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Time series forecasting has become an important aspect of data analysis and has many real-world applications. However, undesirable missing values are often encountered, which may adversely affect many forecasting tasks. In this study, we evaluate and compare the effects of imputation methods for estimating missing values in a time series. Our approach does not include a simulation to generate pseudo-missing data, but instead perform imputation on actual missing data and measure the performance of the forecasting model created therefrom. In an experiment, therefore, several time series forecasting models are trained using different training datasets prepared More >

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Ishaani Priyadarshini^*, Chase Cotton
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 781-800, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019284 - 07 September 2021
Abstract

The increasing capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI), has led researchers and visionaries to think in the direction of machines outperforming humans by gaining intelligence equal to or greater than humans, which may not always have a positive impact on the society. AI gone rogue, and Technological Singularity are major concerns in academia as well as the industry. It is necessary to identify the limitations of machines and analyze their incompetence, which could draw a line between human and machine intelligence. Internet memes are an amalgam of pictures, videos, underlying messages, ideas, sentiments, humor, and experiences,

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J. Jean Justus^1,*, M. Thirunavukkarasan², K. Dhayalini³, G. Visalaxi⁴, Adel Khelifi⁵, Mohamed Elhoseny^6,7
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 801-816, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019122 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) forms an essential part of IoT. It is embedded in the target environment to observe the physical parameters based on the type of application. Sensor nodes in WSN are constrained by different features such as memory, bandwidth, energy, and its processing capabilities. In WSN, data transmission process consumes the maximum amount of energy than sensing and processing of the sensors. So, diverse clustering and data aggregation techniques are designed to achieve excellent energy efficiency in WSN. In this view, the current research article presents a novel Type II Fuzzy Logic-based Cluster… More >

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Prachi Agrawal¹, Khalid Alnowibet², Talari Ganesh¹, Adel F. Alrasheedi², Hijaz Ahmad³, Ali Wagdy Mohamed^4,5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 817-829, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019685 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Role of Computer in Modelling & Solving Real-World Problems)
Abstract Recent years witness a great deal of interest in artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the area of optimization. AI has developed a large number of tools to solve the most difficult search-and-optimization problems in computer science and operations research. Indeed, metaheuristic-based algorithms are a sub-field of AI. This study presents the use of the metaheuristic algorithm, that is, water cycle algorithm (WCA), in the transportation problem. A stochastic transportation problem is considered in which the parameters supply and demand are considered as random variables that follow the Weibull distribution. Since the parameters are stochastic, the… More >

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Osama S. Faragallah^1,*, Ahmed I. Sallam², Hala S. El-sayed³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 831-845, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019151 - 07 September 2021
Abstract Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a contagious disease that causes exceptional effect on healthcare organizations worldwide with dangerous impact on medical services within the hospitals. Because of the fast spread of COVID-19, the healthcare facilities could be a big source of disease infection. So, healthcare video consultations should be used to decrease face-to-face communication between clinician and patients. Healthcare video consultations may be beneficial for some COVID-19 conditions and reduce the need for face-to-face contact with a potentially positive patient without symptoms. These conditions are like top clinicians who provide remote consultations to develop treatment methodology and… More >

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Mohamed Abdel-Basset¹, Ahmed Sleem¹, Asmaa Atef¹, Yunyoung Nam^2,*, Mohamed Abouhawwash^3,4
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 847-874, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017106 - 07 September 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Complex Healthcare Applications)
Abstract Project scheduling is a key objective of many models and is the proposed method for project planning and management. Project scheduling problems depend on precedence relationships and resource constraints, in addition to some other limitations for achieving a subset of goals. Project scheduling problems are dependent on many limitations, including limitations of precedence relationships, resource constraints, and some other limitations for achieving a subset of goals. Deterministic project scheduling models consider all information about the scheduling problem such as activity durations and precedence relationships information resources available and required, which are known and stable during… More >

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Muhammad Reazul Haque¹, Saw Chin Tan¹, Zulfadzli Yusoff^2,*, Kashif Nisar^3,7, Rizaludin Kaspin⁴, Iram Haider³, Sana Nisar³, J. P. C. Rodrigues^5,6, Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry⁷, Muhammad Aslam Uqaili⁷, Satya Prasad Majumder⁸, Danda B. Rawat⁹, Richard Etengu¹, Rajkumar Buyya¹⁰
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 875-894, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018505 - 07 September 2021
Abstract In the design and planning of next-generation Internet of Things (IoT), telecommunication, and satellite communication systems, controller placement is crucial in software-defined networking (SDN). The programmability of the SDN controller is sophisticated for the centralized control system of the entire network. Nevertheless, it creates a significant loophole for the manifestation of a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack straightforwardly. Furthermore, recently a Distributed Reflected Denial of Service (DRDoS) attack, an unusual DDoS attack, has been detected. However, minimal deliberation has given to this forthcoming single point of SDN infrastructure failure problem. Moreover, recently the high More >

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