genetic

It is caused by genetic change that means people make haemoglobin - a key protein in red blood cells - that doesn't work properly.

The genetic breakdown indicates that the species fortunate enough to be Chiroptera possess special immune systems because of a common ancestor which had an unexpectedly high number of immune genes with these beneficial signatures.

In other cases, it's more complicated: There's no question that diabetes has both diet and genetic factors.

While this built-in immunity is good news for the ducks, it can also allow for greater chance of reassortment — when viruses share genetic material — increasing the risk of another pandemic like COVID-19.

Xenotransplantation, often with genetic modification, is viewed by many scientists as a hopeful alternative to bridge that gap, particularly with pig hearts and pig kidneys.