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トランスファーRNAとは? わかりやすく解説

Weblio 辞書 > 辞書・百科事典 > デジタル大辞泉 > トランスファーRNAの意味・解説 

トランスファー‐アールエヌエー【transfer RNA】【トランスファーRNA】

読み方:とらんすふぁーあーるえぬえー

転移RNA


転移RNA

(トランスファーRNA から転送)

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2024/04/07 09:06 UTC 版)

転移RNA(てんいRNA、: transfer RNAtRNA)は[1]、通常76–90ヌクレオチド真核生物の場合[2])のRNAからなるアダプター分子であり、遺伝情報を含むmRNAとタンパク質のアミノ酸配列とを物理的に結びつける役割を担う。運搬RNAトランスファーRNAとも呼ばれ、通常tRNAと略記される。かつてはsRNA(soluble RNA)と呼ばれていた。tRNAは、細胞内のリボソームというタンパク質合成機械にアミノ酸を運ぶことでこれを行う。伝令RNA(メッセンジャーRNA、mRNA)上の3ヌクレオチドコドンと、tRNA上の3ヌクレオチドアンチコドン相補的な関係が、mRNA上のコードに基づくタンパク質の合成に結びつく。このように、tRNAは、遺伝暗号に従って新しいタンパク質を生物学的に合成する翻訳に欠かせない要素である。


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