大調

$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose c c' { \time 32/4 c4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d\stopGroup e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f\stopGroup g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize c'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose c c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 c4 d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e\stopGroup f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose c c' { \time 32/4 c4 d e f g a b c'1 } }$

C 大調 / C 艾奧尼安調式。

大調（英文：major scale）係一種七個音嘅音階，按照現時西樂樂理嘅定義，係由七個音程組成，順序係全音、全音、半音、全音、全音、全音、半音^[1]；加埋啱啱一個八度。喺鍵盤樂器，最簡單嘅大調係 C 大調，因為唔使用黑色琴指，五線譜亦冇升號降號。

同一個大調，喺唔同嘅音開始，按音階順序上，攞齊七個音，可以得出七個唔同嘅調式；由第一個音開始嘅叫艾奧尼安調式^{[註 1]}（Ionian mode），亦即係大調本身亦可以睇成係調式嘅一種。不過，有啲音樂人認為，如果話一件作品係用咗艾奧尼安調式（而唔係話佢用咗某個大調），就應該寫到佢唔似調性音樂。

雖然大調個名係喺西樂度度嚟，但係唔係淨係西樂先有呢樣嘢。例如，阿拉伯音樂同土耳其音樂都有呢樣嘢，只係佢哋唔係叫佢做大調^[2]。

順階和弦

構成大調嘅七個音，對應七個順階和弦：

名		構成音	性質	例（C 大調）
羅馬數字	數字和弦	構成音	性質	例（C 大調）
I	1	1-3-5	大和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <c e g>1 }$
ii	2-	2-4-6	小和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <d f a>1 }$
iii	3-	3-5-7	小和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <e g b>1 }$
IV	4	4-6-1	大和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <f a c'>1 }$
V	5	5-7-2	大和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <g b d'>1 }$
vi	6-	6-1-3	小和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <a c' e'>1 }$
vii°	7°	7-2-4	減和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <b d' f'>1 }$

調式

起音音級	名	別名	例（中央 C 起音）
1	艾奧尼安調式^{[註 2]} (Ionian)	大調	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose c c' { \time 32/4 c4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d\stopGroup e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f\stopGroup g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize c'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose c c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 c4 d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e\stopGroup f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose c c' { \time 32/4 c4 d e f g a b c'1 } }$
2	多里安調式^{[註 3]} (Dorian)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose d c' { \time 32/4 d4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e\stopGroup f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize d'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose d c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 d4 e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f\stopGroup g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose d c' { \time 32/4 d4 e f g a b c' d'1 } }$
3	費里吉安調式^{[註 4]} (Phrygian)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose e c' { \time 32/4 e4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f\stopGroup g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize e'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose e c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 e4 f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d'\stopGroup e'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose e c' { \time 32/4 e4 f g a b c' d' e'1 } }$
4	利地安調式^{[註 5]} (Lydian)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose f c' { \time 32/4 f4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d'\stopGroup e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize f'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose f c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 f4 g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e'\stopGroup f'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose f c' { \time 32/4 f4 g a b c' d' e' f'1 } }$
5	米索利地安調式^{[註 6]} (Mixolydian)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose g c' { \time 32/4 g4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e'\stopGroup f'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize g'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose g c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 g4 a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d'\stopGroup e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f'\stopGroup g'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose g c' { \time 32/4 g4 a b c' d' e' f' g'1 } }$
6	伊奧利安調式^{[註 7]} (Aeolian)	自然小調	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose a c' { \time 32/4 a4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d'\stopGroup e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f'\stopGroup g'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize a'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose a c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 a4 b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e'\stopGroup f'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g'\stopGroup a'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose a c' { \time 32/4 a4 b c' d' e' f' g' a'1 } }$
7	洛克里安調式^[暫譯]^{[註 8]} (Locrian)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose b c' { \time 32/4 b4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e'\stopGroup f'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g'\stopGroup a'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize b'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose b c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 b4 c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d'\stopGroup e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f'\stopGroup g'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a'\stopGroup b'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose b c' { \time 32/4 b4 c' d' e' f' g' a' b'1 } }$

參考資料

↑ Michelmore 2020, 4:27.
↑ Hines, Edward J. "What are makams? Part 2" (英文). 喺2024年10月30號搵到.

註

↑ 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組, p. 27
↑ 譯名見：藝術教育組 2023年, p. 27
↑ 譯名見：藝術教育組 2023年, p. 17
↑ 譯名見：藝術教育組 2023年, p. 40
↑ 譯名見：藝術教育組 2023年, p. 30
↑ 譯名見：藝術教育組 2023年, p. 33
↑ 譯名見：藝術教育組 2023年, p. 2
↑ 譯名參考：藝術教育組 2023年；又：M5 無日期。香港教育局畀嘅譯名明顯係普通話簡轉繁（出現唔正常嘅｢裏｣字、唔係用｢安｣），教育局畀嘅名呢度只能夠做參考。

書目

課程發展處藝術教育組 (2023年9月)。〈音樂科學與教常用英漢辭彙〉 (PDF) (英文、香港中文)。教育局。喺2024年7月22號搵到。
Michelmore, Guy (2020年2月25號). Music Theory in 16 Minutes (短片) (英國英文). 喺2024年10月30號搵到.

自然音階同埋調

	調號嘅升/降號數量	大調	小調	大調	小調
	調號嘅升/降號數量	升號		降號
常用七大/小調	0	C大調 - A小調
	1	G大調	E小調	F大調	D小調
	2	D大調	B小調	B♭大調	G小調
	3	A大調	F♯小調	E♭大調	C小調
	4	E大調	C♯小調	A♭大調	F小調
	5	B大調	G♯小調	D♭大調	B♭小調
	6	F♯大調	D♯小調	G♭大調	E♭小調
	7	C♯大調	A♯小調	C♭大調	A♭小調
理論調	8	G♯大調	E♯小調	F♭大調	D♭小調

[FOOTNOTEMichelmore20204:27-1] Michelmore 2020, 4:27.

[3] Hines, Edward J. "What are makams? Part 2" (英文). 喺2024年10月30號搵到.

[g-e7a4077245ea983c2cde6a35c034d8d6-2] 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組, p. 27

[g-434e26b8d166f758929911a4e4d01db8-4] 譯名見：藝術教育組 2023年, p. 27

[g-b900ff60280fbc91932c600b9b24da8d-5] 譯名見：藝術教育組 2023年, p. 17

[g-06a270d746d03c9e7153dc87e1c6751a-6] 譯名見：藝術教育組 2023年, p. 40

[g-3c90daa8c31a3ceccea1d9bfedb9df49-7] 譯名見：藝術教育組 2023年, p. 30

[g-2564a16d8c1c44340fedc724baa73941-8] 譯名見：藝術教育組 2023年, p. 33

[g-6dc00f1114337d01205d9fe22f502e78-9] 譯名見：藝術教育組 2023年, p. 2

[g-2e7713d1acceeee718a2c16d747eff89-10] 譯名參考：藝術教育組 2023年；又：M5 無日期。香港教育局畀嘅譯名明顯係普通話簡轉繁（出現唔正常嘅｢裏｣字、唔係用｢安｣），教育局畀嘅名呢度只能夠做參考。

[1]

[註 1]

[2]

[註 2]

[註 3]

[註 4]

[註 5]

[註 6]

[註 7]

[註 8]