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- Amiens (French pronunciation: [a.mjɛ̃]) is a city and commune in northern France, 120 km (75 mi) north of Paris and 100 km (62 mi) south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme department in Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie. The city had a population of 136,105 according to the 2006 census. The first known settlement was Samarobriva ("Somme bridge"), the central settlement of the Ambiani, one of the principal tribes of Gaul. The town was given the name Ambianum by the Romans, meaning settlement of the Ambiani people. The town has been much fought over, being attacked by barbarian tribes, and later by the Normans. In 1113 the city was recognized by King Louis VI of France, and joined to the Crown of France in 1185. In 1597, Spanish soldiers held the city during the six-month Siege of Amiens, before Henry IV regained control. During the 18th and 19th century, the textile tradition of Amiens became famous for its velours. In 1789 the provinces of France were dismantled and the territory was organised into departments. Much of Picardy became the newly created department of Somme, with Amiens as the departmental capital. During the industrial revolution the city walls were demolished, opening up space for large boulevards around the town centre. The neighbourhood in the south of the city was developed around this time. In 1848, the first railway arrived in Amiens, linking the city to Boulogne-sur-Mer. During the 1870 Battle of Amiens, when the Somme was invaded by Prussian forces, Amiens was occupied. The town was fought over during both the First and Second World Wars, suffering much damage, and being occupied several times by both sides. The 1918 Battle of Amiens, was the opening phase of the Hundred Days Offensive, which led directly to the Armistice with Germany that ended the war. It was heavily bombed by the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. The city was rebuilt according to Pierre Dufau's plans, with a focus on widening the streets to ease traffic congestion. These newer structures were primarily built of brick, concrete and white stone with slate roofs. The architect Auguste Perret designed the Gare d'Amiens train station and nearby Tour Perret. (en)
- L'Histoire d'Amiens commence au Paléolithique selon les vestiges archéologiques mis au jour depuis le XIXe siècle qui démontrent que, le site de double confluence où s'est construit Amiens était occupé par l'homme, il y a 500 000 ans. Mais c'est Jules César qui nomma pour la première fois le lieu dans La Guerre des Gaules. Au Ier siècle, les Romains fondèrent la ville de Samarobriva qui devint Amiens au IVe siècle. La ville se développa au Moyen Âge et à l'époque moderne grâce à son activité textile. L'arrivée du chemin de fer au XIXe siècle raffermit sa position de ville du textile. La Seconde Guerre mondiale devait la mutiler sévèrement. La reconstruction des années 1950 permit un accroissement et une diversification de ses activités. (fr)
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