Turan Şener

Bu kitap ve kitabın özgün özellikleri tamamen Nüve Kültür Merkezi'ne aittir. Hiçbir şekilde taklit edilemez. Yayınevinin izni olmadan kısmen ya da tamamen kopyalanamaz, çoğaltılamaz. Nüve Kültür Merkezi hukukî sorumluluk ve takibat hakkını saklı tutar.

Transformation in public administration began in 1980s. The management understanding of the public sector has evolved from traditional public administration to new public management understanding and from there to the contemporary governance understanding. The new public management understanding is based on the idea that the state can be managed, essentially, with the principles and tools of the private sector. The new public management approach aims to introduce private sector concepts of effectiveness, efficiency and being economical in the functioning of the state. Governance approach, on the other hand, emerged in 1990s, when the functioning of the state was open to a new round of questioning. With governance, the aim is to create a multi-stakeholder management structure where the state is accompanied by the civil society and markets. The objective is to achieve effectiveness, efficiency, transparency, openness, accountability, participation and equality in public management. In the years 2000, the emergence of new media technologies triggered by the advances in information and communication technologies laid the foundation for the emergence of e-Government. e-Government is also a multi-faceted structure. This study focuses on new media technologies, governance approach and e-Government. In this study, it is used a descriptive analysis method. It is presented that e-Government is compatible with the principles of governance as a citizen-centered management approach and has an important role in the implementation of governance.

Kamu hizmetinin sunulmasında en önemli finansman kaynağı vergilerdir.
Toplanan vergilerin, kamu hizmetlerinin finansmanı için yeterli olmaması
durumunda, vergi oranlarının arttırılması veya ek vergiler getirilmesi yolu
seçilmekte, bu da toplum nezdinde tepkilere yol açabilmektedir. Vergi
mükelleflerinin, idarenin ortaya koyduğu vergi politikalarına, taşıdıkları
seçmen sıfatıyla tepki gösterip göstermedikleri araştırmanın konusunu
oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri, nitel veri toplama yönteminden
yararlanılarak 7194 sayılı Kanun ile yürürlüğe giren ve 2022 yılında
uygulanacak olan konaklama vergisinin, Antalya ilinde bulunan
mükelleflerden bazıları ile yapılan yüz yüze derinlemesine mülakatlar
vasıtasıyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, mükelleflerin vergi
politikasını yürüten idareye yönelik tepkilerin nasıl gerçekleştiğinin
belirlenmesine yardımcı olmuştur

Taxes are the most important source of financing in the provision of public services. If the collected taxes are not sufficient for the financing of public services, the way of increasing the tax rates or introducing additional taxes is also chosen. The introduction of additional taxes or the increase of tax rates may cause reactions at the public. The subject of the research is whether the taxpayers show reactions to the tax policies of the administration as voters. The data of the study has been obtained through face-to-face in-depth interviews, as a tool of qualitative data collection, with some of the taxpayers of the Accommodation Tax, which has come into force with Law No. 7194 and will be implemented in 2022. The results obtained helped to determine how the taxpayers' reactions to the administration that carries out the tax policy took place.

This study aims to answer the question "Are voting behaviours of postgraduate students, a voter group who are politically educated and well-informed about voting behaviours, affected by socio-psychological factors?." In particular, if so, it also aims to reveal which socio-psychological factors affect their voting behaviours. The Q-methodology is utilised in this study. The main reason for this methodological preference is that the Q-methodology is a good tool for systematically identifying and examining a particular group's subjective views that are held around the factors shaping and affecting their voting behaviours by providing factor loadings. Factor loadings, or the cluster of participants, allow us better to illustrate each participant's association with each of the identified socio-psychological or otherwise factors, similar or different orders of ranking by the participants, to detect individual differences, and, therefore, to indicate (1) whether the socio-psychological factors affect the voting behaviours of the participants, and (2) if so, which socio-psychological factor(s) affects most. This also helps us to conclude that the participants who are mostly associated with one or more factors have similar voting behaviours corresponding to or in opposition to the assumptions of the socio-psychological approach. The participants of the research are 57 postgraduate students studying Political Science and Public Administration at Akdeniz University. The results of the research indicate that most of the participants cluster around two separate factors: while the participants gathered under Factor 1 take their political decisions more rationally and are ready to vote for alternative candidates and political parties in different elections, those who load under Factor 2 are affected by some socio-psychological factors: loyalty to her family's (the family factor) and inner circles' political preferences (the inner circle factor), and a long-term commitment and an emotional attachment to a political party and/or the candidate (the time factor). The voting behaviours of the participants gathered under no factors are, however, affected by relatively mixed factors. In addition, it is also revealed that the titles that most differentiate the preferences of the participants cluster around both Factors 1 and 2 are family, education, and rationality.

Abstract
With the effect of globalization, the traditional diplomacy has transformed, and an understanding of public diplomacy based on civil society, public opinion and soft power has emerged. Since the 2000s, Turkey has reshaped its foreign policy and brought the concept of soft power to the fore. In this framework, Turkey has begun to give more importance to public diplomacy activities. This study aims to evaluate the public diplomacy activities of TIKA, one of Turkey's most important public diplomacy institutions, on the example of Afghanistan. For this purpose, it has been tried to reveal the effect of public diplomacy practices on the relations between Turkey and Afghanistan by investigating the impact of TIKA activities on the Afghan people. In this context, interviews were held with academics in Afghanistan regarding the activities of TIKA. The effect of public diplomacy activities implemented by Turkey through TIKA in Afghanistan was evaluated on the basis of the obtained data. The impact of the public diplomacy activities implemented by Turkey in Afghanistan through TIKA was evaluated over the data obtained as a result of the interviews. As a result of the evaluation, it was concluded that the activities of TIKA, a public diplomacy institution, strengthened the positive perception of the Afghan people.
Keywords: Public Diplomacy, Soft Power, TIKA, Afghanistan, Political Communication.

Ozet Siyasal pazarlama anlayisinin hem secmenler hem de secmenlerin oylarina talip olan adaylar ve/veya siyasi partiler icin onemli oldugu bilinmektedir. Secmenle kurulacak iletisim sirasinda gerek adayin ozellikleri gerekse de aday belirleme sureci secmenlerin oy verme davranislarinda etkilidir. Bu arastirma ile aday ozelliklerinin ve aday belirleme surecinin secmenlerin oy verme davranislarina olan etkisinin ortaya cikarilmasi amaclanmistir. Bu dogrultuda arastirmada kullanilan veriler Antalya il merkezinde Kepez, Konyaalti ve Muratpasa ilcelerinde yuz yuze anket yontemiyle toplanmistir. Elde edilen anketlerden 1066 tane kullanilabilir veriye ulasilmistir. Bu verilerden ulasilan bulgularda, aday ozeliklerinin alt boyutlarina ulasilmak istenmis ve uygulanan aciklayici faktor analizi sonucunda aday ozelliklerinin , Demografik Ozellikler, Durustluk ve Egitim, Ideoloji ve Tutarlilik, Davranissal Ozellikler olarak isimlendirilen alt boyutlari elde edilmistir. Aday ozelliklerinin alt bo...

Özet
Siyasal pazarlama anlayışının hem seçmenler hem de seçmenlerin oylarına talip olan adaylar ve/veya siyasi partiler için önemli olduğu bilinmektedir. Seçmenle kurulacak iletişim sırasında gerek adayın özellikleri gerekse de aday belirleme süreci seçmenlerin oy verme davranışlarında etkilidir. Bu araştırma ile aday özelliklerinin ve aday belirleme sürecinin seçmenlerin oy verme davranışlarına olan etkisinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda araştırmada kullanılan veriler Antalya il merkezinde Kepez, Konyaaltı ve Muratpaşa ilçelerinde yüz yüze anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Elde edilen anketlerden 1066 tane kullanılabilir veriye ulaşılmıştır. Bu verilerden ulaşılan bulgularda, aday özeliklerinin alt boyutlarına ulaşılmak istenmiş ve uygulanan açıklayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda aday özelliklerinin, Demografik Özellikler, Dürüstlük ve Eğitim, İdeoloji ve Tutarlılık, Davranışsal Özellikler olarak isimlendirilen alt boyutları elde edilmiştir. Aday özelliklerinin alt boyutlarının ve aday belirleme süreciyle ilgili ifadelerin katılımcıların cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim durumu ve gelir düzeylerinden etkilenip etkilenmedikleri ya da bu demografik değişkenlerde anlamlı farklılıkların olup olmadığı ortaya koyulması için One Way Anova testi uygulanmıştır. İlgili testler neticesinde söz konusu etkiler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca söz konusu bulguların teori ve uygulama açısından kısıtları belirtilip bundan sonra gelecek araştırmacılara önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Anahtar kelimeler: Siyasal Pazarlama, Aday Belirleme Süreci, Aday, Seçmen Davranışları
Abstract
The understanding of political marketing is considered to bear importance both for the electorate and for the candidates and/or political parties seeking for the voting of the electorate. The characteristics of the candidates and the nomination process during the communication with the electorate are collectively decisive at their voting behaviors. This study aims at uncovering the impact of the candidates’ features and nomination process onto the voting behaviors of the electorate. Accordingly, the data evaluated in this study has been gathered with the method of face-to-face survey in the districts Kepez, Konyaaltı and Muratpaşa of Antalya. Out of these surveys 1066 utilizable data has been obtained. It is sought to reach to the sub-dimensions of candidates’ features based on the findings of this data. Thus, such the sub-dimensions of the candidates’ features titled as Demographic Characteristics, Honesty and Education, Ideology and Consistency, Behavioral Characteristics have been attained as a result of explanatory factor analysis. One Way Anova test has been implemented in order to reveal whether the sub-dimensions of candidates’ features and the expressions related with nomination process are affected from such factors as gender, age, education and income and whether there is any significant discrepancy in these demographic variables. The impacts have been presented as the result of the related tests. Moreover, some suggestions have been made for further research by stressing the limits of these findings in theoretical and practical terms.
Key Words: Political Marketing, Nomination Process, Candidate, Voters’ Behaviors

ÖZ Bu araştırmanın amacı genç seçmenlerin siyasete olan ilgileri ve siyasal katılımları açısından gruplara ayrılıp ayrılmadıklarını tespit etmektir. Ayrıca yine genç seçmenlerin demografik özellikleri bakımından tesit edilen kümeler çerçevesinde farklılıklarının olup olmadığına da bakılacaktır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda Isparta Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi merkez yerleşkesinde eğitimine devam eden ve basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 401 öğrenci araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırma amacı çerçevesinde seçmen bölümlerine ulaşabilmek ve bu bölümler hakkında detaylı bilgileri ortaya çıkarabilmek için Kümeleme Analizi ve Varyans Analizi uygulanmıştır. Bu analizler sonrasında Güvensizler ve Kararsızlar olarak isimlendirilen iki seçmen kümesi tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca tespit edilen bu gruplarda demografik özelliklerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklara da ulaşılmıştır. ABSTRACT The main purpose of this research is to determine whether young voters are clustered in terms of their interest and political participation in politics. In addition, it will be examined in terms of the demographic characteristics of young voters to determine whether there are any differences in coming into clusters. For these purposes, a survey prepared for students continuing their education in the central campus of Süleyman Demirel University was applied and 401 usable surveys were included in the research. Simple random sampling method was used in the study. Within the framework of the research purpose, (Cluster Analysis) and Variance Analysis (One-Way ANOVA) were applied in order to reach the electoral sections and reveal detailed information about these sections. After these analyses, two voter clusters named as Insecure and Unstable were identified. Besides, statistically meaningful differences in demographic characteristics were obtained in these clusters.

Bu kitap ve kitabın özgün özellikleri tamamen Nüve Kültür Merkezi'ne aittir. Hiçbir şekilde taklit edilemez. Yayınevinin izni olmadan kısmen ya da tamamen kopyalanamaz, çoğaltılamaz. Nüve Kültür Merkezi hukukî sorumluluk ve takibat hakkını saklı tutar.