Khaled Ahmed

The research seeks to prove the value of caricature as an art that can be employed in programs teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, and perhaps the art of caricature is one of the arts that have a role in supporting culture and language development, but through a sense of humor, and it has become necessary to employ this art in teaching. Languages, especially the second language, whose learners need new strategies to push them to learn the language, and give them the pleasure of learning through these strategies. The research included an introduction and three sections, where the first chapter discussed through five topics the importance of caricature, where the first section discussed the concept of caricature art and its origin, types and methods of teaching caricature to nonnative speakers and the second topic Presentation of methods of creating digital caricature content, location Make believe in the elements of this art and the concept of the term caricature and the presentation of the procedural steps for teaching caricature to learners of Arabic speakers of non-native speakers, and the third section The researcher presents training models of caricature in programs teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, results and recommendations

موضوع  هذه  الورقة البحثية  يدور  حول  إعداد معلمى  اللغة  العربية للناطقين بغيرها من  خلال  رفع كفاءة  المعلم  التفنية والتكنولجية وما  الكفايات التقنية التى  يستلزم تدريب المعلمين عليها ، من هنا وجب على القائمين على تعليم اللغة العربية وتعلمها في العالم العربي والإسلامي اللحاق بركب التقدم والتطور في ميدان تعلم اللغات وتعليمها ، حيث شهد قفزات هائلة وواسعة في هذا السبيل بدأت بتفعيل مختبر اللغات ، ثم التعلم الذاتي أو المبرمج ، فالبرامج السمعية والبصرية المتكاملة شهدت  تطورا  كبيرا  خصوصا خلال  جائحة كورونا التى  استطاع القطاع  التعليمي  أن يستفيد من  الإمكانات التعليمية التكنولجية لسد  فجوة غياب الطلاب عن الصفوف  الدراسية .

يعد هذا  الدليل  هو  وسيلة تيسر لمعلمي ومتعلمي اللغة  العربية  استخدام  الألعاب  الرقمية  فى عملية  تعليم  اللغة  العربية  للناطقين بها أو  الناطقين  بغيرها  حيث  ينقسم  الدليل  إلى  عشر مستوبات  متنوعة  لتشمل  جميع  المراحل  العمرية  واللغوية  بالإضافة  إلى  قسم  خاص  بالقواعد  العربية

A simple, four-parameter formula is proposed and used to smooth noisy transistors  curves for the purpose of stable extraction of transistor field-effect mobility and threshold voltage.  The proposed smoothing shape function is found to work for  data obtained for short and long transistors, low and high drain voltage, and for TFTs, ET-SOI, and Trigate MOSFETs

It is argued that low-income public housing in Cairo has witnessed shortcomings in responding to its inhabitants’ needs. The expert-based, top-down approach in housing processes, widely adopted in most developing countries, including Egypt, is argued to be the main reason for these shortcomings. On the other hand, the limited experimental institutionalized participatory experiences in Cairo, mainly in the form of self-help schemes, were also incapable of meeting many of their goals. As an alternative participatory approach, the research discussed the experiences and approaches of ‘user-controlled housing’ processes in which it was envisaged that people would build dwellings of types and qualities corresponding to their own social codes and cultural behaviour. A theoretical model for the main concepts of this proposed approach was developed. To test this model, field investigations about the practices and attitudes of the low-income residents in Cairo relevant to the user-controlled housing processes were conducted and thus a new amended theoretical model has been initiated and recommended in terms of proposed low-income housing policies in Cairo.

Glutaric aciduria type 1 is a rare neurometabolic disease with high morbidity. To describe the MR imaging abnormalities in glutaric aciduria type 1 and to identify any association between the clinical and imaging features. MRI scans of 29 children (mean age: 16.9 months) with confirmed diagnosis of glutaric aciduria type 1 were retrospectively reviewed. Gray matter and white matter scores were calculated based on a previously published pattern-recognition approach of assessing leukoencephalopathies. Hippocampal formation and opercular topography were assessed in relation to the known embryological basis. MRI scores were correlated with morbidity score. The most consistent MRI abnormality was widened operculum with dilatation of the subarachnoid spaces surrounding underdeveloped frontotemporal lobes. Incomplete hippocampal inversion was also seen. The globus pallidus was the most frequently involved gray matter structure (86%). In addition to the central tegmental tract, white matter abnormalities preferentially involved the central and periventricular regions. The morbidity score correlated with the gray matter abnormality score (P = 0.004). Patients with dystonia had higher gray matter and morbidity scores. Morbidity is significantly correlated with abnormality of gray matter, rather than white matter, whether secondary to acute encephalopathic crisis or insidious onset disease.

Abstract As a result of the criticism of the conventional, mainly Western-inspired, prototypical designs for low-income public housing in Cairo, Egypt, a new trend in design for this sort of housing represented by the 'Youth'and the 'Future'housing projects has been adopted by the Egyptian government in the recent 15 years. If the main objective of any housing project is to meet the residents' needs and preferences, so the question is: Has the current design of the national housing project achieved this goal? and to what extent does this project differ ...

في البداية أشعر بالمسئولية الكبيرة إزاء اختيارى هذا الموضوع " توظيف أدب الطفل في برامج تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها " ذلك لأنه يحمل العديد من المضامين الجديدة في مجال تعليم اللغة العربية ولا يوجد لدى ذرة من الشك إنه سيقدم للطالب الغير ناطق بالعربية الكثير، حيث إن أدب الطفل مجال متخم بالموضوعات التى تتناسب مع متعلم اللغة العربية وقد نقبت في أدبيات الطفل لأستجمع العديد من الموضوعات التى نستطيع توظيفها في برامج اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها وهنا تأتى صعوبة الموضوع في الاختيار والتدقيق في اللغة .
- ولعلى أطرح نظرية تفرض نفسها دائماً على الباحثين وهى " تنمية الأدب وتطويره ليصبح بوابة لتعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها وتفحصت في أدب الطفل لإيمانى بأن لغة هذا الأدب هى اللغة الأنسب في برامج تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها لما تحويه من سهولة وبساطة وتشويق فهى تعد عامل جذب لمتعلم اللغة العربية الغير ناطق بها لذلك فالاختيار الذى وقع على توظيف أدب الطفل في برامج تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها لم يكن وليد الصدفة أو محض الحظ ولكن جاء بعناية بالغة.
- اعتمد د.خالد أحمد في هذا البحث على توظيف آداب الطفل لتمثيل مهارات تعلم اللغة (الاستماع – التحدث – القراءة – الكتابة ) مستمداً من هذا الأدب آداة فعالة لجذب المتعلم وتطعيم البرنامج بما يناسبه من موضوعات أدب الطفل.
- وقد تحمست أن أمضى قدماً في هذا الاتجاه على الرغم من صعوبته وقله مصادره أننى قبلت التحدى وأن أحمل على ما عاتقى لواء نشر اللغة العربية في ميدان تصارع فيه كل اللغات لتقديم نفسها بحمله
تجذب متعمليها ، لذلك وجب علينا نحن- متخصصين – في آداب الطفل أن نصبغ حُله اللغة العربية بلون هذا الأدب الذى لم يظهر بالشكل المطلوب بين الأجناس الأدب العربى وها قد جاءت الفرصة لتعرض أدب الطفل من قصة– شعر -أنشودة – ومسلسل – وبرنامج – وفيلم كارتونى في برنامج المتعلمى اللغة العربية الناطقين بغيرها حتى يتعرف المتعلم على هذا الأدب الذى يسهل اللغة المراد تعلمها فسوف نتخذه مدخلاً لتعلم العربية .

The aim of this study was to detail and assess the capability of a novel methodology to 3D-quantify tooth wear progression in a patient over a period of 12 months. A calibrated stainless steel model was used to identify the accuracy of the scanning system by assessing the accuracy and precision of the contact scanner and the dimensional accuracy and stability of casts fabricated from three different types of impression materials. Thereafter, the overall accuracy of the 3D scanning system (scanner and casts) was ascertained. Clinically, polyether impressions were made of the patient's dentition at the initial examination and at the 12-month review, then poured in type IV dental stone to assess the tooth wear. The anterior teeth on the resultant casts were scanned, and images were analyzed using 3D matching software to detect dimensional variations between the patient's impressions. The accuracy of the 3D scanning system was established to be 33 μm. 3D clinical analysis demons...

ABSTRACT Introduction: The percentage of adults presenting with severe tooth wear increases from 3% at the age of twenty to 17% at the age of seventy. Tooth wear has a measurable impact on patient satisfaction that affects patient appearance, pain levels, oral comfort, general performance, chewing and eating capacity. Currently, no tooth wear index is available that can be universally and objectively utilised for clinical staging and monitoring of tooth wear. Objective: To establish a novel testing method to calibrate and validate the accuracy and precision of contact and non-contact 3D-scanners for use in quantification of patients’ tooth wear. Methods and Materials: A stainless steel model (SSM) was fabricated consisting of seven 10 mm diameter ball-bearings embedded in a horseshoe shaped base. The coordinates of the SSM were measured using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), (Mitutoyo Crysta Apex-C CMM 544/ Mitutoyo, Japan). Two scanners were tested: a contact stylus profilometer scanner (incise/ Renishaw, UK) and a non-contact class II laser arm-scanner (FARO V3/ FARO, USA). To identify the accuracy and precision/repeatability of scanners, the SSM was scanned 3 times and Stereolithography (STL) images were generated. Surface-matching software (Verisurf/ Verisurf, USA) was used to compare the STL images, generated from both scanners, against CMM measurements of the SSM. Results: Mean measurements’ difference between the incise and CMM was 2.8μm (StDev: 0.8μm), while the FARO arm-scanner demonstrated a mean difference of 82μm (StDev: 7.5μm). Conclusion: The novel testing method can be reliably used to independently verify the accuracy and precision of contact and non-contact scanners. In this study, the 3D contact scanner demonstrated a higher accuracy and precision compared to the non-contact scanner. However, the incise scanning time was twice that of the FARO.

The use of composite restorations for patients with tooth wear is considered as a more conservative treatment option. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature investigating the survival rates of anterior composite restorations when used in managing tooth wear in patients. PubMed and MEDLINE (Ovid) databases were screened for studies from 1995 to 2015. Cross-referencing was used to further identify articles. Article selection and data extraction were performed in duplication. Languages were restricted to English. A quality appraisal of included studies was carried out using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy system. Six hundred and sixty-six articles were initially identified from which eight articles were full-text reviewed. Six articles involving five studies were selected for inclusion. Three studies were prospective and two retrospective. Included studies involved placement of 772 direct and indirect anterior composite restorations in 100 patients wi...

Aim: The primary aim of this study was to develop,calibrate and assess a novel methodology that employs 3D scanning technology in quantifying the progression of tooth wear and then assess the applicability and validity of this methodology in-vivo over a period of 12 months. Methods and materials: A Stainless Steel Model (SSM) was fabricated consisting of seven stainless-steel ball-bearings. Dimensions of the SSM were ascertained using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). The CMM calibrated SSM was used to identify the accuracy and precision of a contact stylus profilometer scanner and a non-contact class-II laser arm-scanner. The next stage involved using the SSM to identify the initial dimensional accuracy of Type IV dental stone casts poured from impressions of the SSM, using 3 types of impression materials: alginates (Alg), polyethers (PE) and polyvinylsiloxanes (PVS), and the dimensional stability of dental stone over a period of one-month. Thereafter, the overall 3D scanning s...

The past decade has seen an exponential development of research interest in tooth wear. The importance of tooth wear is derived not only from its detrimental dental effects, but also from its association with various underlying, and in many cases undiagnosed, medical or psychological conditions. Gastroesophageal reflux disorder, depression, drugs and alcohol dependency are some of many conditions that have been linked with tooth wear. With dental effects ranging from dentine hypersensitivity to restoration failures and tooth fractures, tooth wear can have a severe impact on patients' quality of life. It is only when we manage the underlying cause that we will be able to successfully manage tooth wear.

A Novel Tooth Wear Index based-on in-vivo 3D Scanning Analysis Objective: to develop a tooth wear index capable of objectively classifying and quantifying the progression of tooth wear using accurate 3D scanning data of tooth wear in patients. Materials and methods: a 3D tooth wear scanning protocol, aimed at in-vivo monitoring of tooth wear progression, was developed and assessed using a calibrated reference model. The methodology involved taking polyether impressions of the dentition, pouring impressions in Type IV stone and scanning the resultant casts using a 3D contact-scanner. Thereafter, eleven tooth wear patients were recruited (n=130 teeth) with participants’ dentitions scanned initially and after twelve months. The resultant 3D scan data, demonstrating depth, surface area and distribution of tooth wear, were analysed and employed to formulate a novel 3D tooth wear index. Results: all study-participants demonstrated ≥140µm of tooth wear over a period of twelve months. All p...

Introduction: The percentage of adults presenting with severe tooth wear increases from 3% at the age of twenty to 17% at the age of seventy. Tooth wear has a measurable impact on patient satisfaction that affects patient appearance, pain levels, oral comfort, general performance, chewing and eating capacity. Currently, no tooth wear index is available that can be universally and objectively utilised for clinical staging and monitoring of tooth wear. Objective: To establish a novel testing method to calibrate and validate the accuracy and precision of contact and non-contact 3D-scanners for use in quantification of patients’ tooth wear. Methods and Materials: A stainless steel model (SSM) was fabricated consisting of seven 10 mm diameter ball-bearings embedded in a horseshoe shaped base. The coordinates of the SSM were measured using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), (Mitutoyo Crysta Apex-C CMM 544/ Mitutoyo, Japan). Two scanners were tested: a contact stylus profilometer scanne...

ABSTRACT Over the last decade Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS) has emerged particularly in the area of minimally invasive Uni-compartmental Knee Replacement (UKR) surgery. Image registration is an important aspect in all computer assisted surgery including Neurosurgery, Cranio-maxillofacial surgery and Orthopaedics. It is possible for example to visualise the patient's medial or lateral condyle on the tibia in the pre-operated CT scan as well as to locate the same points on the actual patient during surgery using intra-operative sensors or probes. However their spatial correspondence remains unknown until image registration is achieved. Image registration process generates this relationship and allows the surgeon to visualise the 3D pre-operative scan data in-relation to the patient's anatomy in the operating theatre. Current image registration for most CAOS applications is achieved through probing along the articulating surface of the femur and tibial plateau and using these digitised points to form a rigid body which is then fitted to the pre-operative scan data using a best fit type minimisation. However, the probe approach is time consuming which often takes 10–15 minutes to complete and therefore costly. Thus the rationale for this study was to develop a new, cost effective, contactless, automated registration method which would entail much lesser time to produce the rigid body model in theatre from the ends of the exposed bones. This can be achieved by taking 3D scans intra-operatively using a Laser Displacement Sensor. A number of techniques using hand held and automated 3D Laser scanners for acquiring geometry of non-reflective objects have been developed and used to scan the surface geometry of a porcine femur with four holes drilled in it. The distances between the holes and the geometry of the bone were measured using digital vernier callipers as well as measurements acquired from the 3D scans. These distances were measured in an open source package MESHLAB version 1.3.2 used for the interpretation, post-processing and analysis of the 3D meshes. Absolute errors ranging from of 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm and the absolute percentage errors ranging from 0.48% to 0.75% were found. Additionally, a pre-calibrated dental model was scanned using a 650 nm FARO™ Laser arm using the global surface registration approach in Geomagic Qualify package and our 3D Laser scanner. Results indicate an average measurement error of 0.16 mm, with deviations ranging from 0.12mm to −0.13 mm and a standard deviation of 0.2 mm. We demonstrated that by acquiring multiple scans of the targets, complete 3D models along with their surface texture can be developed. The overall scanning process, including time required for the post-processing of the data requires less than 20 minutes and is a cost-efficient approach. Moreover, the majority of that time was used in post processing the acquired data which could be potentially reduced through the use of bespoke application software. This project has provided proof of concept for a new automated, non-invasive and cost efficient registration technique with the potential of providing a quantitative assessment of the articular cartilage integrity during lower limb arthroplasty.

To provide a descriptive investigation of general dental practitioners' (GDPs) referrals to Glasgow Dental Hospital and School for management of tooth wear. One hundred and twenty-four patient-referrals were reviewed over a 12 month period. A questionnaire was also completed by patients and three reviewing consultants to identify patient demographics, patient perception, consultant's diagnosis and referral outcome. Overall survey return-rate was 67% of 124 included referrals. Males represented 72% of referrals compared to 28% for females (p = 0.001). A significant percentage of patients inhabited the most-deprived areas (59%, p = 0.002). Sixty-one percent of patients were aware of their tooth wear within the past five years. Aesthetics was the primary concern for 54% of patients (p = 0.001). Attrition was the main aetiology of tooth wear in 51% of referrals (p = 0.001). Ninety-two percent of patients (n = 76/83) did not require specialist treatment and were consequently returned to their GDP, referred for hypnotherapy or reviewed later. There was a significant association between social deprivation and tooth wear in GDP referrals to a secondary care dental facility. Males aware of their tooth wear for the preceding five years, presenting with appearance as their main complaint and displaying evidence of attrition were more likely to be referred by GDPs for specialist management or advice.

ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel high performance ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter that satisfies FCC UWB specifications. The filter is based on a composite right/left handed (CRLH) structure consisting of an asymmetric unit-cell with a short circuited inductive stub that exhibits stopband rejection level greater than 25 dB at both the lower and upper band edges while maintaining an insertion-loss of less than 0.5 dB across its passband. In addition, a simple and effective technique is proposed to create and control sharp rejection notch-bands within the filter's passband in order to provide interference immunity from undesired radio signals, such as wireless local area networks (WLAN) that co-exist within the UWB spectrum. The proposed technique was verified practically to validate the design methodology. The experimental results of the prototype circuit are presented and compared with the simulation results. The dimensions of the proposed filter are $0.37lambdatimes 0.10lambda$ (i.e., $16.4times 4.8 {rm mm}^{2}$). The filter's characteristics and compact size make it suitable for UWB systems.

... Page 4. AMANULLAH JAN & MAIMOONA NOOR 40 properties in a long term experiment. ... Fert. Soil. 25(1), 63-68. Nawaz, S., Hussain R., Aslam M., Chaudhry GA, Ahmad, Z. & Akhtar, J. 1999. Integrated use of organic and chemical fertilizers on wheat under rainfed conditions. ...

قصة حميد وكرة  القدم  كتيب  يحتوى  على  مجموعة  مفردات  لغوية  فى حقل  كرة  القدم    لتعليم  اللغة  العربية  للأطفال  الناطقين  بغير  العربية  وتدور  القصة  حول  حميد الطفل  القطري  الذى  يستضيف  صديقه  فى  قطر  فى  فترة  استضافة  قطر  لكأس  العالم 2022