Genotypes

We compared PCR to conventional culture for the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in 30,835 rectal samples over a 3-year period. The positive and negative predictive values of vanB PCR were 1.42% and 99.9%, respectively. A positive vanB result by PCR is poorly predictive and necessitates culture for differentiation of VRE-positive and -negative individuals.

Advances in molecular genetics have opened opportunities to enhance strategies for genetic improvement of pigs by directly selecting on genes or chromosomal regions that harbor genes that affect traits of interest. In this paper, we review molecular technologies that have become available, the current state of the use of gene- or marker tests in pig breeding programs, and future prospects.

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is considered as an important profitable fruit in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in the fruits orchard of Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Pahartali, Chattogram and Regional Agriculture Research Station (RARS), Hathazari, Chattogram during 2019-20 to assess the genetic diversity of the in situ guava germplasm. Twenty two guava lines were assessed in this investigation. A total of 21 traits (11 qualitative and 10 quantitative) enabled an assessment of the genetic variability and construction of this guava germplasm. The maximum variation was observed in pulp color and seediness in guava fruits. Plant height ranged from 2.38 to 6.20 m with an average 3.85 m. Based girth ranged from 28.00 to 81.00 cm with an average of 47.79 cm. Fruit weight ranged from 55.0-362.0 g with average 101.92 g and yield per plant ranged from 12.53 to 126.70 kg with average 26.54 kg. The morphological dendrograph generated from agglomeration hierarchical clustering grouped the 22 genotypes into 5 major clusters. Heatmap explaining the overall performance of the genotypes indicated that BARI Peyara 2 and BARI Peyara 4 had higher yield potentiality.

Aim The aim of this study was to obtain pharmacogenetic data in a Vietnamese population on genes coding for proteins involved in the elimination of drugs currently used for the treatment of malaria and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Method The main polymorphisms on the cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, and the multi-drug resistance 1 gene (MDR1) were genotyped in 78 healthy Vietnamese subjects. Pharmacokinetic metrics were available for CYP2A6 (coumarin), CYP2C19 (mephenytoin), CYP2D6 (metoprolol) and CYP3As (midazolam), allowing correlations with the determined genotype. Results In the CYP2 family, we detected alleles CYP2A6*4 (12%) and *5 (15%); CYP2B6*4 (8%), *6 (27%); CYP2C19*2 (31%) and *3 (6%); CYP2D6*4, *5, *10 (1, 8 and 44%, respectively). In the CYP3A family, CYP3A4*1B was detected at a low frequency (2%), whereas CYP3A5 *3 was detected at a frequency of 67%. The MDR1 3435T allele was present with a prevalence of 40%. Allele proportions in our cohort were compared with those reported for other Asian populations. CYP2C19 genotypes were associated to the S-4′-OH-mephenytoin/S-mephenytoin ratio quantified in plasma 4 h after intake of 100 mg mephenytoin. While CYP2D6 genotypes were partially reflected by the α-OH-metroprolol/metoprolol ratio in plasma 4 h after dosing, no correlation existed between midazolam plasma concentrations 4 h post-dose and CYP3A genotypes. Conclusions The Vietnamese subjects of our study cohort presented allele prevalences in drug-metabolising enzymes that were generally comparable with those reported in other Asian populations. Deviations were found for CYP2A6*4 compared to a Chinese population (12 vs. 5%, respectively; P = 0.023), CYP2A6*5 compared with a Korean population (15 vs. <1%, respectively; P < 0.0001), a Malaysian population (1%; P < 0.0001) and a Chinese population (1%; P < 0.0001); CYP2B6*6 compared with a Korean population (27 vs. 12%; P = 0.002) and a Japanese population (16%; P = 0.021). Pharmacokinetic metrics versus genotype analysis reinforces the view that the predictive value of certain globally common variants (e.g. CYP2D6 single nucleotide polymorphisms) should be evaluated in a population-specific manner.

Globalmente foram identificados 6 genótipos (1 ao 6) do vírus da hepatite C (HCV). Estes genótipos são subdivididos em vários subtipos (a, b, c, etc.). A resposta ao tratamento depende do genótipo do vírus infectante. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a freqüência dos diferentes genótipos do HCV na população Argentina. Foram estudados 510 pacientes infectados com o HCV, a genotipagem do vírus foi realizada utilizando o kit Versant HCV genotype assay 2.0 (LiPA). Os resultados obtidos indicam que o genótipo predominante na Argentina é o tipo 1 (67,6%), observando-se uma prevalência dos subtipos 1a e 1b (33,3% e 34,5% respectivamente). Observou-se também uma freqüência semelhante do genótipos 2 e 3 (14,5% e 14,5% respectivamente). Este estudo atualiza os dados das freqüências dos diferentes genótipos do HCV em circulação na Argentina usando a nova versão do kit, o que permitiu uma correta subtipagem das amostras.

In humans, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been shown to be an effective and thorough approach for identifying polymorphisms associated with disease phenotypes. Here, we describe the first study to perform a genome-wide association study in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) using the Illumina Canine SNP20 array, containing 22,362 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The aim of the study was to identify SNPs associated with cAD using affected and unaffected Golden Retrievers. Further validation studies were performed for potentially associated SNPs using Sequenom genotyping of larger numbers of cases and controls across eight breeds (Boxer, German Shepherd Dog, Labrador, Golden Retriever, Shiba Inu, Shih Tzu, Pit Bull, and West Highland White Terriers). Using meta-analysis, two SNPs were associated with cAD in all breeds tested. RS22114085 was identified as a susceptibility locus (p?=?0.00014, odds ratio?=?2) and RS23472497 as a protective locus (p?=?0.0015, odds ratio?=?0.6). Both of these SNPs were located in intergenic regions, and their effects have been demonstrated to be independent of each other, highlighting that further fine mapping and resequencing is required of these areas. Further, 12 SNPs were validated by Sequenom genotyping as associated with cAD, but these were not associated with all breeds. This study suggests that GWAS will be a useful approach for identifying genetic risk factors for cAD. Given the clinical heterogeneity within this condition and the likelihood that the relative genetic effect sizes are small, greater sample sizes and further studies will be required.

Cotton crop is considered to be the backbone of Pakistan economy and efforts are required to rise it's per hectare yield. This field study investigated the effects of sowing date and cotton genotypes on growth, yield and fiber quality of cotton under the agro-ecological conditions at Sakrand, Sindh, during Kharif season, 2014. A randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement was used with four sowing dates [SD l = 15 th April, SD 2 = 1 st May, SD 3 = 15 th May, SD 4 = 1 st June] were randomized in the main plots and two genotypes [V l = Bt. CRIS-508, V 2 = CRIS-342] in subplots during 2014. Results showed that sowing dates and genotypes had significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) on growth, yield and fiber quality traits. Significantly maximum (2939 kg. ha-1 and 2801 kg. ha-1) seed cotton yield was observed for genotypes Bt. CRIS-508 and CRIS-342 when sown on 15 th April while minimum (1853 kg. ha-1 and 1648 kg. ha-1) seed cotton yield for genotypes Bt. CRIS-508 and CRIS-342 when sown on 1 st June. It was concluded that April 15 sowing was the most appropriate sowing date for these genotypes under agro-climatic condition of Sakrand, Sindh, Pakistan.

To cite this paper: Hussain, M., FM Azhar and AA Khan, 2008. Genetic basis of variation in leaf area, petiole length and seed cotton yield in some cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes. Int. J. Agri. Biol., 10: 705–8 ... Genetic Basis of Variation in Leaf Area, Petiole Length and ...

Combining ability for grain yield and its contributing characters was carried out in maize through line × tester analysis of 60 hybrids developed by crossing 15 females and four testers along with parents and checks. The 60 hybrids along with 19 parents and three standard checks were grown in Randomized Completely Block Design with two replications and were evaluated for grain yield and its 12 contributing characters. The experiments were conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V.C. Farm, Mandya, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka state during rabi 2010.The analysis of variance indicated the presence of significant variability among the genotypes for almost all the quantitative traits studied. Combing ability analysis showed the predominant role of non-additive gene action for inheritance of all the characters studied. The lines MAI31, MAI28, and MAI35 were best general combiners exhibiting high gca effects in a desirable direction for three traits each. The tester CM500 was identified as a best combiner for grain yield per plot and some other traits studied. The hybrids MAI45×CM202, MAI33×CM202 and MAI43×CM500 were promising with respect to sca effects for grain yield as they showed high sca for that trait. These best crosses involved high × low and low × low performing parental combinations. Further, the promising single cross hybrids having a parental combination of high × high, high × low gca effects could be used for the improvement of parental lines for desired characters by selecting in advanced generations. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-1-july-2015-ijaar/

An experiment was conducted at Research and Development (Vegetable) Farm, Supreme Seed Company Limited, Mymensingh in 20th March to 14th June, 2013 to evaluate performance of eight snake gourd genotypes. Among snake gourd genotypes four were test hybrid viz. SG1001, SG1002, SG1003 and SG1004 (from the seven inbreed lines) and four were checks (three from local market and one from BADC) viz. SUPREMA, RUNNER, SURMA, ZUM LONG. Wide ranges of variability were found in the studied characters among the genotypes. Maximum total number of fruits was found from SUPREMA (235.3/plot) which was statistically similar to RUNNER (201.3/plot) while minimum from ZUM LONG (24.7/plot) that was used as check. SG1002 genotype provided maximum marketable yield (49.6 kg/plot) and minimum from ZUM LONG (30.7 kg/plot). SUPREMA, SG1002, SG1001 and RUNNER genotypes showed better performance in respect of number of fruits/plant, fruit length, individual fruit weight, yield/plot and some other characters. Flowering period was significantly correlated with yield contributing characters. Number of fruits/plant, total number of fruits/plot and individual fruit weight was significantly positively correlated with yield of snake gourd.