Institute of graduate studies and reseach
Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology
Comparative studies of two semi-artificial diets (S.A.1 & S.A.2) as well as a natural corn diet were studied on the biology and bionomics of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis under laboratory conditions. The insect was... more
Comparative studies of two semi-artificial diets (S.A.1 & S.A.2) as well as a natural corn diet were studied on the biology and bionomics of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis under laboratory conditions. The insect was successfully mass reared for ten successive generations at the conditions of 27± 2◦C, 60-80% R.H. in addition of photoperiod of 6:18 (L: D) for larvae and 12:12 (L: D) for the other stages respectively.
Along ten successive generations, there were no significant differences between the larval periods for both artificial diets. The S.A.1 induced the shortest larval period (22.5 days) compared to the artificial diet S.A.2 (24 days) and the natural diet (25 days). Meanwhile, the rearing larvae on the natural diet revealed means of pre-pupal and pupal periods of 2 and 8 days which decreased to 2 and 6.5 days in both artificial diets (S.A.1 and S.A.2), respectively. However, the pupal weight and length were insignificantly increased in S.A.1 (121.7gm and 1.7 cm) than that in the natural diet (115.5 gm and 1.8 cm) and were in the artificial diet S.A.2 ( 101.2 gm and 1.7 cm), respectively.
Moth longevity (pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods), was affected to a certain extent by the larval diets. The maximal moth longevity was recorded (15 days) for larva reared on the natural diets. On the other hand, the shortest period was observed (10.5 days) for the moth longevity in S.A.1. The artificial diet S.A.2 showed the moth longevity (13 days). The longest oviposition period was recorded (10 days) in the natural diet, while it was only (6.5 days) in the artificial diet S.A.1 compared with (8 days) in the artificial diet S.A.2.
The number of the deposited eggs/female throughout the 10 successive generations was (400) in the natural diet, while the artificial diet S.A.1 revealed the least number (304.4 )versus (358.2) in the artificial diet S.A.2.
On the other hand, the number of hatched eggs/female were (320) in the natural diet, versus (310.9 and 256.5) in the artificial diet S.A.2and S.A.1 consequently. The highest mean of hatchability percent was 86.93% resulted in the artificial diet S.A.2 compared to. 83.92% in the artificial diet S.A.1 and 80 % in the natural diet. It was observed that the shortest total generation period found (41.5) days in the artificial diet S.A.1 while it was (50 and 45.5)days in the natural diet and the artificial diet S.A.2, consequently.
The results declared that the artificial diet S.A.1 is a suitable artificial diet as it is considered mass rearing of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hub.
Along ten successive generations, there were no significant differences between the larval periods for both artificial diets. The S.A.1 induced the shortest larval period (22.5 days) compared to the artificial diet S.A.2 (24 days) and the natural diet (25 days). Meanwhile, the rearing larvae on the natural diet revealed means of pre-pupal and pupal periods of 2 and 8 days which decreased to 2 and 6.5 days in both artificial diets (S.A.1 and S.A.2), respectively. However, the pupal weight and length were insignificantly increased in S.A.1 (121.7gm and 1.7 cm) than that in the natural diet (115.5 gm and 1.8 cm) and were in the artificial diet S.A.2 ( 101.2 gm and 1.7 cm), respectively.
Moth longevity (pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods), was affected to a certain extent by the larval diets. The maximal moth longevity was recorded (15 days) for larva reared on the natural diets. On the other hand, the shortest period was observed (10.5 days) for the moth longevity in S.A.1. The artificial diet S.A.2 showed the moth longevity (13 days). The longest oviposition period was recorded (10 days) in the natural diet, while it was only (6.5 days) in the artificial diet S.A.1 compared with (8 days) in the artificial diet S.A.2.
The number of the deposited eggs/female throughout the 10 successive generations was (400) in the natural diet, while the artificial diet S.A.1 revealed the least number (304.4 )versus (358.2) in the artificial diet S.A.2.
On the other hand, the number of hatched eggs/female were (320) in the natural diet, versus (310.9 and 256.5) in the artificial diet S.A.2and S.A.1 consequently. The highest mean of hatchability percent was 86.93% resulted in the artificial diet S.A.2 compared to. 83.92% in the artificial diet S.A.1 and 80 % in the natural diet. It was observed that the shortest total generation period found (41.5) days in the artificial diet S.A.1 while it was (50 and 45.5)days in the natural diet and the artificial diet S.A.2, consequently.
The results declared that the artificial diet S.A.1 is a suitable artificial diet as it is considered mass rearing of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hub.
The effect of two different semi-artificial diets (S.A.D1 & S.A.D2) as well as a natural corn diet on the biology and bionomics of the pink stem borer Sesamia cretica was studied under lab conditions. The insect was successfully mass... more
The effect of two different semi-artificial diets (S.A.D1 & S.A.D2) as well as a natural corn diet on the biology and bionomics of the pink stem borer Sesamia cretica was studied under lab conditions. The insect was successfully mass reared for ten successive generations at the conditions of 27± 2Ċ, 60-80% R.H. In addition of photoperiod of 0:24 (L: D) for larvae and 12:12 (L: D) for the other stages respectively.
Along ten successive generations, more or less, there were no significant differences between the larval periods for both artificial diets. The S.A.D2 induced the shortest larval period (24 days) compared with natural diet (27.5 days) and S.A.D1 (31.5 days). Meanwhile, rearing larvae on natural diet revealed means of pre-pupal and pupal periods of 2 and 11 days which decreased to 2 and 10 days in the artificial diet (S.A.D1) versus 1 and 8.5 days in (S.A.D2), respectively. However, the pupal weight and length were insignificantly decreased in S.A.D2 (187.5 gm and 2.1 cm) than that in the natural diet (218.6 gm and 2.3 cm), respectively.
Moth longevity (pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods), to a certain extent, was affected by the larval diets. The maximal moth longevity (13 days) was recorded from larva reared on corn plants (4, 8 and 1 days). On the other hand, the shortest period (10.5 days) of moth longevity was observed in S.A.D2 (1, 9 and 0.5 days). S.A.D2 showed 11 days moth longevity (3, 7 and 1 days). The longest oviposition period (9 days) was recorded in the artificial diet S.A.D2, while it was only 7 days in the artificial diet S.A.D1 compared with 8 days in the natural diet.
The number of the deposited eggs increased with the progress of the 10 successive generations (G1:G10) from 150 to 265 and from 384 eggs to 564 eggs / female for the S.A.D1and S.A.D2, respectively. Whereas, the rate of the deposited eggs was gradually increased from 9.7 to 61.14 % in S.A.D2 while, it was decreased in all generations of S.A.D1 compared with those reared on the natural diet throughout the ten generations The highest mean number of deposited eggs throughout the 10 generations was resulted from S.A.D2 (438.2) while S.A.D1 revealed the least number (211.5) versus 350 from the natural diet.
On the other hand, the hatched eggs/female (406.3) in S.A.D2 represents 2.25 and 1.77 folds of those resulted from S.A.D1 (180.20 eggs) and the natural diet (230 eggs), successively. Meanwhile, the highest mean of hatchability percents was
resulted from the artificial diet S.A.D2 (92.69%) compared with. 85.59% in S.A.D1 and 65.71 % in the natural diet. In addition, the significant shortest total generation period was 44 days resulted from the artificial diet S.A.D2 while it was 53.5 and 54 days in corn plants and the artificial diet S.A.D1, consequently.
The results declared that the S.A.D2 could be consider a suitable artificial diet for a feasible mass rearing of the pink corn borer, Sesamia cretica led. The S.A.D2 showed the shortest larval, pupal and life span for generation periods. Moreover, it induced the longest oviposition period and the highest mean number of deposited eggs per female and the highest significant percent of eggs hatchability/fertility.
The utilization of this artificial diet (S.A.D2) will supply the researchers with the high-quality insects in adequate numbers, at specified times and specific stages of development for the bioassay, toxicological and biological studies.
Along ten successive generations, more or less, there were no significant differences between the larval periods for both artificial diets. The S.A.D2 induced the shortest larval period (24 days) compared with natural diet (27.5 days) and S.A.D1 (31.5 days). Meanwhile, rearing larvae on natural diet revealed means of pre-pupal and pupal periods of 2 and 11 days which decreased to 2 and 10 days in the artificial diet (S.A.D1) versus 1 and 8.5 days in (S.A.D2), respectively. However, the pupal weight and length were insignificantly decreased in S.A.D2 (187.5 gm and 2.1 cm) than that in the natural diet (218.6 gm and 2.3 cm), respectively.
Moth longevity (pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods), to a certain extent, was affected by the larval diets. The maximal moth longevity (13 days) was recorded from larva reared on corn plants (4, 8 and 1 days). On the other hand, the shortest period (10.5 days) of moth longevity was observed in S.A.D2 (1, 9 and 0.5 days). S.A.D2 showed 11 days moth longevity (3, 7 and 1 days). The longest oviposition period (9 days) was recorded in the artificial diet S.A.D2, while it was only 7 days in the artificial diet S.A.D1 compared with 8 days in the natural diet.
The number of the deposited eggs increased with the progress of the 10 successive generations (G1:G10) from 150 to 265 and from 384 eggs to 564 eggs / female for the S.A.D1and S.A.D2, respectively. Whereas, the rate of the deposited eggs was gradually increased from 9.7 to 61.14 % in S.A.D2 while, it was decreased in all generations of S.A.D1 compared with those reared on the natural diet throughout the ten generations The highest mean number of deposited eggs throughout the 10 generations was resulted from S.A.D2 (438.2) while S.A.D1 revealed the least number (211.5) versus 350 from the natural diet.
On the other hand, the hatched eggs/female (406.3) in S.A.D2 represents 2.25 and 1.77 folds of those resulted from S.A.D1 (180.20 eggs) and the natural diet (230 eggs), successively. Meanwhile, the highest mean of hatchability percents was
resulted from the artificial diet S.A.D2 (92.69%) compared with. 85.59% in S.A.D1 and 65.71 % in the natural diet. In addition, the significant shortest total generation period was 44 days resulted from the artificial diet S.A.D2 while it was 53.5 and 54 days in corn plants and the artificial diet S.A.D1, consequently.
The results declared that the S.A.D2 could be consider a suitable artificial diet for a feasible mass rearing of the pink corn borer, Sesamia cretica led. The S.A.D2 showed the shortest larval, pupal and life span for generation periods. Moreover, it induced the longest oviposition period and the highest mean number of deposited eggs per female and the highest significant percent of eggs hatchability/fertility.
The utilization of this artificial diet (S.A.D2) will supply the researchers with the high-quality insects in adequate numbers, at specified times and specific stages of development for the bioassay, toxicological and biological studies.
- by Mohamed Ghorab and +2
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A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of certain microbial agents against Meloidogyne incognita infesting tomato plants (cv. super strain B). The treatments were the antagonistic bacteria Bacillus subtilis and... more
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of certain microbial agents against Meloidogyne incognita infesting tomato plants (cv. super strain B). The treatments were the antagonistic bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, the antagonistic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus and mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices and Glomus macrocarpium which were compared with the synthesis nematicides Oxamyl and Cadusafos. The Paecilomyces lilacinus product was the best treatment in suppressing the root-knot populations in the soil with (85.2%), followed by those with B. subtilis and B. thuringiensis with 82.6 and 80.5% reduction, respectively. Also, P. lilacinus increased the shoot length and fresh weight of the root system by 229.0% and 476.46%, respectively. The most effective treatment in reducing root galls and egg masses of the nematode was Oxamyl. Bacillus thuringiensis increased shoot weight and root length and was the most effective treatment. Glomus macrocarpium was the least effective treatment as galls and egg masses. Glomus macrocarpium produced the lowest increase in root length and B. subtilis the lowest increase in root fresh and dry weights.
- by Mohamed Ghorab and +1
- •
- Plant parasitic nematodes
For many years organophosphate pesticides considered the main option for a lot of people in many countries to manage different pests. It's more than 70 years now and OPs still use with certain purposes in gardens, fields and greenhouses... more
For many years organophosphate pesticides considered the main option for a lot of people in many countries to
manage different pests. It's more than 70 years now and OPs still use with certain purposes in gardens, fields and greenhouses as crop protection agents, or even at houses as public health agents. Thus, year after year and with the repeating usage of organophosphate agents many problems were appeared as a result to excessive use of pesticides. The adverse effects of
pesticides usage represented in the effects on human health, environment, pesticides residue in crops and soil & water
contaminated by these pesticides. Therefore, it was necessary to throw a light on the risks that generated by irresponsible usage of organophosphate pesticides.
manage different pests. It's more than 70 years now and OPs still use with certain purposes in gardens, fields and greenhouses as crop protection agents, or even at houses as public health agents. Thus, year after year and with the repeating usage of organophosphate agents many problems were appeared as a result to excessive use of pesticides. The adverse effects of
pesticides usage represented in the effects on human health, environment, pesticides residue in crops and soil & water
contaminated by these pesticides. Therefore, it was necessary to throw a light on the risks that generated by irresponsible usage of organophosphate pesticides.
The use of various veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in animal husbandry raises serious concerns about the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin are... more
The use of various veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in animal husbandry raises serious concerns about the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin are the most frequently used antimicrobial compounds in animal husbandry and generate large eco-toxicological effects; however, they are still difficult to determine in a complex matrix such as swine manure. This study has developed an effective method for detecting five VAs in swine manure using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Diode Array Detector (UHPLC–DAD) coupled with on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE). The results show that the mobile phase of ACN/0.01 M oxalic acid was the optimum at pH 3.0. VAs in a swine manure matrix were extracted using solid extraction buffer solution (T3) with 97.36% recovery. Sensitivity, accuracy, and precision were also evaluated. The validity study showed good linearity (R2 > 0.99). Limit of detection...
For many years organophosphate pesticides considered the main option for a lot of people in many countries to manage different pests. It's more than 70 years now and OPs still use with certain purposes in gardens, fields and greenhouses... more
For many years organophosphate pesticides considered the main option for a lot of people in many countries to manage different pests. It's more than 70 years now and OPs still use with certain purposes in gardens, fields and greenhouses as crop protection agents, or even at houses as public health agents. Thus, year after year and with the repeating usage of organophosphate agents many problems were appeared as a result to excessive use of pesticides. The adverse effects of pesticides usage represented in the effects on human health, environment, pesticides residue in crops and soil & water contaminated by these pesticides. Therefore, it was necessary to throw a light on the risks that generated by irresponsible usage of organophosphate pesticides.
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) belonging to the nanovesicles family that function as signaling molecules between cells. After their first description in the late 1960s, interest in their potential as a research target has... more
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) belonging to the nanovesicles family that function as signaling molecules between cells. After their first description in the late 1960s, interest in their potential as a research target has steadily increased. They are small secreted organelles with a single membrane that are well enriched in lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and glycoconjugates. Exosomes take part in a larger communication network in which cells communicate between one another by DNA shuttling, proteins, RNA, and membrane-bound factors. The machinery of protein quality control occurs through the process termed “exosome biogenesis”. Furthermore, the pathway involved in intercellular movement of vesicles is vital in various aspects of human health and diseases. Due to their inherent properties, exosomes are currently being developed as potential therapeutic agents in a wide range of diseases including infectious and non-infectious diseases. Exosomes and other EVs sourced from...