- Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Faaiz Alhamdani
Almustansiriyah University, Dentistry, Faculty Member
Introduction: In oral surgery practice the student needs to implement wide scope of acquired theoretical knowledge. This knowledge includes theoretical understanding of intertwined biomechanics of teeth and jaw bone structures. In... more
Introduction: In oral surgery practice the student needs to implement wide scope of acquired theoretical knowledge. This knowledge includes theoretical understanding of intertwined biomechanics of teeth and jaw bone structures. In addition, student should have suitable relevant medical knowledge with direct and indirect influence of different medical conditions on oral surgical procedures. Through addressing students concerns and performances within two related previous studies within this research project it might be possible to utilize single patient information sheet for both diagnostic and surgical dental education. Aim of the study: To improve dental students' cognitive skills through unified diagnostic and technical training approach. Materials and Methods: One hundred and nineteen 5th year dental students from College of Dentistry, Almustansiriyah University, agreed to participate in the study. The students were asked to state their preference toward each question in oral...
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Dry socket (alveolar osteitis) is the most commonly encountered complication after tooth extraction in humans, and this has been widely reported. Dry socket lesion, although it is a self-limiting condition, the pain and discomfort that... more
Dry socket (alveolar osteitis) is the most commonly encountered complication after tooth extraction in humans, and this has been widely reported. Dry socket lesion, although it is a self-limiting condition, the pain and discomfort that the patient complains of leads to lost days at work and many visits to the hospital. The exact and confirmed etiopathogenesis for dry sockets has yet to be well understood. This study aimed to determine the frequency, clinical picture, and risk factors for dry sockets. A total of 995 patients were included in this study. There were 593 (59.6%) male patients and 402 (40.4%) female patients. The age of patients ranged from 14 -70 years, with a mean of 33.9 ± 11.32 years, from January 2013 to March 2015. All consecutive patients were referred to the surgery Department in Al-Karama specialized dentistry center in Baghdad for consultation. A total of 995 patients were included in this study. Out of 995, 68 patients developed dry sockets (6.83%). Those pati...
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Objectives: To determine the factors that could influence the use of OPG in dental implant surgery from a dentist’s perspective. Methods: A Google form questionnaire was circulated electronically as a google form to dentists of different... more
Objectives: To determine the factors that could influence the use of OPG in dental implant surgery from a dentist’s perspective. Methods: A Google form questionnaire was circulated electronically as a google form to dentists of different dental specialties and practical backgrounds. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS Ver.25. Statistical significance has been set at P<0.05. Results: Most participating dentists use OPG as a preoperative diagnostic tool in dental implants. Only 13 (15.1%) dentists do not use OPG in dental implant treatment. The Chi-Square Test showed a statistically significant relationship (P=0.042) between the reason for OPG request and dentists' qualifications. The overwhelming majority of PhD and Fellowship degree holder dentists (71.4%) request the OPG to view the relationship between the implant site and the vital anatomical structures. The ChiSquare Test showed a highly significant relationship (P=0.000) between the type of additional radiographi...
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Background. It is generally agreed that radiographic examination is important before dental extraction. It provides information about the roots and the surrounding tissues. In terms of practice, it does not seem to be a universally... more
Background. It is generally agreed that radiographic examination is important before dental extraction. It provides information about the roots and the surrounding tissues. In terms of practice, it does not seem to be a universally implemented protocol regarding the use of dental radiology before dental extraction. Besides, the type of radiographic technique is not specified. Some references prefer periapical dental radiographs. Others prefer orthopantomography), or even cone beam computed tomography Delpachitra et al. (2021) [1]. In terms of the dental practice, it is not clear whether there is a universally adopted protocol regarding the use of dental radiographs before dental extraction. Aim of the study. To assess dental professionals’ perspective toward radiographic examination before conventional dental extraction. Materials and Methods. A Google form questionnaire was circulated to different dental professionals using mainly ResearchGate, in addition to different social media...
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Background: Oral diagnosis and surgery education is the main educational subject in dental schools. Due to its importance and the demand to achieve a proper level of training, dental students might have some concerns related to this... more
Background: Oral diagnosis and surgery education is the main educational subject in dental schools. Due to its importance and the demand to achieve a proper level of training, dental students might have some concerns related to this subject. The study aims to investigate domains related to students' concerns in oral surgery clinics. Materials and Method: An online questionnaire of five domains was circulated to 211 fourth, and fifth-year students. The domains include; the benefit of oral surgery lectures in oral surgery clinic; the importance of oral surgery clinic, what they fear the most during their oral surgery training; difficulty domain, and importance domain. It was distributed to a sample of 211 fourth-, and fifth-year students at the Ibn Sina College of Dentistry, Baghdad, Iraq in January, and February 2022. Results: In the domain of "benefit of oral surgery lectures in the oral surgery clinic" Half of the respondents think theory lectures are useful. About one-third of the students believe it is essential. The most important item in the domain of "most factors students' fear" was the item of nerve injury (42.1%). Incomplete tooth removal was reported in (32.7%), whereas post-extraction bleeding was reported by (19.2%). In the domain "the most difficult" 71% of students stated that it is dealing with uncooperative patients was the most important item. Similarly, in the domain "the most important" the majority of students reported that correct surgical diagnosis (70.1%) is the most important item, followed by master extraction technique (26.2%), and master anesthesia technique (3.7%). Conclusion: This study evaluated the "fear", "difficulty", and "importance" domains of students' concerns during oral surgery training. There is a noticeable shift in students' attention toward clinical reasoning compared to the technical aspects of surgical training. This positive shift reflects the perceived importance of diagnosis for proper clinical practice. This needs to be encouraged by the teaching staff.
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Although dental extraction has been studied extensively for its effect on the level of blood pressure, taking in consideration the use of epinephrine in dental anesthesia together with the stress factor, there are no available data about... more
Although dental extraction has been studied extensively for its effect on the level of blood pressure, taking in consideration the use of epinephrine in dental anesthesia together with the stress factor, there are no available data about the effect of the immediate pre extraction period on the blood pressure level, so the aim of our study is to examine the effect of this period on 100 Iraqi patients within the age group (40- 70). The result of this study reveals that No significant difference in the systolic blood pressure levels in this period, No significant difference in the diastolic blood pressure levels in this period, No significant difference between males and females in the same respect, and 21%, 16% of the patients showed decrease in their systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. The role played by the dentist in stress control can provide a possible explanation for such results.
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Preoperative prophylactic protocol in oral surgery is well established practice; stillit’s not used in Iraqi surgical centers. The aim of this study is to show thatpreoperative protocol is reliable surgical practice.58 patients, selected... more
Preoperative prophylactic protocol in oral surgery is well established practice; stillit’s not used in Iraqi surgical centers. The aim of this study is to show thatpreoperative protocol is reliable surgical practice.58 patients, selected from the attendant of oral surgery clinic in Alkaramaspecialized dentistry center/Baghdad, were subjected to various oral surgicalprocedures 59 operations under local anesthesia. These patient were given single doseantibiotic prophylaxis preoperatively after we divide them into 3 groups, 1st groupwere given 1 gm amoxicillin (control group),second group were given 1 million i.u. ofprocaine penicillin; 3rd group were given 500 mg ampicillin vial,. The maximum timefor all procedures was 2 hours.We concluded that preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis can be used safely in outpatient’s oral surgical procedures, on Iraqi patient with minimum complications.
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Background In medical education, feedback plays an important role in the assessment of the effectiveness of the adopted methods. Objectives This study was conducted to evaluate two learning modalities followed in the achievement of an... more
Background In medical education, feedback plays an important role in the assessment of the effectiveness of the adopted methods. Objectives This study was conducted to evaluate two learning modalities followed in the achievement of an oral histology course. Materials and Methods Eighty-three second-year students in the college of dentistry in Ibn Sina University of medical and pharmaceutical sciences were assessed for their attendance and scores in oral histology followed two different programs, only seven of the total students&#39; number could not poll for their preference through a questionnaire. Results The study showed no significant difference in students&#39; scores of both educational modalities, while there is a highly significant relationship of scores to their attendance. Conclusion Students tend to prefer having both theoretical and practical sessions on the same day. However, students&#39; final course scores seem unrelated to the educational modality. Further studies regarding the use of different educational sources and their influence need to be considered.
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Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine students’ points of view regarding the necessity of dental radiography for examination. Material and Methods: A Google form questionnaire formulated by A. J. and F. A. was... more
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine students’ points of view regarding the necessity of dental radiography for examination. Material and Methods: A Google form questionnaire formulated by A. J. and F. A. was circulated among dental students, through dental students’ channels on Telegram, Instagram, and Facebook for 26 days (from December 10, 2021, to January 4, 2022). The questionnaire contains six questions on what is thought to be relevant to the study’s aim. The questions were based on 16 years of educational experience in clinical training in the oral surgery clinic. Students from Baghdad, Basra, Anbar, and Babylon provinces participated in this study. Contributions were from governmental and private dental schools. The questionnaire constituted six items investigating aspects of radiographic investigations concerning dental extraction, as viewed by dental students. Results: Two hundred and fifty-four students and new graduates answered the questionnaire. ...
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Background: In developing countries, there is an increase in awareness among the population regarding dental implant treatment. However, there is paucity in studies on the relationship between patients&#39; biographic information, and... more
Background: In developing countries, there is an increase in awareness among the population regarding dental implant treatment. However, there is paucity in studies on the relationship between patients&#39; biographic information, and different aspects of dental implant treatment. Aims: This study&#39;s purpose is to determine the influence of Iraqi patients&#39; age and gender on various clinical aspects in dental implant treatment. The recorded data included: patient age, gender, implant zone, implant timing, implant side, dental implant system, sinus lift, bone augmentation, implant length, and implant diameter. SPSS Ver. 25 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Methods and Materials: Biographic data of 196 Iraqi patients who attended a private dental implant center in Baghdad from 7.1.2016 to 30.4.2020 was recorded. During this period 348 dental implant procedures were completed. Results: There was a highly significant negative relationship (p=0.006) between implant length and patient&#39;s age, and a significant positive relationship (p=0.028) between implant size and patient&#39;s age. A statistically significant relationship (p=0.013) was found between the patient&#39;s age and dental implant zone and dental implant timing (p=0.016). A significant difference was found between the two genders in terms of dental implant timing (p=0.017). Conclusion: females are better candidates for dental implant treatment. Older patients seem to benefit more from shorter, and, subsequently, wider dental implants. Also, older patients tend to have lower anterior dental implants.
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There are, however, two problems with the quantitative approach in medical research. The first problem is that we deal with the patients on the basis of our assumptions about their health conditions. We seem to ignore the patient’s... more
There are, however, two problems with the quantitative approach in medical research. The first problem is that we deal with the patients on the basis of our assumptions about their health conditions. We seem to ignore the patient’s assumption about their disease within the frame of the life itself. That is why qualitative research is helpful to discover this aspect of patient’s wellbeing. The aim of qualitative research is to develop a concept that helps to understand a social phenomenon in natural setting rather than in an experimental setting [1]. It seeks to explain and understand rather than quantify or predict.
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Sinus lift is the procedure performed to overcome shortage in alveolar bone height in posterior maxilla. Alveolar bone shortage occurs due to maxillary sinus pneumatization after tooth extraction. This might interfere with primary implant... more
Sinus lift is the procedure performed to overcome shortage in alveolar bone height in posterior maxilla. Alveolar bone shortage occurs due to maxillary sinus pneumatization after tooth extraction. This might interfere with primary implant stability. There are two methods to elevate the sinus membrane for better accommodation of dental implant without jeopardizing the Schniderian Membrane. Direct (lateral) Approach and indirect (crestal approach). Direct approach is preferable when bone height is less than 4 mm, whereas indirect sinus approach is more suitable for cases with ≥ 5 mm bone height. However, excessive sinus pneumatization remains a challenge even for cases with direct sinus approach. Such cases require two step procedures for implant replacement. It seems unlikely to achieve sinus lifting and direct implant placement for cases with extreme alveolar bone height shortage in the same surgical procedure. In this case report indirect sinus lift has been performed utilizing IBS...
Background: Many studies investigated the value of sinus lift with or without different bone substitute materials. However, sinus floor elevation with no graft material except a blood clot under the Schniderian membrane is becoming more... more
Background: Many studies investigated the value of sinus lift with or without different bone substitute materials. However, sinus floor elevation with no graft material except a blood clot under the Schniderian membrane is becoming more popular. This study aims to evaluate both bone quantity and quality around dental implants inserted immediately after indirect graft-less sinus lift. Materials and Methods: Thirteen dental implants were used for the treatment of 8 patients with reduced posterior alveolar height using crystal approached sinus lift with the placement of Gel-Foam as an augmentation material before inserting the dental implant, from May to December 2017, then after 4 months from the surgery, a radiological evaluation was done by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography for assessment of the newly formed bone height and density. Results: preoperative and postoperative radiographic comparison using CBCT scan demonstrated the new bone formation within the compartment created by ...
Introduction: In dental curriculum, assessment of student aims to ensure that they have acquired the necessary knowledge, clinical skills and problem solving abilities. Assessment does not only tests the student&#39;s ability, it also... more
Introduction: In dental curriculum, assessment of student aims to ensure that they have acquired the necessary knowledge, clinical skills and problem solving abilities. Assessment does not only tests the student&#39;s ability, it also indicates the effectiveness and appropriateness of teaching. Aim of the study: To evaluate students&#39; performance in oral surgery clinic from patients&#39; and students&#39; perspectives. Results: The number of included students was 50 students, and 50 patients 37 were males and 13 were females. High success of local anaesthesia as well as (minimum or no pain) level were reported in the majority of the cases. The overall agreement between patients&#39; and students&#39; perception toward the success of local anaesthesia was statistically significant p&lt;0.05 (Pearson test). More than 70% of both patients and students found that the extraction process was easy. Pearson test showed highly significant relationship between students&#39; and patients&#39; evaluation of dental extraction procedure. Mann whitney U showed no significant difference between patients&#39; satisfaction and students&#39; satisfaction toward the success of overall management. Conclusion: High level of patients&#39; satisfaction and the agreement between patients and students evaluation toward the steps of dental extraction procedure in the selected sample group indicates high level of students&#39; performance. Abstract
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Introduction: Despite the wide use of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block anaesthesia in dentistry it has a high percentage of failure (10 to 20%). This failure rate represents a challenging clinical problem in the management of mandibular... more
Introduction: Despite the wide use of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block anaesthesia in dentistry it has a high percentage of failure (10 to 20%). This failure rate represents a challenging clinical problem in the management of mandibular teeth. There have been several explanations for this problem. Some authors believe that incorrect localization of the nerve near the mandibular foramen is the main problem with subsequent improper localization of the needle. Despite the attention paid to the different possible reasons for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block, the patient position and its influence on the operator's position and subsequently on the success of the technique did not get enough attention. Aim of the study: To determine the influence of patient's position on the failure rate of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: Patients attended Oral Surgery Department, College of Dentistry, Almustansiria University in Baghdad for dental extraction were inclu...
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Research Interests: Dentistry, Quality of life, Qualitative Research, Treatment Outcome, Adolescent, and 15 moreMedicine, Education Research, Humans, Child, Female, Male, Dentistry Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Diplopia, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Retrospective Studies, Conservative treatment, and Orbital fractures
It is clear that correct application of antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of infection resulting from the bacterial inoculation in a variety of clinical situations; it cannot prevent all infections any more ... more
It is clear that correct application of antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of infection resulting from the bacterial inoculation in a variety of clinical situations; it cannot prevent all infections any more than it can eliminate all established infections. Optimum antibiotic prophylaxis depends on: rational selection of the drug(s), adequate concentrations of the drug in the tissues that are at risk, and attention to timing of administration. Moreover, the risk of infection in some situations does not outweigh the risks which attend the administration of even the safest antibiotic drug. The aim of this study was to compare between 2 prophylactic protocols in out patients undergoing oral surgical procedures. Thirty patients, selected from the attendants of oral surgery clinic in Al-Karamah Dental Center, were subjected to different oral surgical procedures under local anesthesia. These patients were given sin...
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The aim of the study was to test the stress distribution around a newly suggested design for tissue-level dental implant. Newly designed modified reverse buttress thread dental implant is tested for the stress over the surrounding bone.... more
The aim of the study was to test the stress distribution around a newly suggested design for tissue-level dental implant. Newly designed modified reverse buttress thread dental implant is tested for the stress over the surrounding bone. Nine implant dimensions of this design were examined on two types of materials; commercially pure Titanium (TiG4) and Titanium alloy (TIG5). These nine implant dimensions, which can be used in the full dental arch are: (diameter/length; 3.5/11, 4/11, 4/9, 4.5/11, 4.5/9, 5/11, 5/9, 5/7, and 5.5/7 mm). The suggested implant was designed using Autodesk Inventor 202. ANSYS Workbench 2020 R2 was used for meshing and 3D finite element analysis. Maximum Von Mises stress over the cortical bone is higher in the TiG5 model in all implant dimensions. The highest stress value was reported in the implant 4/9 mm dimension in both models. TiG5 model has the highest stress values over the cancellous bone. The higher level of stress over the surrounding cortical bone...
Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the effect of orbital tissue her-niation, as determined by computed tomography (CT) scan, on diplopia and ocular motility scores in blowout fracture patients. Materials and methods: Patients who... more
Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the effect of orbital tissue her-niation, as determined by computed tomography (CT) scan, on diplopia and ocular motility scores in blowout fracture patients. Materials and methods: Patients who sustained pure orbital blowout fractures in the period 2000–2010, and for whom CT scan reports were available , were included in the study. Three levels of tissue herniation were reported: none, fat only, and fat and muscle. Orthoptic assessment included binocular single vision (BSV) and uniocular fields of fixation (UFOF) scores. Results: One hundred and twenty-three patients were included in the study. Although mean BSV and UFOF scores decreased with increasing amounts of tissue prolapse, there was no significant difference between the BSV, UFOF scores of injuries with no tissue prolapse and those with only fat herniation (P &gt; 0.05). A significant difference was noted between the BSV and UFOF scores of no/fat herniation and injuries with fat and muscle pro-lapse groups. Patients with muscle herniation had a tendency for an unfavourable outcome following surgical intervention. Conclusion: We suggest that orbital fat herniation alone may not be an adequate indication for surgical intervention for correction of diplopia in orbital blowout fractures. Cases with orbital muscle herniation are more likely to have an unfavourable outcome in relation to diplopia.
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Background: The introduction of modified thread designs is one of the research areas of interest in the dental implantology field. Two suggested Buttress and Reverse Buttress thread designs in TiG5 and TiG4 models are tested against a... more
Background: The introduction of modified thread designs is one of the research areas of interest in the dental implantology field. Two suggested Buttress and Reverse Buttress thread designs in TiG5 and TiG4 models are tested against a standard TiG5 Fin Thread design (IBS®). Purpose: The study aims to compare stress distribution around the suggested designs and Fin Thread design. Methods: Three dental implant models: Fin Thread design, and newly suggested Buttress and Reverse Buttress designs of both TiG5 and TiG4 models were tested using FEA for stress distribution using static (70N, 0°) and (400N, 30°) occlusal loads. Results: The main difference between the suggested Buttress design and Fin Thread design lies in the overload (400N, 30°) condition. Maximum Von Mises stress is less in Buttress design than Fin Thread design. On the other hand the level of Von Mises stress over the buccolingual slop of the cancellous bone in Fin Thread design liess within the lowest stress level. The ...
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Introduction: There are many dental implant designs, which have been adopted by hundreds of dental implant companies. These designs are modeled following certain micro and macro design criteria. One of these criteria is the dental implant... more
Introduction: There are many dental implant designs, which have been adopted by hundreds of dental implant companies. These designs are modeled following certain micro and macro design criteria. One of these criteria is the dental implant thread design. The aim of introducing a new dental implant with a modified reverse buttress design has been suggested. The objective of the current study to choose the suitable implant material and dimensions among the tested range of implant designs under study using 3D Finite Element Study. Materials and Methods: A modified Reverse Buttress dental implant in two models (TiG4 and TiG5 models, a range of different implant dimensions (3/13, 3.5/11, 4.11, 4/9, 4.5/9, 4.5/7, 5/9, 5/7, 5.5/9, 5.5/7 mm) were analysed for stress distribution over the surrounding cortical and cancellous bones. A three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis has been carried out in both normal (70 N vertical load) and overload (500 N, 25°) conditions. Results: in all implant dimensions, maximum Von Mises stress was less than average cortical and cancellous bone elastic modulus. Mann Whitney U Test did not show a statistically significant difference between maximum Von Mises stress in both implant models over both cortical and cancellous bones in normal and over-occlusal loads (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: All implant dimensions, showed far fewer stress levels over both cortical and cancellous bones. However, it would be advisable to eliminate the 3/13 mm implant dimension, especially, if the TiG5 model is to be considered, and 5.5/7 mm implant dimension if TiG4 model is to be considered.
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Purpose To understand patient&#39;s experience with blow-out fracture of the orbit and its possible influence on management Design A purposive, non-probabilistic, sample of 21 patients treated in a secondary care hospital were... more
Purpose To understand patient&#39;s experience with blow-out fracture of the orbit and its possible influence on management Design A purposive, non-probabilistic, sample of 21 patients treated in a secondary care hospital were interviewed. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and data analysis continued until saturation. A framework approach was used to help organise the data and the principles of the constant comparison method were adopted to analyse the data. Findings Patients with blow-out fractures of the orbit perceived the diplopia associated with the injury as an eye injury with the potential for loss of vision. They found it difficult to relate such concerns with the clinical information described by surgeons and this, and the injury itself, negatively impacted on their everyday lives.
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A twenty-six years male, presented to the oral surgery clinic, complaining from recurrent sub mandibular swelling in the left side, due to sub mandibular stone in the left Wharton's duct. The size of the stone is relatively large. In... more
A twenty-six years male, presented to the oral surgery clinic, complaining from recurrent sub mandibular swelling in the left side, due to sub mandibular stone in the left Wharton's duct. The size of the stone is relatively large. In this case report, we will discuss the possible cause for such large size of the stone and the technique of surgical removal.
Objective: To investigate diplopia (binocular single vision [BSV] test) and ocular motility (uniocular field of fixation [UFOF] test) characteristics in blow-out fractures of the orbit and their value in fracture management. Material and... more
Objective: To investigate diplopia (binocular single vision [BSV] test) and ocular motility (uniocular field of fixation [UFOF] test) characteristics in blow-out fractures of the orbit and their value in fracture management. Material and methods: Patients with isolated blow-out fractures treated from 2000 to 2010 were included. BSV scores were stratified into three categories: low BSV category (0e60); moderate BSV category (61e80), and high BSV category (81e100). UFOF scores were also divided into three categories: low score (60e240), moderate score (241e270), and high score (271e365) categories. Results: A total of 183 patients (106 surgically and 77 conservatively managed) met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant improvement in BSV postoperatively in surgically managed patients with preoperatively high BSV, whereas there was significant improvement (p < 0.05) for the high BSV category in the conservative group. Preoperative BSV was found to be significantly related (p < 0.05) to post-operative BSV, subjective diplopia outcome, follow-up time, and number of follow-up visits. However, improvement of BSV score in the surgical group was not found to be significantly correlated with subjective outcome in relation to diplopia. Preoperative UFOF score has no influence on subjective outcome in relation to diplopia. Surgical timing, approach, and choice of implant material were not found to be statistically related to final diplopia outcome, follow-up time, or number of follow-up visits. Conclusions: BSV is better correlated with diplopia outcome, follow-up time, and number of follow-up visits than is UFOF. On the basis of this study, surgical intervention would not be recommended for blow-out fracture cases with BSV score >80% for correction of diplopia alone.