- Doctoral in Philological sciences. Research fields: phonetics and phonology, speech acoustics, speech perceptions, th... moreDoctoral in Philological sciences. Research fields: phonetics and phonology, speech acoustics, speech perceptions, the English language, the Russian language, the Evenki/Ewenki language, spontaneous speech, IT in linguistics, English as L2 teaching methods (listening and speaking skills).Scopus id: 57191887844Researcher ID WoS: AAF-7228-2019Orchid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6714-9684edit
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F0 is an important cue present in all vocalic segments, a parameter to differentiate between voiced and voiceless consonants, a relative phonological feature of syllable in tonal languages and a crucial feature of intonation. This paper... more
F0 is an important cue present in all vocalic segments, a parameter to differentiate between voiced and voiceless consonants, a relative phonological feature of syllable in tonal languages and a crucial feature of intonation. This paper aims to investigate pitch variation patterns in Mandarin Chinese depending on the syllable information load (Factor 1) in one type of discourse – advertising with the subdivision into social and commercial ads (Factor 2) considering gender differences (Factor 3). 1249 syllable tokens were selected for acoustic measurements, each syllable occurring twice – in the informative and uninformative utterance parts. The information load was determined perceptually: the syllable was considered informative when agreed by the minimum of 60% of listeners, other syllables were considered uninformative. Depending on lexical tone (T1 – T4 and T0), the measurements included average pitch values, declination/inclination starting and ending points (mean values). These...
The current article focuses upon the results of the interjections analysis, their types and functions in the Orochon language. The data obtained are compared with the data on the interjections forms in the Evenki language obtained in... more
The current article focuses upon the results of the interjections analysis, their types and functions in the Orochon
language. The data obtained are compared with the data on the interjections forms in the Evenki language
obtained in previous studies. The study identified the correlation of Orochon and Evenki interjections
functioning patterns to express various emotions, feelings and will. The Evenki language reveals a wide variety
of wordbuilding models – it has primary and secondary interjections. The Orochon language describes only the
group of primary interjections. The spheres of interjections use are wider in the Evenki language which is
connected with their household activities and culture peculiarities – the Evenki language depicts a group of
reindeer breeding interjections. Orochon and Evenki interjections do not correlate in their sound pattern having
single examples of phonetic correspondence.
language. The data obtained are compared with the data on the interjections forms in the Evenki language
obtained in previous studies. The study identified the correlation of Orochon and Evenki interjections
functioning patterns to express various emotions, feelings and will. The Evenki language reveals a wide variety
of wordbuilding models – it has primary and secondary interjections. The Orochon language describes only the
group of primary interjections. The spheres of interjections use are wider in the Evenki language which is
connected with their household activities and culture peculiarities – the Evenki language depicts a group of
reindeer breeding interjections. Orochon and Evenki interjections do not correlate in their sound pattern having
single examples of phonetic correspondence.
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Audiovisual translation (AVT) from English into other languages is gaining popularity both in the entertainment and professional realms. Besides language difficulties, an interpreter has to face cultural challenges and a lack of... more
Audiovisual translation (AVT) from English into other languages is gaining popularity both in the entertainment and professional realms. Besides language difficulties, an interpreter has to face cultural challenges and a lack of professional knowledge of a particular subject field. This paper examines medical AVT from English to Kazakh. Translation issues in this field have rarely been the focus of linguistic studies, with hardly any studies of the matter with Kazakh as a target language. During the Covid-19 pandemic, it is crucial to be aware of cutting-edge technology and treatment techniques that are available in English. The TEDMED oral report “The Wireless Future of Medicine” made by Eric Topol, a distinguished cardiologist and geneticist, and its voice-over translation provided by the Kazakhstan national bureau of translations were chosen as the material for this pilot study. Continuous sampling was used to select 95 terms and term phrases (T-units) in the source text that wer...
This paper was written in commemoration of an outstanding Russian linguist, the member of Editorial Board of the journal «Theoretical and Applied Linguistics» Alexis A. Burykin who passed away too early. More than 30 times he prepared... more
This paper was written in commemoration of an outstanding Russian linguist, the member of Editorial Board of the journal «Theoretical and Applied Linguistics» Alexis A. Burykin who passed away too early. More than 30 times he prepared peer reviews for the Journal, and 9 times published with the Journal after being peerreviewed. Linguistic issues that he studied were multiple and complex: he created the largest in Russia Electronic Lexicographer Library, went deep into controversial issues of phonetics and phonology, writing systems, poetry and translation, phraseology, word-building and reconstruction. His sharp mind, encyclopedic knowledge, pure talent and restlessness made him rush to face challenges and make discoveries. With his death, we suffered a terrible loss, and we lost not just a colleague but a dear friend who we would always miss.
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Андросова Светлана Викторовна д.филол.н., профессор кафедры иностранных языков Амурский государственный университет 675027, г. Благовещенск, Игнатьевское шоссе 21,
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The current paper aimed at studying the 2 types of frequency of occurrence of phoneme groups and in some phoneme pairs - in the Evenki phonological system and speech. The results of the analysis of speech samples obtained from 4 Evenki... more
The current paper aimed at studying the 2 types of frequency of occurrence of phoneme groups and in some phoneme pairs - in the Evenki phonological system and speech. The results of the analysis of speech samples obtained from 4 Evenki subjects showed that there are objective grounds to consider this language as highly vocalic. These are notably higher frequencies of occurrence of vocalic sounds (vowels + sonorants) compared to obstruents both in the system and speech. Evenki is more vocalic than English and Russian and less vocalic than Yakut as far as system frequency of occurrence. This tendency is even better expressed in speech for Evenki, English and Russian. As far as there are no data on Yakut phoneme objective frequency, this comparison is a matter of further study. For both sonorants and obstruents, system and objective frequency showed similar tendencies: prevailing of stops over fricatives, nasals over approximants, fore-lingual consonants over ones of other loci...
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The present study aimed to explore pause types and their fillers in Russian and Chinese native speech compared to the speech of Chinese bilinguals speaking Russian with a focus on universal and language-specific patterns. An acoustic... more
The present study aimed to explore pause types and their fillers in Russian and Chinese native speech compared to the speech of Chinese bilinguals speaking Russian with a focus on universal and language-specific patterns. An acoustic study of 8 subjects has been performed: 4 Russian males speaking Russian, and 4 Chinese males speaking both Chinese and Russian. Acoustic measurements were performed using PRAAT and included pause count, pause duration, pitch direction, vocalic fillers formant values, and their duration. Descriptive statistics were used to determine count, mean, minimal, and maximal values. The results demonstrate that first, silent and filled pauses were used by all subjects with the preference for the silent pause strategy. For all Chinese subjects, the pause rate was considerably higher in native speech than in non-native Russian speech. Second, the universal pause fillers were [a]-like, [am]-like, and [m]-like ones. Simple fillers like [ɤ], [o] were language-specifi...
The current article focuses upon the results of the conjunctions analysis and the ways of their forming in the Orochon language. The data obtained are compared with the data on the conjunctions’ morphological forms in the Evenki language... more
The current article focuses upon the results of the conjunctions analysis and the ways of their forming in the Orochon language. The data obtained are compared with the data on the conjunctions’ morphological forms in the Evenki language obtained in the previous studies. This study identified 3 kinds of coordinative conjunctions (connective conjunction, disjunctive conjunction, adversative conjunction) and 4 kinds of subordinating ones (gradational conjunction, conditional conjunction, causal conjunction, temporal conjunction). The comparative analysis demonstrated a larger inventory of conjunctions in Evenki compared to Orochon. In both languages, the same syntactic function can be performed by different parts of speech – some Orochon conjunctions have Evenki equivalents presented by adverbs, postpositions, and suffixes. Unlike notional words, functional ones show little phonetic or morphological correspondence of the Evenki and Orochon languages. Genetic affinity is found in grada...
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The current article presents the results of the Orochon noun categories study (number, declension and possessiveness) and their formation patterns. The study showed that as in other Tungusic languages, affix is the main morphological... more
The current article presents the results of the Orochon noun categories study (number, declension and possessiveness) and their formation patterns. The study showed that as in other Tungusic languages, affix is the main morphological indicator of grammatical forms in the Orochon language. The data resulting from the comparison of Orochon and Evenki noun categories reveal the proximity of the grammatical systems of two genetically similar languages. The category of number of the Evenki and Orochon languages demonstrates the correspondence of formation of singular and plural noun forms. No special morphological indicator is used for Orochon and Evenki nouns in singular. The plural noun suffixes are similar. Case suffixes in the accusative, dative, directive and local case of the Evenki and Orochon languages are equivalent. Correlation of suffixes of the possessive nouns of the 1-st and 3-rd person singular and plural is proven. The reflexive suffixes in Evenki and Orochon reveal compl...
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The current article focuses on the results of the analysis of the Orochon language mood category and the ways of its forming. The data obtained are compared with the scientific researches on the mood morphological forms in the Evenki... more
The current article focuses on the results of the analysis of the Orochon language mood category and the ways of its forming. The data obtained are compared with the scientific researches on the mood morphological forms in the Evenki language. The study reveals a larger variety of mood categories of the Evenki grammatical system. The fact mood suffixes of the present-future, past and future tenses in the Orochon language have partial correlation in the Evenki language. The imperative mood in both languages is represented by an equal number of grammatical categories. Therefore, imperative affixes system of the Evenki language is less rich than the one of the Orochon language. Some of the imperative morphemes in the compared languages partially correlate. The sets of subjunctive mood suffixes in the Evenki and Orochon do not correspond.
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Many phonetic phenomena that occur in connected speech are classified as phonetic periphery where anything can happen. A well-known convenient way to fix any phonetic phenomenon using certain symbols is transcription. The current paper... more
Many phonetic phenomena that occur in connected speech are classified as phonetic periphery where anything can happen. A well-known convenient way to fix any phonetic phenomenon using certain symbols is transcription. The current paper aims at showing the model of predicting allophones by coordinating a number of factors that determine the choice of a particular allophone and visualizing the result changing certain letters into corresponding IPA symbols. Free Pascal compiler and Geany editor are used for programming purposes. The model is created for American English. It is tested for tap and glottal burst, the latter being one of the three glottalization patterns. The difference of the combination of factors for purely linguistic analysis and for computer programming is explained. We demonstrate (i) the framework for integrating separate blocks each dealing with one phenomenon (ii) a block for tapping which is almost finalized and a part of a block on glottalization, particularly p...
Research Interests: Phonology, Phonetics, Transcription Regulation, Transcription Factors, Geometric modeling (Computer Science), and 8 moreTranscription, Speech and Phenomena, Computer Simulations and Modeling, Phonetic Transcription, Glottalization, Automatic Transcription, Automatic Music Transcription, and Automatic Speech to Text Transcription
The current article focuses upon the results of the numerals analysis and the ways of their forming in the Orochon language. The obtained data are compared with the existing data from previous studies on the numeral paradigm in the Evenki... more
The current article focuses upon the results of the numerals analysis and the ways of their forming in the Orochon language. The obtained data are compared with the existing data from previous studies on the numeral paradigm in the Evenki language. The study enabled to identify 8 subcategories of numerals in each language with 6 of them being similar. The main patterns to derive numerals are compounding and affixation. Compounding is the most productive pattern for cardinal and approximate numerals and fractions while ordinal numerals, measuring, distributive and limitative numerals, collective numerals to count animals are formed by adding suffixes. Genetic affinity of the Orochon and Evenki languages is expressed by the same or similar numeral stems and suffixes forming various numeral subcategories.
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Intonational contours of interrogative sentences in the Evenki language have rarely been in the focus of researchers' attention either theoretically or practically. In this article, this problem is studied from the standpoint of... more
Intonational contours of interrogative sentences in the Evenki language have rarely been in the focus of researchers' attention either theoretically or practically. In this article, this problem is studied from the standpoint of experimental phonetics. Pitch patterns of the general, and special questions are described. The experimental samples were simple sentences with one emphasis center. The material for the study was collected from 11 speakers of the Eastern dialect group of the Evenki language. The obtained results are the following. A typical intonation contour of the general question in the Evenki language is Rise. In the course of the experiment, it was found that in order to identify interrogation in the Evenki general questions, the rising intonation of the last syllable was essential. Special questions were characterized by the Falling pitch pattern with the nucleus on the verb. Our data differ from the ones previously obtained by N. Ya. Bulatova and L. Grenoble (1999...
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The paper aimed at studying the two types of frequency of occurrence of phoneme groups and in some phoneme paires - in the Evenki phonological system and speech.
Research Interests:
The paper aimed at studying the two types of frequency of occurrence of phoneme groups and in some phoneme paires - in the Evenki phonological system and speech.
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In the language, lexical units perform different functions and are characterized by different informativeness. Some of them can appear both in their usual meaning and as parasite words and thus perform double function. This paper aims at... more
In the language, lexical units perform different functions and are characterized by different informativeness. Some of them can appear both in their usual meaning and as parasite words and thus perform double function. This paper aims at studying those words. We hypothesize that in Chinese spontaneous speech, the same words that appear in their usual meaning and as parasite words have different phonetic manifestation, particularly, the latter are used in weak forms more often. An acoustic study was performed to prove the hypothesis. The material was obtained from 6 young females Putonghua speakers. Five functional words 然后ranhou, 就是jiushi, 那个nage, 这个zhege, 那种nazhong were chosen for this study as far as they were relatively frequent and appeared in the speech of all the 6 subjects. In general, the obtained data proved the hypothesis. In both functions, weak forms were found with very few exceptions, however, the number of weak forms increased several times when functioning as parasit...
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The present article focuses upon the problem of endangered languages of native minorities living in the Russian North, particularly in the Amur Region. One of the ways to solve the problem could be so called «Language Nest» as an approach... more
The present article focuses upon the problem of endangered languages of native minorities living in the Russian North, particularly in the Amur Region. One of the ways to solve the problem could be so called «Language Nest» as an approach to language teaching and learning that is based on the idea of language dive during education and up-bringing of the future generations. Applying the principles one teacher - one language, the use of only ethnic language and motivation instead of forcing provides a considerably more effective language acquisition as well as bilateral bilingualism forming that in its tern increases an endangered language vitality. The situation with the Evenki language is viewed as an example.
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Considerable variability of the Evenki phonological system and its realization patterns as well as its endangered status determine the urgent need for considering paradigmatic and syntagmatic phonological differences among Evenki accents... more
Considerable variability of the Evenki phonological system and its realization patterns as well as its endangered status determine the urgent need for considering paradigmatic and syntagmatic phonological differences among Evenki accents and between accents and standard Evenki. The current paper presents the results of an acoustic study of a-like accent forming in the Selemdzha accent. On the one hand, the obtained results clearly indicate consistent substitute of canonical /ɜː/ with open a-like sound. On the other hand, canonical /aː/ tokens demonstrated greater openness compared to the ones that replaced canonical /ɜː/. In addition, there was considerable across-speaker variation concerning the feature of advancement-retraction. No significant duration difference was discovered. Further study is necessary to find out if the obtained acoustic difference is perceptually relevant.
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Imperative sentences in Evenki and Orochon are undoubtedly a challenging issue of their grammar and phonetics. The aspects, on which researchers' opinions diverge, include grammar tense, neutral and inverted word order and prosodic... more
Imperative sentences in Evenki and Orochon are undoubtedly a challenging issue of their grammar and phonetics. The aspects, on which researchers' opinions diverge, include grammar tense, neutral and inverted word order and prosodic arrangement of the sentences. It is the only type of sentences with the verb in sentences-initial position. Among 14 imperative verb forms (they change in 2 tenses with varying names, 3 persons and 2 numbers; some of them have inclusive and exclusive forms), 2nd-person forms in the Present Tense are characterized by the highest frequency of occurrence. This paper reports the results of an acoustic study of pitch movement in Evenki and Orochon imperative sentences depending on the number of words, syllables and the word order. The following results were obtained. In the Evenki material, two- and three-word syntagmas were characterized mostly by rise-fall pitch pattern while one-word syntagmas could have both rise-fall and fall patterns. Four-syllable-o...
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This paper presents an empirical study of errors of various types committed in consonant realization by 20 Russian male and female 3-year-olds. We aimed at ranging Russian consonants according to the difficulty of their articulation... more
This paper presents an empirical study of errors of various types committed in consonant realization by 20 Russian male and female 3-year-olds. We aimed at ranging Russian consonants according to the difficulty of their articulation focusing on common error tendencies and idiosyncratic error features. The results of the acoustic study of phoneme opposition phonetic manifestation showed that /г/, /rV, /1/, /IV, /J7, /JV, /3/, /tJ7 were the most difficult for 3-year-olds performance. A further finding was high across-speaker variability in the studied age group as far as the level of native language acquisition. Coronals and some labials, but not velars, were consistently palatalized. Doubly articulated /JV, /J7, /3/, /tJ7 underwent [si], [s], [z], [z] and [ts] fronting. Realization of certain consonant clusters involved reduction and a number of errors found for single consonants including gliding, fronting, and palatalizing.
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The present article focuses upon pronunciation patterns of etymological trill sonorant /г/ in 2 closely related languages of Tungus-Manchu subfamily of the Altaic language family -Evenki and Orochen. The results of an acoustic study are... more
The present article focuses upon pronunciation patterns of etymological trill sonorant /г/ in 2 closely related languages of Tungus-Manchu subfamily of the Altaic language family -Evenki and Orochen. The results of an acoustic study are presented for Selemdzha local accent of the Amur Evenks (Russia) and three local accents of Orochen speakers from Orochen Autonomous Banner, Greater and Lesser Xing'an Mountains of Inner Mongolia (China). The obtained results demonstrate greater degree of vibration of word-final patterns in Evenki compared to Orochen. In both languages, voiced and devoiced fricative patterns are present as well as tapping patterns accompanied by friction that is stronger in Orochen compared to Evenki. Unlike in Orochen, palatalized allophones were found in Evenki. The differences in realization patterns that were discovered can be at least partly explained by language interference of dominant Russian and dominant Chinese respectively.
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Structural feature uniting the Turkic, Mongolian and Tungus languages is vowel harmony (assimilation of vowels within a single word). Phonetics of the Evenki language, which belongs to the Manchu-Tungus group, according to the current... more
Structural feature uniting the Turkic, Mongolian and Tungus languages is vowel harmony (assimilation of vowels within a single word). Phonetics of the Evenki language, which belongs to the Manchu-Tungus group, according to the current classification of the languages of the world, is characterized by the vowel harmony law, when all the vowels of the Evenki language are divided into two harmony groups, and a neutral one. Group 1 (hard): /е:/, /а/, /а:/, /о/, /о:/; Group 2 (soft): /з/, /з:/; Neutral Group: Л/, Л:/, /и/, /и:/. In accordance with vowel harmony law, within a single word, the distribution of hard and soft vowels in the word suffix is strictly determined by the vowel in the word root. We conclude that vowel harmony in Selemdzha local accent of the Evenki language is of mixed type: palatal harmony (that regulates not only vowel distribution but the distribution of hard and soft allophones of the previous consonant within the syllable) accompanied by labial harmony functionin...
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The current paper touches upon two points of view on syllable nature in syllabic languages that are widely observed in literature. According to the first one, the syllable can be described as a grouping of smaller elements using the terms... more
The current paper touches upon two points of view on syllable nature in syllabic languages that are widely observed in literature. According to the first one, the syllable can be described as a grouping of smaller elements using the terms "phoneme," "allophone", "vowel", "consonant" that apply to non-syllabic languages. The second one is to regard the syllable as a minimal paradigmatic unit, similar to the phoneme in the non-syllabic languages. The obtained results enable to assume that such syllable constituents variation in Chinese spontaneous speech that might be a reflection of a common tendency in the Chinese speech flow.
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The present article focuses upon phonological length realization patterns of Selemdzha Evenki vowels. The material of 90 words pronounced in isolation was obtained from 4 subjects, native fluent speakers of Evenki (1 male and 3 females,... more
The present article focuses upon phonological length realization patterns of Selemdzha Evenki vowels. The material of 90 words pronounced in isolation was obtained from 4 subjects, native fluent speakers of Evenki (1 male and 3 females, aged 54-70). They were asked to read each word 3 times to imitate 3 positions in the utterance: initial, medial, and final. As a result of the acoustic analysis, it was found that phonologically long vowels possessed more than 2 times longer duration than that of short vowels. In the group of long vowels, the direct correlation was noted between vowel openness degree and their duration: the more closed the vowel was, the larger duration it had. In the group of short vowels, no dependence of that sort was found: the longest vowels turned out to be the ones of the main triangle /i-a-u/. Vowels /ɜ:-ɜ/ were characterized by the smallest duration in both groups. Comparison of vowel duration in different positions of the Evenki word suggests that, on avera...
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The third year of life is characterized by considerable increase in child speech activity. At this time period many Russian children attend preschool institutions and that fact, unlike in earlier time period, determines greater diversity... more
The third year of life is characterized by considerable increase in child speech activity. At this time period many Russian children attend preschool institutions and that fact, unlike in earlier time period, determines greater diversity of their communicative environment that in its turn results in growing instability of the native language phonetic pattern acquisition. The current paper describes the results of an acoustic study of consonants in the speech of a three-year-old girl. Consonant elisions and their substitutes were the focus of the present study. There were examples of single-consonant elision of /r/, /l/, as well as consonant clusters simplification of /sk/, /st/, /sp/, /sl/, /kl/, /ʃl/, /pl/, /zl/. The following substitutes and pronunciation variants were identified: /r/-/j/ only before the back vowel /o/; /ʒ/-/v/, /ʒ/-/zʲ/; /h/-/f/; /ʃ/-/s/,/ʃ/-/f/, as well as palatalized (soft) consonant substitutes for non-palatalized (hard) ones. Variation of consonant substituti...
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Неустойчивые точки фонологической системы современного RP касаются именно гласных. Ярким изменением является продвижение вперед и делабиализация гласных /u/ и /ʊ/. В статье изучается их аллофонное варьирование с учётом контекстных... more
Неустойчивые точки фонологической системы современного RP касаются именно гласных. Ярким изменением является продвижение вперед и делабиализация гласных /u/ и /ʊ/. В статье изучается их аллофонное варьирование с учётом контекстных влияний. Результаты позволяют заключить, что они по-прежнему относятся к не-стабильным точкам системы, реализуясь как центрированные, передние и задние гласные. Для гласного /ʊ/ отмечено значительно больше реализаций заднего ряда, чем для /u/.
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The article considers the problems of the pronunciation norm and its variability in different languages on the territory of India, China, Russia, France, Germany, England. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of free variation,... more
The article considers the problems of the pronunciation norm and its variability in different languages on the territory of India,
China, Russia, France, Germany, England. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of free variation, the features
of its manifestation are illustrated by the material of the phoneme /t/ in the British English. The following allophones and phone-
mic substitutions are identified in the intervocalic position: pre-aspirated, alveolar tap and flap, sibilants, glottal burst.
China, Russia, France, Germany, England. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of free variation, the features
of its manifestation are illustrated by the material of the phoneme /t/ in the British English. The following allophones and phone-
mic substitutions are identified in the intervocalic position: pre-aspirated, alveolar tap and flap, sibilants, glottal burst.
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The current paper focuses on flexibility of phonemic patterns of morphemes and words as a result of elision in English. Spontaneous speech of 6 subjects, male, aged 34–50, was analyzed: 3 speakers of American English (AE) and 3 speakers... more
The current paper focuses on flexibility of phonemic patterns of morphemes and words as a result of elision in English. Spontaneous
speech of 6 subjects, male, aged 34–50, was analyzed: 3 speakers of American English (AE) and 3 speakers of Canadian English (CE)
without any notable features of belonging to a particular dialect within the US and Canada. The total of 51,384 occurrences of conso-
nants and vowels were studied: 33,368 American consonants, 8,021 American vowels and 9,995 Canadian vowels. The following com-
mon patterns of consonant and vowel elision were found. Both in AE and CE there was predominantly syncope-type vowel elision. In
AE /t/ and /d/ consonant elisions were among the most frequent. /d/-elision was mostly of apocope type with very rare exceptions. Both
apocope and syncope type elision of /t/ occurred in AE with the former being more frequent; sometimes apocope and syncope occurred
in one word simultaneously. Other typical elision cases in AE included apocope of /v/ and /f/, syncope of /h/; other cases were much less
frequent. Compared to earlier studies of German spontaneous speech where fore-lingual /n/, /t/, and /d/ accounted for 80 % of all conso-
nant elision cases that occurred to a great extent in high frequency function words (cf. Guseva, 1985), in AE more notional words were
involved in consonant elision. In addition, in AE syncope of consonants turned out much more frequent than in German. Both in AE and
CE /ə/, /ʊ/, /ɪ/ were elided most frequently, all syncope-type, while /i/ was elided much less frequently and turned out the only case of
apocope. Besides common tendencies, there were certain specific features noticed concerning the spectrum of sounds elided and the
frequency of their elision. For instance, /u/-elision ranked number two in CE was not found in AE. The perceptual study of segments
with elision was performed using the material of American English only. Two experiments were carried out with two different dis-
crimination tasks: first, listen to the stimuli and write them down using the English alphabet, second, listen to the stimuli and choose
the number of syllables really pronounced. During the first task, in most cases in limited contexts (parts of words of CVC or VCV
type mostly with only two words given as a whole: probably and popular with 3 sound syncope in each) the canonical phonemic
pattern was not perceived by the native speakers. When given the second discrimination task, the native speakers could generally
perceive the reduction of the number of syllables in the words as a result of elision.
speech of 6 subjects, male, aged 34–50, was analyzed: 3 speakers of American English (AE) and 3 speakers of Canadian English (CE)
without any notable features of belonging to a particular dialect within the US and Canada. The total of 51,384 occurrences of conso-
nants and vowels were studied: 33,368 American consonants, 8,021 American vowels and 9,995 Canadian vowels. The following com-
mon patterns of consonant and vowel elision were found. Both in AE and CE there was predominantly syncope-type vowel elision. In
AE /t/ and /d/ consonant elisions were among the most frequent. /d/-elision was mostly of apocope type with very rare exceptions. Both
apocope and syncope type elision of /t/ occurred in AE with the former being more frequent; sometimes apocope and syncope occurred
in one word simultaneously. Other typical elision cases in AE included apocope of /v/ and /f/, syncope of /h/; other cases were much less
frequent. Compared to earlier studies of German spontaneous speech where fore-lingual /n/, /t/, and /d/ accounted for 80 % of all conso-
nant elision cases that occurred to a great extent in high frequency function words (cf. Guseva, 1985), in AE more notional words were
involved in consonant elision. In addition, in AE syncope of consonants turned out much more frequent than in German. Both in AE and
CE /ə/, /ʊ/, /ɪ/ were elided most frequently, all syncope-type, while /i/ was elided much less frequently and turned out the only case of
apocope. Besides common tendencies, there were certain specific features noticed concerning the spectrum of sounds elided and the
frequency of their elision. For instance, /u/-elision ranked number two in CE was not found in AE. The perceptual study of segments
with elision was performed using the material of American English only. Two experiments were carried out with two different dis-
crimination tasks: first, listen to the stimuli and write them down using the English alphabet, second, listen to the stimuli and choose
the number of syllables really pronounced. During the first task, in most cases in limited contexts (parts of words of CVC or VCV
type mostly with only two words given as a whole: probably and popular with 3 sound syncope in each) the canonical phonemic
pattern was not perceived by the native speakers. When given the second discrimination task, the native speakers could generally
perceive the reduction of the number of syllables in the words as a result of elision.
Research Interests:
Аннотация Лексические единицы в языке выполняют разные функции и обладают разной инфор мационной нагрузкой. Некоторые из них могут фигурировать и в своих обычных значе ниях, и в качестве словпаразитов-выполнять двойную функцию. Согласно... more
Аннотация
Лексические единицы в языке выполняют разные функции и обладают разной инфор мационной нагрузкой. Некоторые из них могут фигурировать и в своих обычных значе ниях, и в качестве словпаразитов-выполнять двойную функцию. Согласно гипотезе, выдвигаемой в настоящем исследовании, указанные слова в китайской спонтанной речи в их обычных значениях и в роли словпаразитов должны быть поразному оформлены фонетически, а именно-последние должны быть чаще представлены в неполных / сла бых формах. Для подтверждения гипотезы был проведён акустический анализ на мате риале речи 6 информантов-носителей Путунхуа. Пять служебных слов然 后 ranhou 'потом', 就 是 jiushi 'именно так, то есть, так и есть', 那 个 nage 'тот, этот', 这 个 zhege 'этот', 那 种 nazhong 'тот вид, тот род, такой, типа как, типа такой' были выбраны объек тами исследования изза их сравнительно высокой частотности и встречаемости в речи всех 6 субъектов. Полученные данные в целом подтвердили гипотезу. При реализации слов, за редким исключением, в обеих функциях присутствовали слабые формы, однако при их употреблении как словпаразитов количество слабых форм чаще всего возраста ло в несколько раз. Слабые формы характеризовались различной степенью неполноты реализации и явились результатом модификации сегментного состава слогов и в ряде случаев-стяжения слогов.
Abstract
In the language, lexical units perform different functions and are characterized by different informativeness. Some of them can appear both in their usual meaning and as parasite words and thus perform double function. This paper aims at studying those words. We hypothesize that in Chinese spontaneous speech, the same words that appear in their usual meaning and as parasite words have different phonetic manifestation, particularly, the latter are used in weak forms more often. An acoustic study was performed to prove the hypothesis. The material was obtained from 6 young females Putonghua speakers. Five functional words 然 后 ranhou, 就 是 jiushi, 那 个 nage, 这 个 zhege, 那 种 nazhong were chosen for this study as far as they were relatively frequent and appeared in the speech of all the 6 subjects. In general, the
obtained data proved the hypothesis. In both functions, weak forms were found with very few exceptions, however, the number of weak forms increased several times when functioning as parasite words. Different degrees of their incompleteness were noticed as a result of various
modifications of the syllable elements as well as syllables liaison.
Лексические единицы в языке выполняют разные функции и обладают разной инфор мационной нагрузкой. Некоторые из них могут фигурировать и в своих обычных значе ниях, и в качестве словпаразитов-выполнять двойную функцию. Согласно гипотезе, выдвигаемой в настоящем исследовании, указанные слова в китайской спонтанной речи в их обычных значениях и в роли словпаразитов должны быть поразному оформлены фонетически, а именно-последние должны быть чаще представлены в неполных / сла бых формах. Для подтверждения гипотезы был проведён акустический анализ на мате риале речи 6 информантов-носителей Путунхуа. Пять служебных слов然 后 ranhou 'потом', 就 是 jiushi 'именно так, то есть, так и есть', 那 个 nage 'тот, этот', 这 个 zhege 'этот', 那 种 nazhong 'тот вид, тот род, такой, типа как, типа такой' были выбраны объек тами исследования изза их сравнительно высокой частотности и встречаемости в речи всех 6 субъектов. Полученные данные в целом подтвердили гипотезу. При реализации слов, за редким исключением, в обеих функциях присутствовали слабые формы, однако при их употреблении как словпаразитов количество слабых форм чаще всего возраста ло в несколько раз. Слабые формы характеризовались различной степенью неполноты реализации и явились результатом модификации сегментного состава слогов и в ряде случаев-стяжения слогов.
Abstract
In the language, lexical units perform different functions and are characterized by different informativeness. Some of them can appear both in their usual meaning and as parasite words and thus perform double function. This paper aims at studying those words. We hypothesize that in Chinese spontaneous speech, the same words that appear in their usual meaning and as parasite words have different phonetic manifestation, particularly, the latter are used in weak forms more often. An acoustic study was performed to prove the hypothesis. The material was obtained from 6 young females Putonghua speakers. Five functional words 然 后 ranhou, 就 是 jiushi, 那 个 nage, 这 个 zhege, 那 种 nazhong were chosen for this study as far as they were relatively frequent and appeared in the speech of all the 6 subjects. In general, the
obtained data proved the hypothesis. In both functions, weak forms were found with very few exceptions, however, the number of weak forms increased several times when functioning as parasite words. Different degrees of their incompleteness were noticed as a result of various
modifications of the syllable elements as well as syllables liaison.
Research Interests:
Аннотация Интонационные контуры вопросительных предложений в эвенкийском языке являются неисследованны ми ни в общетеоретическом, ни в практическом плане. В настоящей статье данная проблема изучена с позиций экспериментальной фонетики.... more
Аннотация Интонационные контуры вопросительных предложений в эвенкийском языке являются неисследованны ми ни в общетеоретическом, ни в практическом плане. В настоящей статье данная проблема изучена с позиций экспериментальной фонетики. Предложены модели интонационных кривых общего, уточняю щего и специального вопросов. Экспериментальными образцами послужили простые нераспространён ные предложения, содержащие один акцентный центр. Материал для исследования был собран от 11 дикторов, говорящих на восточном наречии эвенкийского языка. Получены следующие результаты. Типичным интонационным контуром общего и уточняющих вопросов в эвенкийском языке является ин клинация. В ходе эксперимента установлено, что для опознания вопросительности в общих вопросах на эвенкийском языке существенно инклинационное интонирование последнего слога. Для специальных вопросов характерно понижение тона на глаголе. Эти результаты расходятся с экспериментальными дан ными, полученными ранее Н. Я. Булатовой и Л. Гренобль (1999 г.) об инклинации на начальном участке с вопросительным словом в специальных вопросах. Abstract Intonational contours of interrogative sentences in the Evenki language have rarely been in the focus of researchers' attention either theoretically or practically. In this article, this problem is studied from the standpoint of experimental phonetics. Pitch patterns of the general, and special questions are described. The experimental samples were simple sentences with one emphasis center. The material for the study was collected from 11 speakers of the Eastern dialect group of the Evenki language. The obtained results are the following. A typical intonation contour of the general question in the Evenki language is Rise. In the course of the experiment, it was found that in order to identify interrogation in the Evenki general questions, the rising intonation of the last syllable was essential. Special questions were characterized by the Falling pitch pattern with the nucleus on the verb. Our data differ from the ones previously obtained by N. Ya. Bulatova and L. Grenoble (1999) who found rising pitch on the sentenceinitial question word. Ключевые слова: эвенкийский язык, общий вопрос, специальный вопрос, интонация, инклинация, де клинация.
Research Interests:
—Many phonetic phenomena that occur in connected speech are classified as phonetic periphery where anything can happen. A well-known convenient way to fix any phonetic phenomenon using certain symbols is transcription. The current paper... more
—Many phonetic phenomena that occur in connected speech are classified as phonetic periphery where anything can happen. A well-known convenient way to fix any phonetic phenomenon using certain symbols is transcription. The current paper aims at showing the model of predicting allophones by coordinating a number of factors that determine the choice of a particular allophone and visualizing the result changing certain letters into corresponding IPA symbols. Free Pascal compiler and Geany editor are used for programming purposes. The model is created for American English. It is tested for tap and glottal burst, the latter being one of the three glottalization patterns. The difference of the combination of factors for purely linguistic analysis and for computer programming is explained. We demonstrate (i) the framework for integrating separate blocks each dealing with one phenomenon (ii) a block for tapping which is almost finalized and a part of a block on glottalization, particularly patterns for glottal burst.
Research Interests: Phonology, Phonetics, Transcription Regulation, Transcription Factors, Geometric modeling (Computer Science), and 10 moreTranscription, Speech and Phenomena, Computer Simulations and Modeling, Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Discovery, Molecular modeling, Computer aided drug design (CADD), Phonetic Transcription, Glottalization, Automatic Transcription, Automatic Music Transcription, Automatic Speech to Text Transcription, and Free Pascal
Imperative sentences in Evenki and Orochon are undoubtedly a challenging issue of their grammar and phonetics. The aspects, on which researchers’ opinions diverge, include grammar tense, neutral and inverted word order and prosodic... more
Imperative sentences in Evenki and Orochon are undoubtedly a challenging issue of their grammar and phonetics. The aspects, on which researchers’ opinions diverge, include grammar tense, neutral and inverted word order and prosodic arrangement of the sentences. It is the only type of sentences with the verb in sentencesinitial position. Among 14 imperative verb forms (they change in 2 tenses with varying names, 3 persons and 2 numbers; some of them have inclusive and exclusive forms), 2ndperson forms in the Present Tense are characterized by the highest frequency of occurrence. This paper reports the results of an acoustic study of pitch movement in Evenki and Orochon imperative sentences depending on the number of words, syllables and the word order. The following results were obtained. In the Evenki material, two and threeword syntagmas were characterized mostly by risefall pitch pattern while oneword syntagmas could have both risefall and fall patterns. Foursyllableone word syntagmas’ pattern was pitch declination while two and threesyllableoneword syntagmas could have both risefall and declination patterns with similar frequency of occurrence. Phrasefinal syntagmas had only declination. Word order did not produce a considerable effect on the pitch slope. Both in Evenki and Orochon, each syllable had its own pitch pattern. However, while the Orochon used only declination, the Evenki besides declination exploited inclination and level tone as a part of steplike pitch contour. Finally, the Evenki material demonstrated greater interspeaker variability than the Orochon one while innerspeaker variability turned out quite similar.