- Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Research Interests: Archaeology and Art
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Page 1. Mmkind. 9 (1974), pp. 281-6 Characterization of Chert Sources as an Aid to the Identification of Patterns of Trade, Southeast Solomon Islands: A Preliminary Investigation G. K. WARD and IE SMITH* Introduction Inter ...
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Introduction to the five papers in this issue that are based on presentations made at the Darwin Fulbright Symposium. Context of the Symposium is set and discussion made of the various themes and issues developed at the meeting and in the... more
Introduction to the five papers in this issue that are based on presentations made at the Darwin Fulbright Symposium. Context of the Symposium is set and discussion made of the various themes and issues developed at the meeting and in the papers published her.
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Archaeologists, along with other Quaternary researchers, seldom rely upon a single radiocarbon determination to provide an estimate of the age of the phenomenon which is the object of their study. There is an evident need for an... more
Archaeologists, along with other Quaternary researchers, seldom rely upon a single radiocarbon determination to provide an estimate of the age of the phenomenon which is the object of their study. There is an evident need for an explicitly formulated procedure for comparing sets of radiocarbon determinations from the same and from adjacent strata or sites, and for combining these where statistical and archaeological criteria indicate that this combination is warranted. The present contribution provides explicit modelling for a series of recommended procedures, a critique of previous methods, and paradigms for application of the recommended procedures.
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Review(s) of: Remains to be seen: Archaeological insights into Australian prehistory, by D. Frankel, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 1991, pp vii + 158; Recovering the tracks: The story of Australian archaeology, by D. Horton, Aboriginal... more
Review(s) of: Remains to be seen: Archaeological insights into Australian prehistory, by D. Frankel, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 1991, pp vii + 158; Recovering the tracks: The story of Australian archaeology, by D. Horton, Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra, 1991, pp xviii + 360.
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This BAR monograph deals with the chronology and styles of Arnhem Land rock paintings. It is based, surprisingly, considering the amount of research under-taken (sixteen years of fieldwork) and the breadth of problems addressed, on a BA... more
This BAR monograph deals with the chronology and styles of Arnhem Land rock paintings. It is based, surprisingly, considering the amount of research under-taken (sixteen years of fieldwork) and the breadth of problems addressed, on a BA honours thesis, and sets out ...
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Accurate dating of ancient places and events is a major preoccupation of archaeologists. Fortunately, there are several radiometric techniques, developed and applied as analytical services by various laboratories, available to provide the... more
Accurate dating of ancient places and events is a major preoccupation of archaeologists. Fortunately, there are several radiometric techniques, developed and applied as analytical services by various laboratories, available to provide the basic data from which researchers can derive archaeological dates. The technique mostly used is radiocarbon determination. The results of analyses of radiocarbon contained in organic materials excavated by archaeologists from buried habitation places and other sites have been used for nearly forty-five years to gain an estimate of the age of the events - cooking, land-clearing, and so on - represented by the archaeological deposits. Paintings and engravings can now be dated directly by radiocarbon determination of very small quantities of organic materials which have been extracted from pigments or trapped within layers covering painted or carved motifs. Other techniques, such as thermoluminescence (TL) and optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL), increasingly are being used in Australia to date aspects of the archaeological past.
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... RHYOLITES ASSOCIATED WITH ANDESITIC ARCS OF THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC IEM SMITH l'*, BW CHAPPELL 1 , GK WARD 2 and RS FREEMAN' 1 Department ... To the west of the Tonga-Kermadec arc the Lau-Havre trough is... more
... RHYOLITES ASSOCIATED WITH ANDESITIC ARCS OF THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC IEM SMITH l'*, BW CHAPPELL 1 , GK WARD 2 and RS FREEMAN' 1 Department ... To the west of the Tonga-Kermadec arc the Lau-Havre trough is a young inter-arc basin which has opened by ...
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Research Interests: Archaeology and Art
To accomplish these goals, the Institute: employs staff to conduct research, and to mentor and administer research projects conducted by others -particularly emerging Indigenous scholars; funds a grants program; commissions particular... more
To accomplish these goals, the Institute: employs staff to conduct research, and to mentor and administer research projects conducted by others -particularly emerging Indigenous scholars; funds a grants program; commissions particular research projects to be undertaken by independent researchers; funds research fellowships, undertakes consultancies, and publishes or otherwise makes available research reports and outcomes.
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Research Interests: Archaeology and Biology
... GPO Box 553 Canberra ACT 2601 (2006). Download: http://www.aiatsis.gov.au/research/docs/ dp/DP18.pd CACHED: Download as a PDF. by Back To Redfern , Ernest Hunter , Edited GrahamHenderson , Heather Mcdonald , Graeme K Ward , Graeme K... more
... GPO Box 553 Canberra ACT 2601 (2006). Download: http://www.aiatsis.gov.au/research/docs/ dp/DP18.pd CACHED: Download as a PDF. by Back To Redfern , Ernest Hunter , Edited GrahamHenderson , Heather Mcdonald , Graeme K Ward , Graeme K Ward , Ernest Hunter. ...
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Accurate dating of ancient places and events is a major preoccupation of archaeologists. Fortunately, there are several radiometric techniques, developed and applied as analytical services by various laboratories, available to provide the... more
Accurate dating of ancient places and events is a major preoccupation of archaeologists. Fortunately, there are several radiometric techniques, developed and applied as analytical services by various laboratories, available to provide the basic data from which researchers can derive archaeological dates. The technique mostly used is radiocarbon determination. The results of analyses of radiocarbon contained in organic materials excavated by archaeologists from buried habitation places and other sites have been used for nearly forty-five years to gain an estimate of the age of the events - cooking, land-clearing, and so on - represented by the archaeological deposits. Paintings and engravings can now be dated directly by radiocarbon determination of very small quantities of organic materials which have been extracted from pigments or trapped within layers covering painted or carved motifs. Other techniques, such as thermoluminescence (TL) and optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL), ...
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Archaeometry is at the borders of archaeology, epistemologically related to physics, chemistry, geology and other ‘hard’ sciences. This has led to situations where ‘archaeometrists’ are often involved in the development of new tools and... more
Archaeometry is at the borders of archaeology, epistemologically related to physics, chemistry, geology and other ‘hard’ sciences. This has led to situations where ‘archaeometrists’ are often involved in the development of new tools and methodologies, sometimes independently of the needs of the archaeological sciences. Archaeologists, based in the social sciences, tending to be in awe of the tools developed by their ‘scientific’ colleagues, might uncritically accept the results obtained from scientific analyses, or be over-suspicious of them. Increasingly, however, there is a demand from archaeologists for evaluation of their assumptions and results by means of advanced scientific analyses. These scholars recognise the need for assistance in the characterisation of materials and in dealing with thorny problems of chronology. An approach integrating various disciplinary specialisms is particularly important in the application of sophisticated analytical techniques such as those using...
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ABSTRACT
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There is extensive, if little publicized, evidence of ancient cultural representations in rock shelters and open sites throughout Australia. While dating of this imagery remains problematic in many instances, there is growing evidence... more
There is extensive, if little publicized, evidence of ancient cultural representations in rock shelters and open sites throughout Australia. While dating of this imagery remains problematic in many instances, there is growing evidence that a significant proportion survives from the Pleistocene period. Bednarik has reviewed the history of research and evaluated recent evidence of Australian rock art of the Pleistocene, especially petroglyphs. It is pertinent to consider this research with particular emphasis on painted representation.
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The Wadeye-Fitzmaurice region is in the northwest of the Top End of Australia's Northern Territory. It lies between two major geographical and cultural regions of northern Australia, the Kimberley to the southwest and Arnhem Land to... more
The Wadeye-Fitzmaurice region is in the northwest of the Top End of Australia's Northern Territory. It lies between two major geographical and cultural regions of northern Australia, the Kimberley to the southwest and Arnhem Land to the northeast. Its location suggests that it has potential to address questions concerning relationships between the two, but it has been little researched archaeologically. In collaboration with Traditional Owners of the area, we undertook a survey of cultural places of much of the region, concentrating on areas in the centre and south and along the Fitzmaurice River. The initial results from the recording of rock paintings suggest presence of cultural ties with areas to the south and west. Results of direct dating of surface accretions allow identification of a sequence of painting styles changing over time from about five thousand years ago. The most recent representations were painted within the last century. The earliest images are distinctive m...
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Cultural heritage tourism involving Indigenous Au stralian places is increasingly popular; places with rock-markings are th main focus of much tourism. Commensurately, there is a growing field o f research into the practice, policies and... more
Cultural heritage tourism involving Indigenous Au stralian places is increasingly popular; places with rock-markings are th main focus of much tourism. Commensurately, there is a growing field o f research into the practice, policies and ethical aspects of Indigenous cultural heritage tourism. My particular interest concerns the potential costs and benefits to Indigenous communities. Many individuals and community groups in rural and remot e areas of Australia consider cultural tourism as a step toward lessening of econ omic dependence upon welfare; more importantly for some it is perceived as an opp ortunity to show visitors to their country and to share with outsiders knowledge of their cultural heritage. Others, of course, are not so sanguine about the ad vantages of cultural heritage tourism, are reluctant to deal with outsiders, and are concerned about the dangers of revealing the significance of aspects of cultura l heritage. Here I will consider some examples of relatively lo...
Dampier Archipelago, on the northwestern coast of Australia has perhaps the greatest number and concentration of petroglyphs any where in the world. In this introduction to Lorblanchet’s pioneering investigation of the archaeology of the... more
Dampier Archipelago, on the northwestern coast of Australia has perhaps the greatest number and concentration of petroglyphs any where in the world. In this introduction to Lorblanchet’s pioneering investigation of the archaeology of the Dampier petroglyphs, we provide an outline of the region’s history, drawing on records of European exploration and settlement and the evidence from some early accounts and ethnographic investigations that emphasize its status as indigenous country. We consider the history of archaeological research into the Dampier petroglyphs, and describe how Michel Lorblanchet, an expert in French Palaeolithic cave art, came to make Aboriginal Australia, and Dampier in particular, his major research focus between 1975 and 1984. In discussing Lorblanchet’s legacy, we set his Dampier investigations within the context of Australian rock-art research at that time, discuss his field methodology and the analytical rigour that he brought to his study of the Dampier petr...
The Institute's Rock Art Protection Program was established in 1986 and is now in its sixth year. Some details of the history and development of the Program have been provided elsewhere (Ward and Sullivan 1989) as was a discussion of... more
The Institute's Rock Art Protection Program was established in 1986 and is now in its sixth year. Some details of the history and development of the Program have been provided elsewhere (Ward and Sullivan 1989) as was a discussion of some aspects of the first two years' program (Ward 1989). The purpose of this paper is to update that discussion to the end of the fourth year (that is, FY89 and FY90 grants), and to present some substantive results of the program so far; Appendices A and B contain summaries of the FY89 and FY90 proposals. Most projects funded in November 1990 and November 1991 (FY91 and FY92 funds) have yet to be completed or reported. A listing of project reports received by the Institute and lodged in its library since the previous review is appended (for brevity these will be cited here by their AIATSIS document number in which order they are listed in Appendix C). Useful bibliographies recently have been provided by Rosenfeld (1985; 1988), Gale and Jacobs (...
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The role of the poet and collector of 'mythologies', Roland Robinson, in prompting the production of commercial bark-painting at Port Keats (Wadeye), appears to have been accepted uncritically - though not usually acknowledged - by... more
The role of the poet and collector of 'mythologies', Roland Robinson, in prompting the production of commercial bark-painting at Port Keats (Wadeye), appears to have been accepted uncritically - though not usually acknowledged - by collectors and curators. Here we attempt to trace the history of painting in the Daly - Fitzmaurice region to contextualise Robinson's contribution, and to evaluate it from both the perspective of available literature and of accounts of contemporary painters and Traditional Owners in the Port Keats area. It is possible that the intervention that Robinson might have considered revolutionary was more likely a continuation of previously well-established cultural practice, the commercial development of which was both an Indigenous 'adjustment' to changing socio-cultural circumstances, and a quiet statement of maintenance of identity by strong individuals adapting and attempting to continue their cultural traditions.
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Review(s) of: Claims to knowledge, claims to country: native title, native title claims and the role of the anthropologist, by M. Edmunds (editor) Native Titles Research Unit, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander... more
Review(s) of: Claims to knowledge, claims to country: native title, native title claims and the role of the anthropologist, by M. Edmunds (editor) Native Titles Research Unit, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra, 1994, p p v + 61.
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Review(s) of: Guurrbi: My Special Place, by Willie Gordon with Judy Bennett N.D. [2007], Wilfred Gordon, Cooktown, 38pp.
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Review(s) of: Remains to be seen: Archaeological insights into Australian prehistory, by D. Frankel, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 1991, pp vii + 158; Recovering the tracks: The story of Australian archaeology, by D. Horton, Aboriginal... more
Review(s) of: Remains to be seen: Archaeological insights into Australian prehistory, by D. Frankel, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 1991, pp vii + 158; Recovering the tracks: The story of Australian archaeology, by D. Horton, Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra, 1991, pp xviii + 360.
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The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra (AIATSIS), was involved in research into Indigenous Australian rock art almost from its inception in 1963/4. A major development in its support of various... more
The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra (AIATSIS), was involved in research into Indigenous Australian rock art almost from its inception in 1963/4. A major development in its support of various aspects of protection and research began in 1986. The national Rock Art Protection Program (RAPP) was initiated to provide for the protection of Indigenous Australian rock art. As a grants program administered by AIATSIS, it made its first grant allocations in December 1986. The formal RAPP continued for twelve years, disbursing up to $200 000 per annum, after which the Institute continued to provide for a similar range of projects during the next decade. As interpreted by the AIATSIS Council, its scope became wider than mere physical protection. It supported new research and applied projects in three main areas. As with other AIATSIS research programs, it required the involvement of Indigenous Australian knowledge holders and custodians of the cul...
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Residents of the Wadeye region, south-west of Darwin, have been developing tourism initiatives within their traditional territory with the aims of supporting themselves and sharing their cultural heritage. At the same time, they and... more
Residents of the Wadeye region, south-west of Darwin, have been developing tourism initiatives within their traditional territory with the aims of supporting themselves and sharing their cultural heritage. At the same time, they and others have been encouraging the recording of cultural heritage places in the area. We undertook a project to record and assess cultural values of places, predominantly those containing rock paintings and stone arrangements. Detailed recordings of motifs and accounts of associated cultural stories and their contemporary significances not only assist understanding of the imagery, but also are of considerable interest to visitors. We discuss these factors in relation to a tourism enterprise operating at a site, Papa Ngala, near Nganmarriyanga, in terms of various cultural heritage values, site management and aspects of education of visitors and younger community members.
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Ancient DNA from Vanuatu and Tonga dating to about 2,900-2,600 years ago (before present, BP) has revealed that the "First Remote Oceanians" associated with the Lapita archaeological culture were directly descended from the... more
Ancient DNA from Vanuatu and Tonga dating to about 2,900-2,600 years ago (before present, BP) has revealed that the "First Remote Oceanians" associated with the Lapita archaeological culture were directly descended from the population that, beginning around 5000 BP, spread Austronesian languages from Taiwan to the Philippines, western Melanesia, and eventually Remote Oceania. Thus, ancestors of the First Remote Oceanians must have passed by the Papuan-ancestry populations they encountered in New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands with minimal admixture [1]. However, all present-day populations in Near and Remote Oceania harbor >25% Papuan ancestry, implying that additional eastward migration must have occurred. We generated genome-wide data for 14 ancient individuals from Efate and Epi Islands in Vanuatu from 2900-150 BP, as well as 185 present-day individuals from 18 islands. We find that people of almost entirely Papuan ancestry arrived in Vanua...