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The main aim of this study was to investigate the relations among text learning performance, general intelligence and the three components of metacognition; namely metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring and metacognitive... more
The main aim of this study was to investigate the relations among text learning performance, general intelligence and the three components of metacognition; namely metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring and metacognitive control. The participants were 91 fifth graders. The results of the study indicated no significant correlations among metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive control and general intelligence. On the other hand, metacognitive monitoring and general intelligence correlated significantly. The results of the regression analysis showed that metacognitive knowledge did not contribute to students’ text-learning performance whereas metacognitive monitoring and metacognitive control, together with general intelligence, were found to be significant predictors in explaining students’ text-learning performance.
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En genis anlamiyla "cocugun dogumdan ilkogretime baslayincaya kadar gecen sure icindeki tum egitsel etkinlikler" okuloncesi egitim olarak adlandirabilir.
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The purpose of this research is to determine whether the social skills and problem behaviors of the 6-year children who go to state and private pre-school education institutions change or not. The research was carried out within the... more
The purpose of this research is to determine whether the social skills and problem behaviors of the 6-year children who go to state and private pre-school education institutions change or not. The research was carried out within the framework of relational survey model. 244 children, who are 6 years old and continue the state and private preschool education institutions, participated in the research. The research data was obtained by using Kindergarten and Kindergarten Behavior Scale which was developed by Merrel (1994). The obtained data was tested with Multivariate Analysis of Variance. In the result of the research, it is found that there are significant differences in the levels of interaction, egocentricity, attention problems, aggression, withdrawal and anxiety according to the type of the institutions and also in the levels of cooperation, interaction, attention problems, and aggression according to the gender of the children. Keywords: Social skills, problem behaviors, 6-year children, education.
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Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Egilim Fakültesi Dergisi 23 (2008) 1. Giri? Psikolojik saglamhk, olumsuz yasantilar karsisinda güçlü kalabilmeyi ifade etmektedir [1]. Psikolojik saglamhk, bir olumsuz durum (bosanma, terör, dogal afetler,... more
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Egilim Fakültesi Dergisi 23 (2008) 1. Giri? Psikolojik saglamhk, olumsuz yasantilar karsisinda güçlü kalabilmeyi ifade etmektedir [1]. Psikolojik saglamhk, bir olumsuz durum (bosanma, terör, dogal afetler, yoksulluk, bozuk aile düzeni, ...
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The purpose of this study was to translate the Social-Emotional Assets and Resiliency Scale for Preschool into Turkish, determine its psychometric features for five-year-old children and conduct its validity and reliability study. The... more
The purpose of this study was to translate the Social-Emotional Assets and Resiliency Scale for Preschool into Turkish, determine its psychometric features for five-year-old children and conduct its validity and reliability study. The study comprises two researches. In the first research, the scale was translated into Turkish and its construct validity, item characteristics and factor structure were examined via the exploratory factor analysis. For the reliability of the scale, the Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency coefficient, total-item score correlations and correlation analyses between the subscales were examined. In the second research, the factor structure of the scale was tested in a new sample via the confirmatory factor analysis. As in the first research, the Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency coefficient, total-item score correlations and correlation analyses between the subscales were examined for the reliability of the scale in the second research. Moreover, in the second research, the correlation between the Ego Resiliency Scale scores was examined for the predictive validity of the scale. As a result of the analyses, it has been determined that the 4-subscale and 22-item Turkish Version of the 27-item Social-Emotional Assets and Resiliency Scale for Preschool, which was developed for children aged three to five years in the United States, is a valid and reliable assessment instrument for five-year-old children. Keywords: Social emotional assets, resilience, early childhood, reliability and validity.
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Research Findings: The aim of this study was to construct and validate “English Picture Vocabulary Test (EPVT)” that aimed to assess the very young learners’ (VYLs) receptive and expressive vocabulary knowledge for specific content areas... more
Research Findings: The aim of this study was to construct and validate “English Picture Vocabulary Test (EPVT)” that aimed to assess the very young learners’ (VYLs) receptive and expressive vocabulary knowledge for specific content areas in English as a foreign language (EFL). In this context, EPVT was created in several stages. One of them was initial construct identification with the literature review on various aspects of assessment in early year’s FL learning and development aspects of very young EFL learners. The other stages were “pre-piloting” with 4 experts and 20 VYLs to obtain their perspectives on the test construction and administration and “final piloting” implementation with 5–6 years old private pre-primary school children (251) to ensure reliability, validity, and test quality. After designing the process of the EPVT was clarified considering the ethical and effectiveness issues, the item analysis with Kuder-Richardson 20 and Point-Biserial Correlation was conducted. Besides, the distribution of the items among the ranges of difficulty and the discrimination index values were specified. Practice and Policy: The findings support that EPVT is child-friendly and effective in assessing preschoolers’ English vocabulary receptively and expressively. Furthermore, it could also serve to provide feedback for teaching and supporting for learning L2.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects that parenting self-efficacy perceptions of fathers have on the peer relations of their 5–6-year-old children. This study was conducted on 200 5–6-year-old preschool children and... more
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects that parenting self-efficacy perceptions of fathers have on the peer relations of their 5–6-year-old children. This study was conducted on 200 5–6-year-old preschool children and their fathers. The results of the analysis concluded that there was a low-level negative and significant relationship between the fathers’ parenting efficacies and the aggression,
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Çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı bir arada yaşamak durumunda olan insanlar arasında olumlu ilişkilerin gelişmesi bir toplumda karşılıklı hoşgörü, denge ve uyumun sağlanması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bunun gerçekleşebilmesi için farklı... more
Çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı bir arada yaşamak durumunda olan insanlar arasında olumlu ilişkilerin gelişmesi bir toplumda karşılıklı hoşgörü, denge ve uyumun sağlanması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bunun gerçekleşebilmesi için farklı insanlann birbirlerine karşı ...
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In this study, it is aimed to discover childhood fears of 60-72-month-old children through the opinions of preschool children, preschool teachers and mothers. Study group of the investigation consists of 52 participants; 18 children aged... more
In this study, it is aimed to discover childhood fears of 60-72-month-old children through the opinions of preschool children, preschool teachers and mothers. Study group of the investigation consists of 52 participants; 18 children aged 60-72 months, 16 teachers and 18 mothers with preschool children, in Istanbul. An “Interview Form” which consists of 9 questions, was developed by the researchers. According to the findings, there are not significant differences in fear types among preschool children in different socioeconomic levels. In general, the most common fear types among all children are animals, robbery, natural events and nightmares. According to the mothers in lower and middle socioeconomic levels, children are mostly afraid of the dark and loneliness and to the mothers from upper socioeconomic level, they are afraid of strangers and unfamiliar settings, animals and loneliness. According to the teachers working in lower socioeconomic level schools, children are mostly afr...
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Hayat Bilgisi derslerinde ornek olay yonteminin kullanilmasi ogrencileri etkin kilma noktasinda onem tasimaktadir. Cunku ornek olay, yasam icerisinde karsilasacaklari sorunlarin bir provasi niteligindedir. Bu nedenle bu calismada... more
Hayat Bilgisi derslerinde ornek olay yonteminin kullanilmasi ogrencileri etkin kilma noktasinda onem tasimaktadir. Cunku ornek olay, yasam icerisinde karsilasacaklari sorunlarin bir provasi niteligindedir. Bu nedenle bu calismada ogretmenlerin ornek olayi bir yontem olarak kullanmalarinin niteliksel duzeyi incelenmistir. Calismanin amaci, ogretmenlere verilen ornek olay temelli egitimin, islenen Hayat Blgisi derslerinde ne derece etkili oldugunun saptanmasidir. Bu amacla nitel arastirma desenlerinden eylem arastirmasi kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu devlet ve ozel okullardan secilen toplam yedi ogretmen olusturmaktadir. Calismadaki veri toplama araclari gozlem formu ve ogretmen gunlukleridir. Ogretmenlerin egitim oncesi ve sonrasi isledikleri dersler toplam 84 ders saati gozlemlenmistir. Bu gozlemlerde ogretmenlerin ornek olayi islemelerinin niteligi incelenmistir. Ardindan, ogretmen gunlukleri onlarin surec hakkindaki dusuncelerini analiz etmek icin incelenmistir. Sure...
Cocuklarin, tum alanlarda gelisiminin temelinin atildigi okul oncesi donem yasamin en degerli yillaridir. Bu donemde cocuklar icin yapilan butun calismalar cocuklarin basarili ve saglikli bireyler olmasi acisindan cok onemlidir. Erken... more
Cocuklarin, tum alanlarda gelisiminin temelinin atildigi okul oncesi donem yasamin en degerli yillaridir. Bu donemde cocuklar icin yapilan butun calismalar cocuklarin basarili ve saglikli bireyler olmasi acisindan cok onemlidir. Erken cocuklugun 0-6 yaslar arasindaki sureci kapsayan okul oncesi yillari; kisiligin olusmasi ve sekillenmesi, temel bilgi ve becerilerin kazandirilmasi, cocugun bilissel, fiziksel, dil, duygusal ve sosyal yonden onemli ilerleme kaydettigi bir donem olmasi nedeniyle, yasamin en kritik donemlerinden biridir. Yasamin temelini olusturan bu donemde cocuklara yeterli kosullar nitelikli egitim olanaklari ile birlikte sunulmalidir. Cunku okul oncesi donemde fiziksel ve sosyal cevredeki olumsuzluklar, ileriki yillarda fiziksel ve zihinsel sagligi etkileyebilmektedir. Psikolojik dayaniklilik zayif olmamak, hicbir riske acik olmamak degildir. Psikolojik dayaniklilik, ebeveynlerin, cocuklari stres dolu ve karmasik dunyalarinin tadini cikarirken, zorluklariyla da basa ...
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Ozet Cesitli nedenlerden dolayi bir arada yasamak durumunda olan insanlar arasinda olumlu iliskilerin gelismesi bir toplumda karsilikli hosgoru, denge ve uyumun saglanmasi acisindan Onem tasimaktadir. Bunun gerceklesebilmesi icin farkli... more
Ozet Cesitli nedenlerden dolayi bir arada yasamak durumunda olan insanlar arasinda olumlu iliskilerin gelismesi bir toplumda karsilikli hosgoru, denge ve uyumun saglanmasi acisindan Onem tasimaktadir. Bunun gerceklesebilmesi icin farkli insanlarin birbirlerine karsi gosterecekleri anlayis, hosgoru ve baskalarinin farkliliklarini kabul etme temelinde bir toplumsal yapiya gereksinim vardir. Boylesi bir toplumsal yapiyi olusturan bireylerin yetistirilmesi icin ornegin farkli ulkelerin ve kulturlerinin tanitilmasi gereklidir. Bu nedenle okul oncesi donemden baslayarak cocuklara diger ulkelerin cesitli ozelliklerinin ve kulturlerinin tanitildigi egitim programlari hazirlanmalidir. Bu goruslerden hareketle, arastirmada Misir ulkesinin cesitli nitelikleri ve kulturu ile ele alinip incelendigi bir kulturler arasi ogrenme programinin etkililigi deneysel bir calisma ile test edilmistir. Calismada ayni anaokulunun birbirine paralel iki ayri sinifina devam eden, 5-6 yas cocuklarindan olusan 15 ...
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School adjustment is a multi-dimentional concept related to social effect, social behaviour and school achievement. School adjustment is has been conceptualized as the degree to which children are interested, comfortable and successful in... more
School adjustment is a multi-dimentional concept related to social effect, social behaviour and school achievement. School adjustment is has been conceptualized as the degree to which children are interested, comfortable and successful in the school environment. Peers, parents and teachers have been important effects on school adjustment. It is know that there was a relation between positive teacher-child interaction and school adjustment and competence in preschool stage. Also teacher had more effects than relations with peers on school adjustment. Pre-School Education Programme, which prepared by Ministry of National Education in 2006, has been stressed upon especially the active participation of the children in training settings. The measurement of school adjustment levels of children can be important in making regulations for children to participate actively to training settings. First of all there is a need to have a scale to assess school adjustment of young chilren. There is ...
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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self - efficacy perception of mothers' towards parenting on the peer relations of children aged between 5 and 6. The sample group of this study comprised of 200, 5 - 6... more
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self - efficacy perception of mothers' towards parenting on the peer relations of children aged between 5 and 6. The sample group of this study comprised of 200, 5 - 6 year old children (girls= 96, boys= 104), and their mothers. The Ladd and Profilet Child Behaviour Scale, the Peer Victimisation Scale and the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale - Mother Form were used to collect data of this study. Study results concluded that there was a negative significant relationship between the level of self-efficacy perceived by mothers towards parenting and variables of aggression, exclusion, fearful-anxiety, hyperactivity, and peer victimisation of their children. Another conclusion obtained from this study was that the level of self-efficacy perceived by mothers towards parenting had a predictor effect on their child's level of aggression, exclusion, fearful-anxiety, hyperactivity, and peer victimisation. There was ...
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Resiliency is described as a successful adjustment outcome, process or capacity despite an environment including challenges and threats (Ozcan, 2005). Resiliency is a personal quality and power. It is the successful adjustment and... more
Resiliency is described as a successful adjustment outcome, process or capacity despite an environment including challenges and threats (Ozcan, 2005). Resiliency is a personal quality and power. It is the successful adjustment and recovery against stressful situations (Henderson & Milstein, 1996; Norman, 2000). Some children and youngsters are able to “survive” and continue their interaction with the environment successfully despite various negative events. Such kind of people generally are able to be resilient against stressful events, come through very fast and even become more powerful as a result of problems and negative environmental conditions (Ogulmus, 2001). Purpose of this study is to reveal whether ego resiliency of children attending preschool education institutions differs according to divorced and not divorced family. The study was conducted in survey method. Two groups of children from the province of Konya were included in the sample group of the study. The first gro...
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Ebeveyn Kabul Red Teorisi (The Parental Acceptance- Rejecton Theory (PART), Amerika ve tum dunyada ebeveyn kabul reddinin nedenlerini, sonuclarini ve diger degiskenlerle iliskilerini aciklamayi amac edinmis, hayat boyu gelisim ve... more
Ebeveyn Kabul Red Teorisi (The Parental Acceptance- Rejecton Theory (PART), Amerika ve tum dunyada ebeveyn kabul reddinin nedenlerini, sonuclarini ve diger degiskenlerle iliskilerini aciklamayi amac edinmis, hayat boyu gelisim ve sosyallesme teorisidir [1, 2, 3]. Teoriye gore insanda biyolojik temelli olarak, onun icin onemli olan kisilerden olumlu tepkiler alma ihtiyaci bulunmaktadir. Bu ihtiyaclar; rahatlik, sevilme, bakim, korunma, ilgi ve temel sevgi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Yetiskinlikte de bu ihtiyaclar baglanilan kisiye yonelik olarak karmasiklasir ve farklilasir. Bebeklikte ve cocuklukta ihtiyaclar en iyi sekilde ebeveynler, ergenlik ve yetiskinlikte de diger yakin kisilerden saglanilmaktadir [3, 2]. Bu nedenle, bu teorinin daha iyi taninmasinda ve daha ayrintili calisilmasinda yarar vardir.
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Even though the number of psychological resiliency-related studies has increased, in Turkey, in recent years, the number of studies regarding preschool children is still inadequate. Studies that measure, improve, and support the... more
Even though the number of psychological resiliency-related studies has increased, in Turkey, in recent years, the number of studies regarding preschool children is still inadequate. Studies that measure, improve, and support the psychological-resiliency of preschool children carry grave importance. Measuring instruments should be developed or adapted in order for subject- related studies to be conducted.Taking this into consideration, the purpose of this study is to conduct reliability-validity studies for the Children's Ego Resiliency Scale's Teacher, Mother, and Father Forms, developed for preschool children. The 12-item scale is a 9-point likert-type measuring instrument developed to set forth the ego-resiliency of children based on the views of their parents or teachers. The study group comprised of 120 children, aged between 5 and 6, from families with low socio-economic background, attending preschool, and their parents (120 mothers and 120 fathers). Study results prov...
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âMuzelerin Egitim Amacli Kullanimiâ isimli proje calismasi; Istanbul Arkeoloji Muzeleri ve Yildiz Teknik Universitesi Muzecilik Yuksek Lisans Programiânin isbirligi ile Marmara Universitesi Ataturk Egitim Fakultesi Ilkogretim... more
âMuzelerin Egitim Amacli Kullanimiâ isimli proje calismasi; Istanbul Arkeoloji Muzeleri ve Yildiz Teknik Universitesi Muzecilik Yuksek Lisans Programiânin isbirligi ile Marmara Universitesi Ataturk Egitim Fakultesi Ilkogretim Bolumu, Cagdas Yasami Destekleme Dernegi, Cagdas Drama Dernegi, Turkiye Egitim Gonulluleri Vakfi ve Turist Rehberleri Birligiânin katkilari ile gerceklestirilmistir. Projenin Marmara Universitesi tarafindan belirlenen amaci: âIstanbulâda tarih boyunca yasamis olan farkli uygarliklarin giyim tarzlari ve farkli islevlerininâ besinci sinif ogrencileri tarafindan ogrenebilmesidir. Bu amacin gerceklestirilmesine yonelik olarak egitimsel hedefler belirlenmistir. Proje calismasindaki uygulamalar gezi oncesi, gezi ve gezi sonrasi olmak uzere uc asamada gerceklestirilmistir. Bu uygulamalar cesitli derslerde yapilan kompozisyon yazma, drama, calisma sayfasi, sanat egitimi, oyku tamamlama gibi ogretim yontem ve tekniklerini icermistir. Ayrica ogrenciler âI...
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The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the opinions of parents of pre-school children about children’s programmes on TV. The study had two phases: In the first step “The Evaluation Scale for Children’s Programmes” was translated... more
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the opinions of parents of pre-school children about children’s programmes on TV. The study had two phases: In the first step “The Evaluation Scale for Children’s Programmes” was translated into Turkish, the reliability and validity of the scale was tested through analyzing of the data collected from parents of preschool children. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the whole scale was: α=0,95; p<0,001. Thus it was concluded that the Turkish version of the scale had sufficient internal reliability. Test–retest reliability of the scale was found to be high (r=0.99; p<0,0001). Content validity of the scale was calculated by relating each item to other items in the relevant subscale and the correlation coefficients were found statistically significant as changing between .01 and .05. In the second step of the study; 189 parents were asked to evaluate the Turkish TV programmes for children on the basis of 9 quality criteria (credibility...
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The purpose of this research is to study 5 - 6 years old preschool children’s Turkish language skills related to various variables (socioeconomic status, profession of fathers, working of mothers, education levels of parents, numbers of... more
The purpose of this research is to study 5 - 6 years old preschool children’s Turkish language skills related to various variables (socioeconomic status, profession of fathers, working of mothers, education levels of parents, numbers of siblings, age of children and gender of children) in Denizli. The sample of the research consisted of 223 (114 boys and 109 girls) preschool children of 5 - 6 years old attending preschools education in the central region of Denizli city. A personal information form and language development subscale of Marmara developmental scale was used to collect data. According to the results, the gender, age of the children and the parents’ working status did not lead to any significant differences as a function of language usage skills of children. However, educational levels of the parents, profession of the fathers, numbers of the siblings and socioeconomic status did present significant differences as a function of language usage skills of children.
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Ozet: Bu arastirma, yansitici dusunme uygulamalari sonunda sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin yapilandirmaci ogrenme ortami hazirlama ilkelerine yonelik yaptiklari tercihleri ve bu tercihleri yapma nedenlerini belirlemek amaciyla yapilmistir. 16... more
Ozet: Bu arastirma, yansitici dusunme uygulamalari sonunda sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin yapilandirmaci ogrenme ortami hazirlama ilkelerine yonelik yaptiklari tercihleri ve bu tercihleri yapma nedenlerini belirlemek amaciyla yapilmistir. 16 sinif ogretmeni adayinin yer aldigi arastirmada karma model kullanilmistir. Arastirmada ogretmen adaylarinin yapilandirmaci ogrenme ortami ilkelerine yonelik tercihlerini ve bu tercihleri yapma nedenlerini belirlemek amaciyla "Yapilandirmaci Ogrenme Ortami Hazirlama Olcegi" kullanilmistir. Uygulama sonunda deney grubu ogretmen adaylarinin yapilandirmaci tercihlerinde ve buna uygun neden belirttikleri cevaplarin sayisinda uygulama oncesine gore %25.42'lik bir artis olmustur. Bunun aksine yapilandirmaci tercihlerinde ve geleneksel neden belirttikleri cevaplarin sayisinda uygulama oncesine gore %9.36'lik azalma ve geleneksel tercih yapip yine geleneksel neden belirttikleri cevaplarin sayisinda ise %16.06'lik azalma gerceklesmisti...
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of reflective thinking practices on prospective teachers' skills in preparation of the constructivist learning environment and frequencies of the their use of constructivist... more
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of reflective thinking practices on prospective teachers' skills in preparation of the constructivist learning environment and frequencies of the their use of constructivist learning environment principles at the Teaching Practice Course II. Sixteen prospective teachers (eight female, eight male), taking the Teaching Practice II course in the Department of Elementary Education at Marmara University, participated in this study. The Embedded design, a mixed methods design, was used. At the beginning of the study, there was no significant difference between constructivist learning environment preparation skills of the prospective teachers in both experimental and control groups. At the end of the reflective thinking practices, there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups' protest scores in relation to constructivist learning environment preparation skills' favoring the prospective teacher...
In this research, it was aimed to examine the levels of school burnout and alienation from school of the senior students who are studying in the Preschool Education departments. The sample consisted of 300 students who were studying in... more
In this research, it was aimed to examine the levels of school burnout and alienation from school of the senior students who are studying in the Preschool Education departments. The sample consisted of 300 students who were studying in the Preschool Education departments. The data were obtained by using the "Personal Information Form", "Student Alienation Scale" and "Maslach Burnout Scale Student Form". The preschool teacher candidates in the last class experience school burnout and alienation from school at the “middle” level. When examining the results, it was seen that the students who were studying in public universities experienced a higher level of depersonalization and burnout than the students in private universities. The alienation from school levels of the students did not differ according to the type of university. The results indicated that Anatolian teacher training high school graduates were more exhausted than general high school and voca...
The purpose of this study is to test the linguistic equivalance, reliability, validity of the Turkish version of “Ladd and Profilet Child Behavior Scale, Victimization Scale and Picture Sociometry Scale”. Statistics of aritmetic average,... more
The purpose of this study is to test the linguistic equivalance, reliability, validity of the Turkish version of “Ladd and Profilet Child Behavior Scale, Victimization Scale and Picture Sociometry Scale”. Statistics of aritmetic average, standart deviation, internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach Alpha), item-total and item-remainder analysis, test- retest reliability were calculated for reliability of Ladd and Profilet Child Behavior Scale, Victimization Scale and Picture Sociometry Scale. Statistics of content validity, construct validity, criterion-related validity, discriminative strength of scales were tested to assess the validity of Ladd and Profilet Child Behavior Scale, Victimization Scale and Picture Sociometry Scale. Those analysis indicated that The Turkish version of Ladd and Profilet Child Behavior Scale, Victimization Scale and Picture Sociometry Scale were accepted as reliable and valid.
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This article is about the significance of role playing as a fundamental technique of educational drama in human life and education. The dimentions of role playing according to Bronfenbrenner’s definition of role were examined... more
This article is about the significance of role playing as a fundamental technique of educational drama in human life and education. The dimentions of role playing according to Bronfenbrenner’s definition of role were examined theoretically and the key points for effective usage of role playing in educational drama were discussed. Key words: Educational drama, social roles and their functions, technique of role playing
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Pre-school ages, which is the period of rapid development of all developmental areas, is the stage in which children acquire visual perception ability and this ability acquisition process accelerates between the ages of three and seven.... more
Pre-school ages, which is the period of rapid development of all developmental areas, is the stage in which children acquire visual perception ability and this ability acquisition process accelerates between the ages of three and seven. Visual perception that accelerates during childhood, is an important factor for academic and motor skills which are essential for school success. In this research, it is aimed to examine visual perception levels of preschool children according to various variables. The research was conducted through the survey model. The study population is consisted of children aged 5-6, who are attending preschools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Kadıköy, Maltepe, Beşiktaş and Sarıyer districts on Anatolian and European sides of Istanbul. The sample of the study consists of 114 children aged between 5-6 years and who study in preschools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in these districts. The "Visual Perception Scale for Pre...