The present study encompasses 121 ethno-medicinal uses of 26 tree species of 20 families deployed for 75 maladies and 16 body systems as included in WHO-ICD 11 by Gaddi and Gurjar tribes of Chamba region (Himachal Pradesh). Tribal's were... more
The present study encompasses 121 ethno-medicinal uses of 26 tree species of 20 families deployed for 75 maladies and 16 body systems as included in WHO-ICD 11 by Gaddi and Gurjar tribes of Chamba region (Himachal Pradesh). Tribal's were more familiar to therapeutic plants used for digestive disorders i.e. 24 use reports of 16 tree species followed by skin maladies and localized infections. No citation regarding immune system, circulatory, sensory systems, mental, behavioral / neuro-developmental disorders, sleep-wake disorders, conditions related to sexual health and injury, poisoning or certain other consequences of external causes was obtained. Taxus baccata was found to be most versatile species of the region as it was deployed in 13 diseases of 8 body systems.
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The physical, chemical, conformational, and energetic properties of amino acid residues in turn alter the physiological properties of the activating protein molecules. The sequence comparison of insulin chain A and chain B of Camelus... more
The physical, chemical, conformational, and energetic properties of amino acid residues in turn alter the physiological properties of the activating protein molecules. The sequence comparison of insulin chain A and chain B of Camelus dromedaries was compared to Homo sapiens. Although the sequences differed only in four amino acids but their physico-chemical properties stretched apart. Camel milk insulin had large mutable affinity for alanine which in turn is responsible for –i. High thermo-stability ii. High aliphatic index and iii. High hydropathicity. Due to this altered behavior of insulin molecule in camel, it does not forms coagulum and is resistant to proteolysis during digestion. In gut part this indigestible insulin peptide enters circulatory system and regulates glycemic loads in diabetic patients.
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Ethno-botanical reports from Rajasthan reveals utilization of Abrus precatorius L. seeds to check ova formation. So to evaluate its potential ovarian histo-architectural studies were carried out on swiss albino mice treated by body weight... more
Ethno-botanical reports from Rajasthan reveals utilization of Abrus precatorius L. seeds to check ova formation. So to evaluate its potential ovarian histo-architectural studies were carried out on swiss albino mice treated by body weight dependent seed extract. Ovarian histological observation of test drug treated animals show follicles in different stages of atresia and deviated oestrous cycle revealing its potential as antifertility source. This effect diminishes with time and proceeding restoration of folliculogenesis can be observed after fifteen days of the drug ingestion. Hence the present study embodies Abrus to be prolonged oral fertility regulator.
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DM II is becoming the third killer of mankind because of its high prevalence, morbidity and mortality, a provoking metabolic disorder affecting carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism due to shortage or lack of insulin secretion or... more
DM II is becoming the third killer of mankind because of its high prevalence, morbidity and mortality, a provoking metabolic disorder affecting carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism due to shortage or lack of insulin secretion or reduced sensitivity of the tissue to insulin. This is characterized by metabolic dysfunction that results in elevated blood and tissue concentrations of many metabolites i.e. glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids and ketone bodies. The blood glucose control is mainly achieved by oral hypoglycemic agents or anti-hyperglycemic agents and insulin which are associated with undesirable side effects. Traditional medicines and plant extract are preferred as they revitalize pancreatic beta cells. Ethno-medicinal studies reveal utilization of etc. for the same.
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Bari Lake is an important faunal rich water reservoir of Udaipur basin The Lake has suffered through drought during 1999-2004 which directly and indirectly altered its aquatic diversity. Latter on fish seeds were reintroduced by... more
Bari Lake is an important faunal rich water reservoir of Udaipur basin The Lake has suffered through drought during 1999-2004 which directly and indirectly altered its aquatic diversity. Latter on fish seeds were reintroduced by government and non-government agencies. The current study emphasizes on mahseer fish population and it was observed that altered amino acid sequence prevailed among collected samples and the total population was pooled into two segments altered due to insertion of guanine rich codons. In silico parameters viz., amino acid composition (%), molecular weight, theoretical isoelectric point (pI), number of positively & negatively charged residues, instability index, aliphatic index and grand average of hydropathy were also computed. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method and in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. KEY WORD: Mahseer (Tor tor), Bari Lake and Polymorphism.
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" Guinea pig " (Cavia porcellus) has been used as important experimental models in various clinical studies. Among various metabolic entities it differs from human pathophysiology including carbohydrate metabolism and therefore cannot be... more
" Guinea pig " (Cavia porcellus) has been used as important experimental models in various clinical studies. Among various metabolic entities it differs from human pathophysiology including carbohydrate metabolism and therefore cannot be deployed for all research investigations. Preproinsulin and its respective components i.e. signal peptide, chain B, chain C and Chain A differ in their physico-chemical properties from human insulin specifically in isoelectric point, aliphatic index and instability index. It also lacks an ability to form dimer and in turn to form hexamer. Therefore, it cannot be used for hypoglycemic studies incorporating inactive insulin and its physiology. Receptor binding sites are similar to human insulin; number and position of cysteine residues are conserved in both chain A and chain B but the V loop residues vary at B20 where Gly is replaced by Gln and hence forms the deviated loop.
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Use of indigenous drugs from plant origin forms a major part of complementary and alternative medicine/traditional medicine. These drugs need proper standardization and have to be accurate i.e. should be free from intentionally or... more
Use of indigenous drugs from plant origin forms a major part of complementary and alternative medicine/traditional medicine. These drugs need proper standardization and have to be accurate i.e. should be free from intentionally or unintentionally adulteration. Current focus on chemotype-driven fingerprinting and related techniques requires integration with genotype-driven molecular techniques. So, that an optimal characterization of botanical materialism is possible. Genetically validated and technologically standardized herbal medicines may be derived using a safe path of pharmacological approach based on traditional knowledge database.
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Ethnically Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don. is deployed in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related oxidant pathologies, but none of the ethno-medicinal documentation or its further clinical evaluation specifies its variant/s.... more
Ethnically Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don. is deployed in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related oxidant pathologies, but none of the ethno-medicinal documentation or its further clinical evaluation specifies its variant/s. Therefore, the present study was targeted to sieve out the most efficient variant through in vivo screening of its six variants i.e. pacifica white , cora white , albus with red eye , peppermint cooler, pacifica liliac and grape cooler. Experimental diabetes was induced through intraperitoneal streptozotocin and glibenclamide was used as a reference drug to mark the equi-marker biochemical profile of the variant. Four biochemical parameters viz. (i) glycemic status –plasma insulin and C-peptide (ii) enzymatic antioxidants-superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (iii) non-enzymatic antioxidants-total reduced glutathione, Vitamin C and Vitamin E and (iv) lipid peroxidation were evaluated in different experimental groups. Among the screened variants pacifica white and cora white were akin to reference drug, variant albus with red eye signified negligible hypoglycemic effect while others showed differential array in regulation of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Ethno-medicinal survey with reference to hypoglycemic activity was carried out in various ethnic pouches of south east Rajasthan and on the basis of % fidelity level, 25 plants were selected and subjected to preliminary in vivo... more
Ethno-medicinal survey with reference to hypoglycemic activity was carried out in various ethnic pouches of south east Rajasthan and on the basis of % fidelity level, 25 plants were selected and subjected to preliminary in vivo biochemical screening through oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Aqueous extract of respective plant part was orally ingested prior to intragastically glucose loaded wistar rats and blood glucose level was registered after 0, 30, 90 and 120 mins through glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOD / POD) method. Glibenclamide (GBS) was used as a reference drug to mark the efficacy of plant. Percent variation of glucose level over initial time (% Gvt) and percent variation of glucose level with respect to reference drug (%Gld) were studied for all respective time intervals in all groups to mark the anti-hyperglycemic efficacy of the plant.Glucose levels with respect to initial time declined in groups treated with Aerva
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Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Apocyanaceae), Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) and Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels (Myrtaceae) has been documented as an ethno-hypoglycemic herbs from southeast Rajasthan. Therefore, to evaluate their... more
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Apocyanaceae), Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) and Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels (Myrtaceae) has been documented as an ethno-hypoglycemic herbs from southeast Rajasthan. Therefore, to evaluate their potential an oral administration of the aqueous extract was administered for 15 days at the concentration of 500 mg /kg body weight in STZ induced hyperglycemic activity. GBC was used in another group to support the results at the concentration of 0.25 mg /kg body weight orally once a day for 15 days. Hypoglycemic activity was observed in all the treated groups revealing significant reduction in blood glucose levels. The results were also found akin to urino-analysis and the body weight tendencies. The performance of Catharanthus roseus was found better as compared to other two and is quite comparable with GBC. Results indicate presence of insulin mimicking natural products in all 3 plants which may contribute for the exploration of new safer drugs.
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Stress leads to disease and disease leads to stress, this bidirectional poking relationship urges for the development of stress busters or ailment regulators which can sooth lives. Ethnic groups of south east Rajasthan inherit a vast... more
Stress leads to disease and disease leads to stress, this bidirectional poking relationship urges for the development of stress busters or ailment regulators which can sooth lives. Ethnic groups of south east Rajasthan inherit a vast pharmacopoeia and ingredient/s sourced from the same, forms a baseline of numerable commercial drugs. Present study was an attempt to inventorize the hypoglycemic plants and their formulations used by tribals to regulate the blood glucose levels. Crisscross transactional interaction with local healers and ethnic groups of both gender and various age groups reveal use of 41 plants and 8 formulations for DM II management. Among documented ethno phyto drugs 8 were used as food while 16 as protective source to delay the onset of DM II.34 plants were used as curative agents i.e. to regulate the glucose levels. Enlisted data includes mode of usage, usage time tenure, quantity and use value (UV) of documented ethno hypoglycemic plants.
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K-Casein; is a mammalian milk protein belong to phosphoproteins family and involved in a number of important physiological processes. We are analyzed 42 members of Kappa-casein reported in uniport kb database. Out of which maximum length... more
K-Casein; is a mammalian milk protein belong to phosphoproteins family and involved in a number of important physiological processes. We are analyzed 42 members of Kappa-casein reported in uniport kb database. Out of which maximum length of protein sequence 234Amino Acid (P19442) and Minim length 122 AA (09-members) are long. Out of candidate protein family (P02669) consists 190AA and Cleaved into 5 chains (Casoxin-C, Casoxin-6, Casoxin-A, Casoxin-B, Casoplatelin), and rest of all are cleaved into 2 chain except (Q29150AA) which is non Cleaved chain. Maximum frequency (122AA length, 9 times) and minimum are (13 different length, only one time are notice. There is also remark that cleaving frequency amino acids site positions (58-59) were maximum 9 times in candidate protein family, but ranging differences are maximum 17 in between the length of 153.The multiple sequence alignment using Clustalx (version 2.0.11) with Pearson method alignment score 464342 obtain in that family and Phenetic (Distance Method) using Neighbor Joining algorithm (NJ Plot) for build tree. Calculating Bootstrap replicates to Phylogeny analysis, the distance scale (0.05), seven major clusters are identified and thirteen terminal common ancestors found in 42 nodes.
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Casein is mammalian milk protein belong to phosphoproteins family and involved in a number of important physiological processes. We are analyzed four Subgroups of casein protein (Alpha S-1, Alpha S-2, Beta and Kappa) in four species (Cow,... more
Casein is mammalian milk protein belong to phosphoproteins family and involved in a number of important physiological processes. We are analyzed four Subgroups of casein protein (Alpha S-1, Alpha S-2, Beta and Kappa) in four species (Cow, Camel, Domestic Sheep and Goat) reported in that family. In this study, a full length Amino acid Sequence of above four species in casein subgroup are find from public database. The candidate sequences are further analyzed by multiple sequence alignment, for phylogeny study using various tools such as Clustal X, NJ-Plot. The trees were calculated using the rooted Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method on distance matrix employing NEIGHBOR. The Default p-distance method was used for distance analysis. The results revealed that very similar relationship between AA sequences responsible for their common ancestor. Find large conserved region which is play an important role in phylogeny relationship.
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Insulin like peptide sequences have been the metabolic regulator in both invertebrate and vertebrates. During the molecular evolution it has been altered significantly with amino acid substitution at various sites. In humans it is the... more
Insulin like peptide sequences have been the metabolic regulator in both invertebrate and vertebrates. During the molecular evolution it has been altered significantly with amino acid substitution at various sites. In humans it is the chief hormone involved in carbohydrate metabolism and related pathways but differs with other insulin peptides of lower classes. As anatomically and physiologically aves share farthermost features with mammalia. Therefore, in present study in silico comparsion of both avian and human insulin was carried out to analyze the patterns of substitution in the mother sequences of chain A and chain B. Target sequences were retrieved from NCBI and were locally aligned to sort the amino acid differences at various sites. Avian amino acids Histidine, Asparagine and Threonine of position 8, 9 and 10 of chain A are substituted by Threonine, Serine and Isoleucine respectively in humans; while Alanine of 1, 2 and 30 position of avian chain B is replaced by Phenylalanine, Valine and Tyrosine in humans. 27 th position of aves is preoccupied by Serine while human insulin carries Threonine. All the substitutions involved the replacement in non receptor and ligand binding sites which bespeaks functional conformity in both the aligned groups. Cysteine residues were invariably constant indicating conservation of secondary structure and stability. In silico comparative study of avian and human insulin chain A and chain B, journal de afrikana, 2016, 3(4); 252-261.
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Mahseer (Tor tor) is an economical important fish but due to anthropogenic factors it is subjected to over exploitation and is threatened simultaneously. In Rana pratap sagar dam of Chambal, Kota (India) it is found in good number and... more
Mahseer (Tor tor) is an economical important fish but due to anthropogenic factors it is subjected to over exploitation and is threatened simultaneously. In Rana pratap sagar dam of Chambal, Kota (India) it is found in good number and despite of thermal pollution it has adapted itself. A present study was aimed to identify the molecular deviation of species within the morphologically akin population. The study reveals occurrence of two genetical subgroups with single nucleotide replacement and its parallel origin. B.oth the subgroups were found to be stable and fertile inter se.
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The present study includes ethno-medicinal survey of tribal pockets of south east Rajasthan for the documentation of various hepato-protective and hepato-curative plants and their mode of usage. The reported plants were tabulated on... more
The present study includes ethno-medicinal survey of tribal pockets of south east Rajasthan for the documentation of various hepato-protective and hepato-curative plants and their mode of usage. The reported plants were tabulated on frequency coefficient mode as per used by different tribes and localities. These documented plants were also sorted on the basis of secondary data and 20 plants were selected for preliminary screening. For initial screening pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) dependent SGOT/AST (EC 2.6.1.1) was used as a marker enzyme to indicate hepatocytic biochemical profile. The protocol included wistar rats of eithes sexes and was grouped as control vehicle, hepato-toxicated, reference and phyto-treated group. The observations were carried out after 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs of the last dose. Among screened plants Acacia catechu, Aegle marmelos, Andrographis paniculata, Citrullus colocynthis and Phyllanthus amarus were found to be at par as compared to reference group, treated with silymarin. Selection of such effective hepato-curative plants can be used for further investigations and will assist in opening new avenues for developing a new hepatic drug with low frequency of relapse and side effects.