Rose Rahman

A parallel text corpus is an important resource for building a machine translation (MT) system. Existing resources such as translated documents, bilingual dictionaries, and translated subtitles are excellent resources for constructing parallel text corpus. A sentence alignment algorithm automatically aligns source sentences and target sentences because manual sentence alignment is resource-intensive. Over the years, sentence alignment approaches have improved from sentence length heuristics to statistical lexical models to deep neural networks. Solving the alignment problem as a classification problem is interesting as classification is the core of machine learning. This paper proposes a parallel long-short-term memory with attention and convolutional neural network (parallel LSTM+Attention+CNN) for classifying two sentences as parallel or non-parallel sentences. A sliding window approach is also proposed with the classifier to align sentences in the source and target languages. The...

In manga translation, when original image and written representations are regarded as inappropriate content to the target readers’ socio-cultural context, censorship is imposed. Nevertheless, research on censorship in manga translation in Malaysia has not been given due attention. Previous studies show that self-censorship influences translation, but it is not examined within the scope of manga translation. As such, the objective of this study is to examine the censorship practices in manga translation in Malaysia. This study adopts a qualitative content analysis approach to analyse six Malay translations and their respective source texts based on the publishing guideline of the Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 [Act 301] and translation procedures proposed by Klaus Kaindl. The analysis shows that the censorship practice in manga translation is a combination of institutional and self-censorship. In institutional censorship, the translation procedures of detraction, addition...

Previous mono-cultural and interlanguage pragmatic studies in Persian mainly focused on the ‘strategy types’ used in the structures of speech acts. However, the functions of these elements were discussed by few of them. Polite speech acts have been reported to be used with both genuine and ostensible meanings. Nevertheless, few sporadic studies were conducted to help distinguishing these two series of speech acts in Persian. In this study, attempt is made to highlight the importance of context in distinguishing between overt (direct) and actual (indirect) functions of four speech acts namely offer, invitation, apology and refusal collected from the soundtracks of Iranian films. In this study we propose that while the overt and actual functions of the genuine speech acts are the same, there is discrepancy in the case of ostensible speech acts. The results of this study highlight the importance of context in working out the meaning of Persian speech acts.