Ike D Ikerionwu

This paper is focused on the Niger Delta Region and Ogoni land in particular with respect to the non violent demonstration of the Movement of the Survival of Ogoni People (MOSOP) against environmental degradation from 1970 to 2005. The effects of oil exploration and production on Ogoni people are examined. Trail of reactions by the Ogoni people, Shell and the Nigerian government is also discussed. The main objective of this paper is to inquire deeper into the real causes of the environmental degradation in Ogoniland and re-awaken the clamor for Shell and the Nigerian state to clean up the oil spills in the Niger Delta Region and make Shell Petroleum Development Company in particular and other oil companies in general engage in best practices as it concerns oil exploitation and exploration.

The advent of European colonialism radically altered the Igbo consciousness and compelled them to draw upon opportunities of the ‘new order’ to meet social and economic demands. The twentieth century was a period when the Nigerian people had to come to terms with the ‘new order’ introduced by their forceful integration into the global capitalist system. New music had been introduced; new dance steps were required. This study examines how the Igbo, in response to and in spite of, these dynamics carved a distinct place for themselves in Nigeria’s social and economic development. Indeed, the nature of the place of the Igbo vis-à-vis the country’s socio-economic evolution provokes intellectual fermentation. Are they taking their place in the sun or are they hewers of wood and fetchers of water in the Nigerian super structure? What factors have shaped their development? To what extent have external dynamics shaped the Igbo socio-economic factor? What are the omens for the future?

This paper is focused on the Niger Delta Region and Ogoniland in particular with respect to the nonviolent remonstration of the Movement of the Survival of Ogoni People (MOSOP) against environmental degradation from 1970 to 2005. The effects of oil exploration & production on Ogoni people are examined. Trail of reactions by the Ogoni people, Shell and the Nigerian government is also discussed. The main objective of this paper is to inquire deeper into the real causes of the environmental degradation in Ogoniland and re-awaken the clamor for Shell and the Nigerian state to clean up the oil spills in the Niger Delta Region and make Shell Petroleum Development Company in particular and other oil companies in general engage in best practices as it concerns oil exploitation and exploration.

Keywords: Nonviolent movement in Nigeria, Ogoni, Shell operations in Nigeria, MOSOP.

Psychopathology contributes to the diagnosis in psychiatry where numerous disorders are syndromes underlined by abnormal subjective experiences of patients. For instance, loss of connection with one's inability to live a productive life, loss of genuine personal contact and general personal distress are all hallmarks of psychopathology.