Marie-Eve Blackburn

La migration des jeunes hors des régions périphériques a fait l’objet de plusieurs recherches au cours des dernières années. Certaines régions, telles que le Saguenay–Lac-Saint Jean (SLSJ), présentent des taux de migration plus élevés et ont amené des chercheurs à se questionner sur les raisons qui poussent les jeunes à les quitter. Dans cet ordre d’idées, les résultats d’une étude exploratoire découlant d’une recherche longitudinale réalisée par le centre ÉCOBES-Recherche et transfert du Cégep de Jonquière sur les habitudes de vie et les aspirations scolaires et professionnelles des jeunes saguenéens et jeannois du secondaire à l’âge adulte sont ici présentés. Plus précisément, des analyses de régression multinomiale ont permis de dresser un portrait des déterminants du statut migratoire des jeunes du SLSJ de 14 à 24 ans. Il apparait, entre autres, que les jeunes qui migrent sont généralement plus performants à l’école et présentent des valeurs moins traditionnelles. En connaissant...

The aim of this study was to examine the cross-country invariance of five well-established measures of body weight and shape concern-related attitudes and behaviors (i.e., drive for leanness, drive for muscularity, strategies to increase muscle, strategies to lose weight, and weight and shape concerns). A secondary objective was to examine the effects of several sociodemographic factors (age, BMI, socioeconomic status, and gender) on item and latent factor scores of these constructs. A total of 6272 emerging adults (4218 women; Mage = 21.46, SD = 3.11) from Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Spain, and the U.S. completed a self-report online survey as part of a larger study. Overall, support for partial invariance both across countries and in terms of the considered sociodemographic factors was found for reduced versions of the five measures. Significant differences in latent means were found across countries, these being of greater magnitude for drive for leanness and strategies to lose weight. The considered sociodemographic factors (most notably BMI and gender) were associated with the latent mean scores of the assessed constructs. The present study contributes to current literature by providing cross-cultural invariant versions of several measures of relevance in the field of body image.

This study examined the measurement invariance of three scales that assessed emotional eating, restrained eating, and intuitive eating across eight countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Spain and the United States) in order to determine their suitability for cross-country body image research. A total of 6272 young adults took part in this study. Participants completed an online survey including the Emotional Eating subscale of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised 21, the Restraint subscale of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, and the Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues subscale of The Intuitive Eating Scale-2. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate potential cross-country differences in functioning of the measures. Partial invariance for all three scales was found, with only minor levels of non-invariance identified. Multiple indicator multiple cause models identified BMI and gender as potential influences on scores for these measures. Sources of invariance across groups are discussed, as well as implications for further substantive research across countries involving these measures.

Considering the long-term deleterious consequences of child maltreatment, it is crucial to better understand the pathways leading to psychological outcomes in emerging adulthood. This study contributes to the existing knowledge through the examination of the role of romantic attachment as a mechanism explaining the association between child maltreatment and psychological adaptation. Prospective and retrospective data from 605 school-based participants (56.0% women) from the general population involved in a 10-year study were used. Child maltreatment, including sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, was measured at age 14 years (mean age = 14.04, SD = 0.21). Ten years later (mean age = 24.5, SD = 0.50), similar forms of maltreatment, in addition to neglect, were measured, along with adult romantic attachment, self-esteem, and psychological distress. The results of path analyses, controlling for self-esteem and psychological distress at age 14, revealed that child maltreatment was associated with increases in psychological distress and with decreases in self-esteem in emerging adults, through their levels of romantic attachment anxiety. The results also revealed that cross-sectional analyses involving retrospective measurements of child maltreatment at age 24 were as valuable as longitudinal analyses involving its measurement at age 14. Those results confirm the importance of romantic attachment in survivors' well-being, and suggest that attachment may be a key target for intervention with adolescents or emerging adults.

Aim: Although health authorities have set pharmacogenetic (PGx) markers on labels of hundreds of drugs, the use of PGx in clinical care remains infrequent. The adoption of PGx will depend on the opinions of physicians, pharmacists and patients. Materials & methods: Qualitative focus group interviews were performed with 23 physicians, 11 pharmacists and 30 patients. Results: Majority of the participants showed enthusiasm toward the implementation of PGx in clinics. Lack of knowledge on PGx, roles of healthcare providers, factors in favor and challenges of PGx implementation, ethical and insurance issues, educational and tools needs were the key themes that emerged from the interviews. Conclusion: Several barriers impede the uptake of PGx in clinics, however, opinions of physicians, pharmacists and patients are mostly favorable.

Résumé Par l’entremise du Registre de la population du Québec ancien (RPQA), banque de données élaborée dans le cadre du Programme de recherche en démographie historique, nous avons observé l’existence d’une composante familiale de la longévité. En effet, l’âge au décès des parents semble influencer l’âge au décès de leurs fils et filles, particulièrement pour les parents décédés après 70 ans. Nous avons aussi observé une convergence significative de l’âge au décès dans les fratries. Cependant, il existe également une relation entre les âges au décès des conjoints, ce qui laisse supposer que la composante familiale est due à la part environnementale de l’héritabilité plutôt qu’à la part génétique.

Résumé Au cours des dix dernières années, le phénomène de la migration des jeunes s’est accentué au Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ), comme en témoigne le solde migratoire négatif de 15 %. Au-delà des constats basés sur le bilan migratoire, la compréhension des déplacements de population nécessite une analyse des caractéristiques des individus qui ont l’intention de migrer avant qu’ils ne quittent leur région. L’analyse discriminante est utilisée ici pour déterminer les facteurs associés à l’intention de migrer d’un échantillon stratifié de 1901 élèves du secondaire du SLSJ. Les résultats confirment que davantage de filles que de garçons préféreraient vivre à l’extérieur du SLSJ une fois leurs études terminées et montrent que les aspirations scolaires, les relations familiales et les comportements des jeunes qui ont l’intention de migrer se différencient nettement selon le sexe. Cette étude met en évidence la prépondérance des dimensions psychosociale et culturelle eu égard à l’intent...

Transition into adulthood is a critical developmental period that may be influenced by adverse life events as well as by protective factors. This study aimed at investigating the effect of different forms of child maltreatment experienced prior to age 14 (i.e., sexual abuse, physical abuse and exposure to intimate partner violence), and of friend support at age 14 on the psychological distress trajectory from age 14 to 24. Participants were 605 adolescents from the general population involved in a 10-year longitudinal study. Psychological distress was evaluated at ages 14, 16, 18 and 24. Child maltreatment prior to 14 years was retrospectively assessed at 14 and 24 years while perception of support from friends was evaluated at age 14. Multilevel growth modeling indicated that psychological distress followed a significant decreasing curvilinear trajectory, with participants reporting fewer distressing psychological symptoms after 18 years. All three forms of child maltreatment, as w...

Avoir une bonne estime de soi constitue une ressource personnelle associée à une meilleure adaptation sociale et est un gage de bonne santé mentale et de bien-être (Bologini et collab., 1996 ; Torres et collab., 1995). L’adolescence représente une étape charnière dans l’établissement d’une bonne estime de soi. Ainsi, lors de cette période, l’estime de soi se construit en lien avec diverses caractéristiques personnelles et sociales, notamment la satisfaction à l’égard de son image corporelle (Seidah et collab., 2004). Considérant que l’image projetée défi nit en partie la reconnaissance qu’une personne reçoit des autres dans la société actuelle, il importe de mieux comprendre la place occupée par l’image corporelle dans le développement de l’estime de soi des adolescents. Pour ce faire, une description de l’insatisfaction de l’image corporelle et de l’évolution de l’estime de soi de 14 à 18 ans sera effectuée de même que les facteurs qui les infl uencent. ÉVOLUTION DE L’ESTIME DE SOI...

This study assessed the measurement invariance of selected self-report measures of perfectionism, impulsivity, self-esteem and social anxiety in samples of emerging adults from eight different countries. Participants (N = 6272) completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, the 5-item Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (5-item RSES) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS-6). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was run to examine cross-measure equivalence. Evidence for structural invariance was found for all questionnaires, while weak invariance was supported only for the 5-item RSES and the SIAS-6, and a partial weak invariance was found for the MPS and the UPPS-P. No measure achieved strong invariance. Strict invariance was achieved for the 5-item RSES, whereas only a partial strict invariance was supported for the MPS, UPPS-P and SIAS-6. These results suggest that perfectionism, impulsivity, self-esteem, and social anxiety are subjected to linguistic/cultural influence as well as to the effects of socio-demographic variables and can be evaluated by using the selected measures in eight different countries worldwide-but results should be interpreted with caution.

Aim: Although health authorities have set pharmacogenetic (PGx) markers on labels of hundreds of drugs, the use of PGx in clinical care remains infrequent. The adoption of PGx will depend on the opinions of physicians, pharmacists and patients. Materials & methods: Qualitative focus group interviews were performed with 23 physicians, 11 pharmacists and 30 patients. Results: Majority of the participants showed enthusiasm toward the implementation of PGx in clinics. Lack of knowledge on PGx, roles of healthcare providers, factors in favor and challenges of PGx implementation, ethical and insurance issues, educational and tools needs were the key themes that emerged from the interviews. Conclusion: Several barriers impede the uptake of PGx in clinics, however, opinions of physicians, pharmacists and patients are mostly favorable. Pharmacogenetics (PGx), the study of interactions between genetic factors and drug response, is expected to define tomorrow's medical and pharmaceutical practice in terms of prescriptions, treatment and management of patients [1-3]. PGx testing can help predict a therapeutic response by detecting the presence of variations in one or more genes influencing drug response [4]. PGx can also have a significant implication for patients and clinicians by minimizing the incidence of adverse events according to the genetic variations and reducing the number of medical consultations [5]. In fact, as much as 12% of emergency visits are due to adverse events caused by a new drug [6]. In the last years, health authorities such as Health Canada and the FDA have set PGx biomarker information on labels of over 100 and 200 drugs, respectively [7]. Despite these recommendations, the use of PGx testing in routine clinical care remains infrequent [8]. Reasons that explain the slow uptake of PGx in clinics include unfamiliarity of health care providers with PGx, cost associated with testing, time constraints, absence of clear clinical guidelines, lack of easily accessible tests and several ethical considerations [2,3,9-14]. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) have provided evidence to support the implementation of PGx-guided therapy [15,16], particularly in the treatment of psychiatric disorders [17-20]. However, RCT are expensive and take a long time before sufficient data are collected to clearly demonstrate the improved clinical outcomes of PGx-guided treatment [21]. Therefore, the clinical utility of PGx testing is still inconclusive [22] and more studies are needed. It is generally well known that primary care providers such as primary care physicians (PCPs) and pharmacists are expected to play an important role in supporting the uptake of PGx into routine clinical care [23]. In fact, more primary care providers are being asked to interpret genetic test results as direct-to-consumer genetic tests are becoming increasingly available [24]. In the last decades, patients have been more involved with their personal healthcare decisions. Their empowerment in the management of PGx data could improve the diffusion of test results among healthcare professionals and thus facilitate the implementation of PGx tests [25]. As PGx implementation will lie on a multidisciplinary framework,