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Alexander Klippel
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- affiliation: Pennsylvania State University, USA
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2020 – today
- 2024
- [j31]Gamze Dane, Suzan Evers, Pauline van den Berg, Alexander Klippel, Timon Verduijn, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Theo A. Arentze:
Experiencing the future: Evaluating a new framework for the participatory co-design of healthy public spaces using immersive virtual reality. Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 114: 102194 (2024) - 2023
- [j30]Pejman Sajjadi, Caitlyn G. Edwards, Jiayan Zhao, Alex Fatemi, John W. Long, Alexander Klippel, Travis D. Masterson:
Corrigendum: Remote iVR for nutrition education: from design to evaluation. Frontiers Comput. Sci. 5 (2023) - [j29]Jiayan Zhao, Bernhard E. Riecke, Jonathan W. Kelly, Jeanine K. Stefanucci, Alexander Klippel:
Editorial: Human spatial perception, cognition, and behaviour in extended reality. Frontiers Virtual Real. 4 (2023) - [c65]Alexander Klippel, Bart Knuiman, Jiayan Zhao, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Sebastian Garzon:
AnywhereXR - Laying the Foundation for Open Source Embodied Digital Twin Applications. IMET 2023: 15-18 - 2022
- [j28]Pejman Sajjadi, Caitlyn G. Edwards, Jiayan Zhao, Alex Fatemi, John W. Long, Alexander Klippel, Travis D. Masterson:
Remote iVR for Nutrition Education: From Design to Evaluation. Frontiers Comput. Sci. 4 (2022) - [j27]Songshan Yue, Hui Lin, Guonian Lü, Alexander Klippel, Min Chen:
Virtual geographic environment construction based on ubiquitous geographic information. Trans. GIS 26(3): 1143-1146 (2022) - 2021
- [j26]Mahda M. Bagher, Pejman Sajjadi, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Peter La Femina, Alexander Klippel:
Move The Object or Move The User: The Role of Interaction Techniques on Embodied Learning in VR. Frontiers Virtual Real. 2: 695312 (2021) - [j25]Jiawei Huang, Melissa S. Lucash, Robert M. Scheller, Alexander Klippel:
Walking through the forests of the future: using data-driven virtual reality to visualize forests under climate change. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 35(6): 1155-1178 (2021) - [c64]Pejman Sajjadi, Jiayan Zhao, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Peter La Femina, Alexander Klippel:
Influence of HMD Type and Spatial Ability on Experiences and Learning in Place-based Education. iLRN 2021: 1-8 - [c63]Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Eric Knapp, Alan Taylor, Alexander Klippel, Jiayan Zhao, Pejman Sajjadi:
Place-Based Learning Through a Proxy - Variations in the Perceived Benefits of a Virtual Tour. iLRN 2021: 1-8 - [c62]Jiayan Zhao, Mark B. Simpson, Pejman Sajjadi, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Ping Li, Mahda M. Bagher, Danielle Oprean, Lace M. K. Padilla, Alexander Klippel:
CrowdXR - Pitfalls and Potentials of Experiments with Remote Participants. ISMAR 2021: 450-459 - [c61]Natalie Bursztyn, Hannah Riegel, Pejman Sajjadi, Bart Masters, Jiayan Zhao, Jiawei Huang, Mahda M. Bagher, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Alexander Klippel:
Fostering Geological Thinking Through Virtual Strike and Dip Measurements. VR Workshops 2021: 303-308 - [c60]Pejman Sajjadi, Jiayan Zhao, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Peter C. LaFemina, Alexander Klippel:
HMD Type and Spatial Ability: Effects on the Experiences and Learning of Students in Immersive Virtual Field Trips. VR Workshops 2021: 546-547 - [e3]Daphne Economou, Anasol Peña-Ríos, Andreas Dengel, Heather Dodds, Markos Mentzelopoulos, Alexander Klippel, Kai Erenli, Mark J. W. Lee, Jonathon Richter:
7th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network, iLRN 2021, Eureka, CA, USA, May 17 - June 10, 2021. IEEE 2021, ISBN 978-1-7348995-2-8 [contents] - 2020
- [j24]Alexander Klippel:
From spatial to platial - the role and future of immersive technologies in the spatial sciences. J. Spatial Inf. Sci. 21(1): 33-45 (2020) - [j23]Jiayan Zhao, Tesalee Sensibaugh, Bobby Bodenheimer, Timothy P. McNamara, Alina Nazareth, Nora S. Newcombe, Meredith Minear, Alexander Klippel:
Desktop versus immersive virtual environments: effects on spatial learning. Spatial Cogn. Comput. 20(4): 328-363 (2020) - [j22]Alexander Klippel, Jiayan Zhao, Danielle Oprean, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Chris Stubbs, Peter La Femina, Kathy L. Jackson:
The value of being there: toward a science of immersive virtual field trips. Virtual Real. 24(4): 753-770 (2020) - [c59]Mahda M. Bagher, Pejman Sajjadi, Julia Carr, Peter La Femina, Alexander Klippel:
Fostering Penetrative Thinking in Geosciences Through Immersive Experiences: A Case Study in Visualizing Earthquake Locations in 3D. iLRN 2020: 132-139 - [c58]Pejman Sajjadi, Mahda M. Bagher, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Stefan Kopp, Philipp Cimiano, Alexander Klippel:
Mixed or Virtual: Does Device Type Matter in Human-ECA Interactions. iLRN 2020: 230-235 - [c57]Pejman Sajjadi, Mahda M. Bagher, Zheng Cui, Jessica G. Myrick, Janet K. Swim, Timothy S. White, Alexander Klippel:
Design of a Serious Game to Inform the Public About the Critical Zone. SeGAH 2020: 1-8 - [c56]Pejman Sajjadi, Jiayan Zhao, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Tanya Furman, Peter C. LaFemina, Alex Fatemi, Zachary E. Zidik, Alexander Klippel:
The Effect of Virtual Agent Gender and Embodiment on the Experiences and Performance of Students in Virtual Field Trips. TALE 2020: 221-228 - [c55]Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Mahda M. Bagher, Pejman Sajjadi, Alexander Klippel:
A Comparison of Visual Attention Guiding Approaches for 360° Image-Based VR Tours. VR 2020: 83-91 - [c54]Alexander Klippel, Jiayan Zhao, Pejman Sajjadi, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Mahda M. Bagher, Danielle Oprean:
Immersive Place-based Learning - An Extended Research Framework. VR Workshops 2020: 449-454 - [c53]Jiayan Zhao, Mark B. Simpson, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Pejman Sajjadi, Alexander Klippel:
Extended Realities - How Changing Scale Affects Spatial Learning. VR Workshops 2020: 601-602 - [c52]Pejman Sajjadi, Mahda M. Bagher, Zheng Cui, Jessica G. Myrick, Janet K. Swim, Timothy S. White, Alexander Klippel:
CZ Investigator: Learning About Critical Zones Through a VR Serious Game. VR Workshops 2020: 603-604 - [c51]Jiayan Zhao, Peter C. LaFemina, Julia Carr, Pejman Sajjadi, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Alexander Klippel:
Learning in the Field: Comparison of Desktop, Immersive Virtual Reality, and Actual Field Trips for Place-Based STEM Education. VR 2020: 893-902 - [c50]Jiawei Huang, Alexander Klippel:
The Effects of Visual Realism on Spatial Memory and Exploration Patterns in Virtual Reality. VRST 2020: 18:1-18:11 - [e2]Daphne Economou, Alexander Klippel, Heather Dodds, Anasol Peña-Ríos, Mark J. W. Lee, Dennis Beck, Johanna Pirker, Andreas Dengel, Tiago M. Peres, Jonathon Richter:
6th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network, iLRN 2020, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA, June 21-25, 2020. IEEE 2020, ISBN 978-1-7348995-0-4 [contents]
2010 – 2019
- 2019
- [j21]Arzu Çöltekin, Danielle Oprean, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Alexander Klippel:
Where are we now? Re-visiting the Digital Earth through human-centered virtual and augmented reality geovisualization environments. Int. J. Digit. Earth 12(2): 119-122 (2019) - [j20]Jiayan Zhao, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Peter C. LaFemina, Jim Normandeau, Alexander Klippel:
Harnessing the power of immersive virtual reality - visualization and analysis of 3D earth science data sets. Geo spatial Inf. Sci. 22(4): 237-250 (2019) - [c49]Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Jack Shen-Kuen Chang, Jiayan Zhao, Pejman Sajjadi, Danielle Oprean, Thomas B. Murphy, Jennifer Baka, Alexander Klippel:
For the Many, Not the One: Designing Low-Cost Joint VR Experiences for Place-Based Learning. EuroVR 2019: 126-148 - [c48]Danielle Oprean, Caitlin Spence, Mark B. Simpson, Randy Miller Jr., Saurabh Bansal, Klaus Keller, Alexander Klippel:
Human Interpretation of Trade-Off Diagrams in Multi-Objective Problems: Implications for Developing Interactive Decision Support Systems. HICSS 2019: 1-10 - [c47]Alexander Klippel, Danielle Oprean, Jiayan Zhao, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Peter C. LaFemina, Kathy L. Jackson, Elise Gowen:
Immersive Learning in the Wild: A Progress Report. iLRN 2019: 3-15 - [c46]Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Arif Masrur, Jiayan Zhao, Alan Taylor, Eric Knapp, Jack Shen-Kuen Chang, Alexander Klippel:
Low-Cost VR Applications to Experience Real Word Places Anytime, Anywhere, and with Anyone. WEVR@VR 2019: 1-6 - [c45]Jiayan Zhao, Alexander Klippel:
Scale - Unexplored Opportunities for Immersive Technologies in Place-based Learning. VR 2019: 155-162 - [c44]Alexander Klippel, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Arif Masrur, Jiayan Zhao, Peter C. LaFemina:
Warping Space and Time-Reviving Educational Tools of the 19th Century. VR 2019: 1022-1023 - [c43]Jiawei Huang, Melissa S. Lucash, Robert M. Scheller, Alexander Klippel:
Visualizing Ecological Data in Virtual Reality. VR 2019: 1311-1312 - [c42]Jiawei Huang, Melissa S. Lucash, Mark B. Simpson, Casey Helgeson, Alexander Klippel:
Visualizing Natural Environments from Data in Virtual Reality: Combining Realism and Uncertainty. VR 2019: 1485-1488 - [c41]Alexander Klippel, Jiayan Zhao, Danielle Oprean, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Jack Shen-Kuen Chang:
Research Framework for Immersive Virtual Field Trips. VR 2019: 1612-1617 - 2018
- [j19]Danielle Oprean, Mark B. Simpson, Alexander Klippel:
Collaborating remotely: an evaluation of immersive capabilities on spatial experiences and team membership. Int. J. Digit. Earth 11(4): 420-436 (2018) - [e1]Sarah H. Creem-Regehr, Johannes Schöning, Alexander Klippel:
Spatial Cognition XI - 11th International Conference, Spatial Cognition 2018, Tübingen, Germany, September 5-8, 2018, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 11034, Springer 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-96384-6 [contents] - 2017
- [j18]Mark B. Simpson, Kai-Florian Richter, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Alexander Klippel:
Quantifying space, understanding minds: A visual summary approach. J. Spatial Inf. Sci. 14(1): 95-136 (2017) - [c40]Danielle Oprean, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Jose Manuel Pinto Duarte, Debora Verniz, Jiayan Zhao, Alexander Klippel:
Developing and Evaluating VR Field Trips. COSIT (Workshops/Posters) 2017: 105-110 - [c39]Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Jiawei Huang, Jiayan Zhao, Claire Ebert, Paul Roddy, Jaime J. Awe, Tim Murtha, Alexander Klippel:
Immersive Technologies and Experiences for Archaeological Site Exploration and Analysis. COSIT (Workshops/Posters) 2017: 307-314 - [c38]Jiayan Zhao, Peter C. LaFemina, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Danielle Oprean, Alexander Klippel:
iVR for the geosciences. KELVAR@VR 2017: 1-6 - 2016
- [j17]Jennifer Smith Mason, Alexander Klippel, Susanne Bleisch, Aidan Slingsby, Stephanie Deitrick:
Special issue introduction: Approaching spatial uncertainty visualization to support reasoning and decision making. Spatial Cogn. Comput. 16(2): 97-105 (2016) - [c37]Mark B. Simpson, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Alexander Klippel, Liping Yang, Gregory Garner, Klaus Keller, Danielle Oprean, Saurabh Bansal:
Immersive Analytics for Multi-objective Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy (DICE) Models. ISS Companion 2016: 99-105 - 2015
- [c36]Alexander Klippel, David M. Mark, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, David Stea:
Conceptualizing Landscap - A Comparative Study of Landscape Categories with Navajo and English-Speaking Participants. COSIT 2015: 268-288 - [c35]Kevin A. Sparks, Alexander Klippel, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, David M. Mark:
Citizen Science Land Cover Classification Based on Ground and Aerial Imagery. COSIT 2015: 289-305 - [c34]Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Alexander Klippel, Morteza Karimzadeh:
Towards contextualized models of spatial relations. GIR 2015: 14:1-14:2 - 2014
- [j16]Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Jinlong Yang, Alexander Klippel:
Cognitive Evaluation of Spatial Formalisms: Intuitive Granularities of Overlap Relations. Int. J. Cogn. Informatics Nat. Intell. 8(1): 1-17 (2014) - [j15]Sen Xu, Alexander Klippel, Alan M. MacEachren, Prasenjit Mitra:
Exploring Regional Variation in Spatial Language Using Spatially Stratified Web-Sampled Route Direction Documents. Spatial Cogn. Comput. 14(4): 255-283 (2014) - [c33]Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Alexander Klippel, Timothy Baldwin:
Building a corpus of spatial relational expressions extracted from web documents. GIR 2014: 6:1-6:8 - [c32]Vivien Mast, Diedrich Wolter, Alexander Klippel, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Thora Tenbrink:
Boundaries and Prototypes in Categorizing Direction. Spatial Cognition 2014: 92-107 - 2013
- [c31]Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Jinlong Yang, Alexander Klippel:
Investigating intuitive granularities of overlap relations. ICCI*CC 2013: 300-307 - [c30]Alexander Klippel, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Jinlong Yang, Jennifer Smith Mason, Eun-Kyeong Kim, David M. Mark:
Fundamental Cognitive Concepts of Space (and Time): Using Cross-Linguistic, Crowdsourced Data to Cognitively Calibrate Modes of Overlap. COSIT 2013: 377-396 - [c29]Sen Xu, Alexander Klippel:
Linking context and proximity through web corpus. GIR 2013: 45-46 - 2012
- [j14]Alexander Klippel, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Jinlong Yang, Rui Li, Frank Dylla:
Formally grounding spatio-temporal thinking. Cogn. Process. 13(Supplement-1): 209-214 (2012) - [c28]Xiao Zhang, Baojun Qiu, Prasenjit Mitra, Sen Xu, Alexander Klippel, Alan M. MacEachren:
Disambiguating Road Names in Text Route Descriptions using Exact-All-Hop Shortest Path Algorithm. ECAI 2012: 876-881 - [c27]Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Jinlong Yang, Alexander Klippel, Frank Dylla:
Investigations into the Cognitive Conceptualization and Similarity Assessment of Spatial Scenes. GIScience 2012: 212-225 - [c26]Alexander Klippel, Jinlong Yang, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Frank Dylla, Rui Li:
Assessing Similarities of Qualitative Spatio-temporal Relations. Spatial Cognition 2012: 242-261 - 2011
- [j13]Patrick Olivier Laube, Björn Gottfried, Alexander Klippel, Roland Billen, Nico Van de Weghe:
Report on the first workshop on Movement Pattern Analysis MPA10. J. Spatial Inf. Sci. 2(1): 127-133 (2011) - [j12]Anuj R. Jaiswal, Scott Pezanowski, Prasenjit Mitra, Xiao Zhang, Sen Xu, Ian Turton, Alexander Klippel, Alan M. MacEachren:
GeoCAM: A geovisual analytics workspace to contextualize and interpret statements about movement. J. Spatial Inf. Sci. 3(1): 65-101 (2011) - [j11]Alexander Klippel:
Movement Choremes: Bridging Cognitive Understanding and Formal Characterizations of Movement Patterns. Top. Cogn. Sci. 3(4): 722-740 (2011) - [c25]Rui Li, Alexander Klippel, Jinlong Yang:
Geographic Event Conceptualization: Where Spatial and Cognitive Sciences Meet. CogSci 2011 - [c24]Xiao Zhang, Prasenjit Mitra, Alexander Klippel, Alan M. MacEachren:
Identifying destinations automatically from human generated route directions. GIS 2011: 373-376 - 2010
- [j10]Frank Hardisty, Alexander Klippel:
Analysing spatio-temporal autocorrelation with LISTA-Viz. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 24(10): 1515-1526 (2010) - [j9]Alexander Klippel, Stephen C. Hirtle, Clare Davies:
You-Are-Here Maps: Creating Spatial Awareness through Map-like Representations. Spatial Cogn. Comput. 10(2-3): 83-93 (2010) - [c23]Rui Li, Alexander Klippel:
Using space syntax to understand knowledge acquisition and wayfinding in indoor environments. IEEE ICCI 2010: 302-307 - [c22]Alexander Klippel, Rui Li, Frank Hardisty, Chris E. Weaver:
Cognitive Invariants of Geographic Event Conceptualization: What Matters and What Refines? GIScience 2010: 130-144 - [c21]Xiao Zhang, Prasenjit Mitra, Alexander Klippel, Alan M. MacEachren:
Automatic Extraction of Destinations, Origins and Route Parts from Human Generated Route Directions. GIScience 2010: 279-294 - [c20]Zia Ul-Qayyum, Anthony G. Cohn, Alexander Klippel:
Psychophysical Evaluation for a Qualitative Semantic Image Categorisation and Retrieval Approach. IEA/AIE (3) 2010: 321-330
2000 – 2009
- 2009
- [j8]Alexander Klippel, Frank Hardisty, Rui Li, Chris E. Weaver:
Colour-Enhanced Star Plot Glyphs: Can Salient Shape Characteristics Be Overcome? Cartogr. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Geovisualization 44(3): 217-231 (2009) - [j7]Alexander Klippel:
Human factors in GIScience laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University. Cogn. Process. 10(2): 175-183 (2009) - [j6]Alexander Klippel, Stefan Hansen, Kai-Florian Richter, Stephan Winter:
Urban granularities - a data structure for cognitively ergonomic route directions. GeoInformatica 13(2): 223-247 (2009) - [j5]Alexander Klippel:
Topologically Characterized Movement Patterns: A Cognitive Assessment. Spatial Cogn. Comput. 9(4): 233-261 (2009) - [c19]Alexander Klippel, Rui Li:
The Endpoint Hypothesis: A Topological-Cognitive Assessment of Geographic Scale Movement Patterns. COSIT 2009: 177-194 - [c18]Xiao Zhang, Prasenjit Mitra, Sen Xu, Anuj R. Jaiswal, Alexander Klippel, Alan M. MacEachren:
Extracting Route Directions from Web Pages. WebDB 2009 - 2008
- [j4]Alexander Klippel, Michael F. Worboys, Matt Duckham:
Identifying factors of geographic event conceptualisation. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 22(2): 183-204 (2008) - 2007
- [c17]Bernhard Hommel, Alexander Klippel:
Embodying Spatial Maps. AAAI Spring Symposium: Control Mechanisms for Spatial Knowledge Processing in Cognitive / Intelligent Systems 2007: 29-34 - [c16]Alexander Klippel, Daniel R. Montello:
Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Turn Direction Concepts. COSIT 2007: 354-372 - 2006
- [c15]Stefan Hansen, Kai-Florian Richter, Alexander Klippel:
Landmarks in OpenLS - A Data Structure for Cognitive Ergonomic Route Directions. GIScience 2006: 128-144 - [c14]Shazia Haque, Lars Kulik, Alexander Klippel:
Algorithms for Reliable Navigation and Wayfinding. Spatial Cognition 2006: 308-326 - [c13]Kai-Florian Richter, Alexander Klippel:
Before or After: Prepositions in Spatially Constrained Systems. Spatial Cognition 2006: 453-469 - 2005
- [j3]Alexander Klippel, Heike Tappe, Lars Kulik, Paul U. Lee:
Wayfinding choremes - a language for modeling conceptual route knowledge. J. Vis. Lang. Comput. 16(4): 311-329 (2005) - [c12]Paul U. Lee, Alexander Klippel:
Dynamic Aspects of Spatial Information in Air Traffic Controller Displays. AAAI Spring Symposium: Reasoning with Mental and External Diagrams: Computational Modeling and Spatial Assistance 2005: 18-23 - [c11]Alexander Klippel, Paul U. Lee, Sara Irina Fabrikant, Daniel R. Montello, John A. Bateman:
The Cognitive Conceptual Approach as a Leitmotif for Map Design. AAAI Spring Symposium: Reasoning with Mental and External Diagrams: Computational Modeling and Spatial Assistance 2005: 90-95 - [c10]Alexander Klippel, Stephan Winter:
Structural Salience of Landmarks for Route Directions. COSIT 2005: 347-362 - [c9]Alexander Klippel, Kai-Florian Richter, Stefan Hansen:
Wayfinding Choreme Maps. VISUAL 2005: 94-108 - [i1]Christian Freksa, Alexander Klippel, Stephan Winter:
A Cognitive Perspective on Spatial Context. Spatial Cognition: Specialization and Integration 2005 - 2004
- [j2]Alexander Klippel:
Wayfinding choremes - conceptualizing wayfinding and route direction elements. Künstliche Intell. 18(1): 63- (2004) - [c8]Kai-Florian Richter, Alexander Klippel:
A Model for Context-Specific Route Directions. Spatial Cognition 2004: 58-78 - [c7]Alexander Klippel, Lothar Knuf, Bernhard Hommel, Christian Freksa:
Perceptually Induced Distortions in Cognitive Maps. Spatial Cognition 2004: 204-213 - 2003
- [b1]Alexander Klippel:
Wayfinding choremes: conceptualizing wayfinding and route direction elements. University of Bremen, 2003, ISBN 3-88722-590-2, pp. 1-195 - [c6]Alexander Klippel:
Wayfinding Choremes. COSIT 2003: 301-315 - [c5]Paul U. Lee, Alexander Klippel, Heike Tappe:
The Effect of Motion in Graphical User Interfaces. Smart Graphics 2003: 12-21 - [c4]Alexander Klippel, Heike Tappe, Christopher Habel:
Pictorial Representations of Routes: Chunking Route Segments during Comprehension. Spatial Cognition 2003: 11-33 - 2002
- [j1]Paul U. Lee, Heike Tappe, Alexander Klippel:
Acquisition of Landmark Knowledge from Static and Dynamic Presentation of Route Maps. Künstliche Intell. 16(4): 32-34 (2002) - 2000
- [c3]Alexander Klippel, Lars Kulik:
Using Grids in Maps. Diagrams 2000: 486-489 - [c2]Hernan Casakin, Thomas Barkowsky, Alexander Klippel, Christian Freksa:
Schematic Maps as Wayfinding Aids. Spatial Cognition 2000: 54-71
1990 – 1999
- 1999
- [c1]Lars Kulik, Alexander Klippel:
Reasoning about Cardinal Directions Using Grids as Qualitative Geographic Coordinates. COSIT 1999: 205-220
Coauthor Index
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