Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/1186562.1015783acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagessiggraphConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

Eyes for relighting

Published: 01 August 2004 Publication History

Abstract

The combination of the cornea of an eye and a camera viewing the eye form a catadioptric (mirror + lens) imaging system with a very wide field of view. We present a detailed analysis of the characteristics of this corneal imaging system. Anatomical studies have shown that the shape of a normal cornea (without major defects) can be approximated with an ellipsoid of fixed eccentricity and size. Using this shape model, we can determine the geometric parameters of the corneal imaging system from the image. Then, an environment map of the scene with a large field of view can be computed from the image. The environment map represents the illumination of the scene with respect to the eye. This use of an eye as a natural light probe is advantageous in many relighting scenarios. For instance, it enables us to insert virtual objects into an image such that they appear consistent with the illumination of the scene. The eye is a particularly useful probe when relighting faces. It allows us to reconstruct the geometry of a face by simply waving a light source in front of the face. Finally, in the case of an already captured image, eyes could be the only direct means for obtaining illumination information. We show how illumination computed from eyes can be used to replace a face in an image with another one. We believe that the eye not only serves as a useful tool for relighting but also makes relighting possible in situations where current approaches are hard to use.

Supplementary Material

MOV File (pps061.mov)

References

[1]
AGARWAL, S., RAMAMOORTHI, R., BELONGIE, S., AND JENSEN, H. 2003. Structured Importance Sampling of Environment Maps. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 2003, 605--612.
[2]
BAKER, S., AND NAYAR, S. 1999. A Theory of Single-Viewpoint Catadioptric Image Formation. IJCV 35, 2 (Nov.), 1--22.
[3]
BAKER, T. 1943. Ray tracing through non-spherical surfaces. Proc. of The Royal Society of London 55, 361--364.
[4]
BARSKY, B., BARGTEIL, A., GARCIA, D., AND KLEIN, S. 2002. Introducing Vision-Realistic Rendering. In Proc. of EGWR 2002, 1--7.
[5]
BARSKY, B. 2003. Geometry for Analysis of Corneal Shape. In Computational Geometry: Lectures at Morningside Center of Mathematics. Amer Mathematical Society, 33--56.
[6]
BLANZ, V., AND VETTER, T. 1999. A Morphable Model for the Synthesis of 3D Faces. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 99.
[7]
BOIVIN, S., AND GAGALOWICZ, A. 2001. Image-based rendering of diffuse, specular and glossy surfaces from a single image. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 2001, 197--116.
[8]
BOLT, R. 1982. Eyes at the Interface. In Proc. of ACM CHI 82, 360--362.
[9]
BURKHARD, D., AND SHEALY, D. 1973. Flux Density for Ray Propoagation in Gemoetrical Optics. JOSA 63, 3 (Mar.), 299--304.
[10]
CORNBLEET, S. 1984. Microwave and Optical Ray Geometry. John Wiley and Sons.
[11]
DAUGMAN, J. 1993. High Confidence Visual Recognition of Persons by a Test of Statistical Independence. IEEE TPAMI 15, 11 (Nov.), 1148--1161.
[12]
DEBEVEC, P., AND MALIK, J. 1997. Recovering High Dynamic Range Radiance Maps from Photographs. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 97, 369--378.
[13]
DEBEVEC, P., HAWKINS, T., TCHOU, C., DUIKER, H.-P., AND SAROKIN, W. 2000. Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 2000, 145--156.
[14]
DEBEVEC, P. 1998. Rendering Synthetic Objects into Real Scenes: Bridging Traditional and Image-based Graphics with Global Illumination and High Dynamic Range Photography. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 98, 189--198.
[15]
FLOM, L., AND SAFIR, A., 1987. Iris Recognition System. US patent 4,641,349.
[16]
FRANKOT, R., AND CHELLAPPA, R. 1988. A Method for Enforcing Integrability in Shape from Shading Algorithms. IEEE TPAMI 10, 4, 439--451.
[17]
GEORGHIADES, A. 2003. Recovering 3-D Shape and Reflectance From a Small Number of Photographs. In Proc. of EGSR 2003, 230--240.
[18]
HALSTEAD, M., BARSKY, B., KLEIN, S., AND MANDELL, R. 1996. Reconstructing Curved Surfaces From Specular Reflection Patterns Using Spline Surface Fitting of Normals. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 96, 335--342.
[19]
HUTCHINSON, T., WHITE, K., REICHERT, K., AND FREY, L. 1989. Human-computer Interaction using Eye-gaze Input. IEEE TSMC 19 (Nov./Dec.), 1527--1533.
[20]
JACOB, R. 1990. What You Look At is What You Get: Eye Movement-Based Interaction Techniques. In Proc. of ACM CHI 90, 11--18.
[21]
KAUFMAN, P., AND ALM, A., Eds. 2003. Adler's Physiology of the Eye: Clinical Application, 10th ed. Mosby.
[22]
LEFOHN, A., CARUSO, R., REINHARD, E., BUDGE, B., AND SHIRLEY, P. 2003. An Ocularist's Approach to Human Iris Synthesis. IEEE CGA 23, 6 (Nov./Dec.), 70--75.
[23]
LENSCH, H., KAUTZ, J., GOESELE, M., HEIDRICH, W., AND SEIDEL, H.-P. 2001. Image-Based Reconstruction of Spatially Varying Materials. In Proc. of EGWR 2001, 104--115.
[24]
LIN, Z., WONG, T.-T., AND SHUM, H.-Y. 2001. Relighting with the Reflected Irradiance Field: Representation, Sampling and Reconstruction. In Proc. of IEEE CVPR 2001, vol. 1, 561--567.
[25]
MAGDA, S., KRIEGMAN, D., ZICKLER, T., AND BELHUMEUR, P. 2001. Beyond Lambert: Reconstructing Surfaces with Arbitrary BRDFs. In Proc. of IEEE ICCV 01, vol. II, 391--398.
[26]
MARSCHNER, S., AND GREENBERG, D. 1997. Inverse Lighting for Photography. In Proc. of IS&T/SID CIC, 262--265.
[27]
MATUSIK, W., PFISTER, H., NGAN, A., BEARDSLEY, P., ZIEGLER, R., AND MCMILLAN, L. 2002. Image-based 3D Photography using Opacity Hulls. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 2002, 427--437.
[28]
MITSUNAGA, T., AND NAYAR, S. 1999. Radiometric Self Calibration. In Proc. of IEEE CVPR 99, vol. 1, 1374--1380.
[29]
MOSTAFAWY, S., KERMANI, O., AND LUBATSCHOWSKI, H. 1997. Virtual Eye: Retinal Image Visualization of the Human Eye. IEEE CGA 17, 1 (Jan./Feb.), 8--12.
[30]
NAYAR, S., AND MITSUNAGA, T. 2000. High Dynamic Range Imaging: Spatially Varying Pixel Exposures. In Proc. of IEEE CVPR 00, 1472--1479.
[31]
NISHINO, K., AND NAYAR, S. 2004. Corneal imaging system: Environment from eyes. Tech. rep., Dept. of Computer Science, Columbia University. In preparation.
[32]
RAMAMOORTHI, R., AND HANRAHAN, P. 2001. A Signal-Processing Framework for Inverse Rendering. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 2001.
[33]
SAGAR, M., BULLIVANT, D., MALLINSON, G., AND HUNTER, P. 1994. A Virtual Environment and Model of the Eye for Surgical Simulation. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 94, 205--212.
[34]
SATO, Y., WHEELER, M., AND IKEUCHI, K. 1997. Object shape and reflectance modeling from observation. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 97, 379--387.
[35]
SATO, I., SATO, Y., AND IKEUCHI, K. 2003. Illumination from Shadows. IEEE TPAMI 25, 3, 290--300.
[36]
STEIN, C. 1995. Accurate Internal Camera Calibration using Rotation, with Analysis of Sources of Errors. In Proc. of ICCV 95, 230--236.
[37]
SZELISKI, R., AND SHUM, H.-Y. 1997. Creating Full View Panoramic Image Mosaics and Environment Maps. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 97, 251--258.
[38]
TELLER, S., ANTONE, M., BODNER, Z., BOSSE, M., COORG, S., JETHWA, M., AND MASTER, N. 2003. Calibrated, Registered Images of an Extended Urban Area. IJCV 53, 1, 93--107.
[39]
TORRANCE, K., AND SPARROW, E. 1967. Theory for off-specular reflection from roughened surfaces. JOSA, 57, 1105--1114.
[40]
TSUMURA, N., DANG, M., MAKINO, T., AND MIYAKE, Y. 2003. Estimating the Directions to Light Sources Using Images of Eye for Reconstructing 3D Human Face. In Proc. of IS&T/SID's CIC, 77--81.
[41]
VON HELMHOLTZ, H. 1909. Physiologic Optics, third ed., vol. 1 and 2. Voss, Hamburg, Germany.
[42]
WOODHAM, R. 1978. Photometric Stereo: A Reflectance Map Technique for Determining Surface Orientation from a Single View. In Proc. of SPIE, vol. 155, 136--143.
[43]
YAGI, Y., AND YACHIDA, M. 1991. Real-time Generation of Environmental Map and Obstacle Avoidance using Omnidirectional Image Sensor with Conic Mirror. In Proc. of IEEE CVPR 91, 160--165.
[44]
YU, Y., DEBEVEC, P., MALIK, J., AND HAWKINS, T. 1999. Inverse Globall Illumination: Recovering Reflectance Models of Real Scenes From Photographs. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 99, 215--224.

Cited By

View all
  • (2020)PDIF: Pupil Detection After Isolation and FittingIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2020.29730058(30826-30837)Online publication date: 2020
  • (2019)GLEAMProceedings of the 17th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services10.1145/3307334.3326098(142-154)Online publication date: 12-Jun-2019
  • (2018)Towards Fixation Extraction in Corneal Imaging Based Eye Tracking DataExtended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3170427.3188597(1-6)Online publication date: 20-Apr-2018
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
SIGGRAPH '04: ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
August 2004
684 pages
ISBN:9781450378239
DOI:10.1145/1186562
  • Editor:
  • Joe Marks
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 August 2004

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. Eye
  2. Illumination Estimation
  3. Relighting

Qualifiers

  • Article

Conference

SIGGRAPH04
Sponsor:

Acceptance Rates

SIGGRAPH '04 Paper Acceptance Rate 83 of 478 submissions, 17%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 1,822 of 8,601 submissions, 21%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)1
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 04 Oct 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2020)PDIF: Pupil Detection After Isolation and FittingIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2020.29730058(30826-30837)Online publication date: 2020
  • (2019)GLEAMProceedings of the 17th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services10.1145/3307334.3326098(142-154)Online publication date: 12-Jun-2019
  • (2018)Towards Fixation Extraction in Corneal Imaging Based Eye Tracking DataExtended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3170427.3188597(1-6)Online publication date: 20-Apr-2018
  • (2018)hEYEbridProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/31611661:4(1-29)Online publication date: 8-Jan-2018
  • (2018)Faces as Lighting Probes via Unsupervised Deep Highlight ExtractionComputer Vision – ECCV 201810.1007/978-3-030-01240-3_20(321-338)Online publication date: 5-Oct-2018
  • (2017)EyemirrorProceedings of the 16th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia10.1145/3152832.3152839(279-291)Online publication date: 26-Nov-2017
  • (2017)Towards Around-Device Interaction using Corneal ImagingProceedings of the 2017 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces10.1145/3132272.3134127(287-293)Online publication date: 17-Oct-2017
  • (2016)A Survey on Image-Based Approaches of Synthesizing Objects2016 International Conference on Virtual Reality and Visualization (ICVRV)10.1109/ICVRV.2016.50(264-269)Online publication date: Sep-2016
  • (2015)Corneal-Imaging Calibration for Optical See-Through Head-Mounted DisplaysIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2015.239185721:4(481-490)Online publication date: 18-Apr-2015
  • (2015)SparkleVision: Seeing the world through random specular microfacets2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)10.1109/CVPRW.2015.7301369(1-9)Online publication date: Jun-2015
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media