research-article

Open access

Blockchain Censorship

Authors:

Anton Wahrstätter,

Jens Ernstberger,

Sebastian Steinhorst,

Davor Svetinovic,

Nicolas Christin,

Mikolaj Barczentewicz,

Arthur GervaisAuthors Info & Claims

WWW '24: Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024

Pages 1632 - 1643

https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645431

Published: 13 May 2024 Publication History

Abstract

Permissionless blockchains promise resilience against censorship by a single entity. This suggests that deterministic rules, not third-party actors, decide whether a transaction is appended to the blockchain. In 2022, the U.S. ØFAC sanctioned a Bitcoin mixer and an Ethereum application, challenging the neutrality of permissionless blockchains.

In this paper, we formalize, quantify, and analyze the security impact of blockchain censorship. We start by defining censorship, followed by a quantitative assessment of current censorship practices. We find that 46% of Ethereum blocks were made by censoring actors complying with OFAC sanctions, indicating the significant impact of OFAC sanctions on the neutrality of public blockchains.

We discover that censorship affects not only neutrality but also security. After Ethereum's transition to ¶oS, censored transactions faced an average delay of 85%, compromising their security and strengthening sandwich adversaries.

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Index Terms

Blockchain Censorship
1. General and reference
  1. Cross-computing tools and techniques
    1. Empirical studies
    2. Measurement

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cover image ACM Conferences

WWW '24: Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024

May 2024

4826 pages

ISBN:9798400701719

DOI:10.1145/3589334

General Chairs:
Tat-Seng Chua
National University of Singapore
,
Chong-Wah Ngo
Singapore Management University
,
Proceedings Chair:
Roy Ka-Wei Lee
Singapore University of Technology and Design
,
Program Chairs:
Ravi Kumar
Google
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Hady W. Lauw
Singapore Management University

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