Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
article

Investigating Factors Inhibiting e-Government Adoption in Developing Countries: The Context of Pakistan

Published: 01 October 2013 Publication History

Abstract

Researchers in the discipline of electronic government e-Government have historically presented several factors impeding the adoption and implementation of these systems. This paper is uniquely aimed at investigating the factors inhibiting e-Government adoption in a developing country-Pakistan. The literature indicates that the move towards integrated service provision and transactional e-Government is considered as an immense challenge for developing countries as compared to developed regions. Moreover, the progress towards realising the full potential of e-Government using digital technologies to improve public services and government-citizen engagements has been slower and less effective in the developing countries. Pakistan, over many years, has experienced similar lethargic e-Government growth due to economic and political instability, poor governance and deteriorating government institutions. Thus, the ever increasingly weakening state of government structures in Pakistan calls for the need to deliver end-to-end 'joined-up' public services to key stakeholders i.e. citizens, businesses, government employees and other government agencies. The contribution of this research is twofold-firstly, identifying factors inhibiting e-Government adoption in Pakistan-here the focus is to identify the significant problems of meeting demands which are attributed to several issues within organisational, strategic, technological, political, operational, stakeholders and social structures. Secondly, the authors propose an achievable approach to enacting e-Government enabled delivery of services. The conceptual findings, as noted, are validated through qualitative based research in the context of Pakistan government organisations.

References

[1]
Abbasi, A. 2012 Rs 8,500 billion corruption mars PPP tenure. The News. Retrieved April 2, 2012, from http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-34007-Rs-8,500-bn-corruption-mars-PPP-tenure
[2]
Ahmad, M. O., Markkula, J., & Oivo, M. 2012. Factors influencing the adoption of e-government services in Pakistan. In Proceedings of the 9th European, Mediterranean & Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, Munich, Germany.
[3]
Ahmed, M. 2001. Success and failure in e-Government projects. Retrieved January 13, 2012 from http://www.egov4dev.org/success/case/nadra.shtml
[4]
Alsawafi, A., & Sridhar, S. 2003. e-Governance technologies for enabling trust in citizen relation management CRM. In Symposium on E-government: Opportunities and Challenges, Muscat, Oman.
[5]
Arif, S., Cartier, W., Golda, A., & Nayyar-Stone, R. 2010. The local government system in Pakistan: Citizens perceptions and preferences. IDG Working Paper No. 2010-02.
[6]
Behzadi, H., Isfandyari-Moghaddam, A., & Sanji, M. 2012. e-Government portals: A knowledge management study. The Electronic Library, 301, 89-102.
[7]
Beynon-Davies, P. 2005. Constructing electronic government: The case of the UK inland revenue. International Journal of Information Management, 251, 3-20.
[8]
Beynon-Davies, P. 2007. Models for e-government. Transforming Government: People . Process and Policy, 11, 7-28.
[9]
Beynon-Davies, P., & Martin, S. 2010. Electronic local government and the modernisation agenda: Progress and prospects for public service improvement. Local Government Studies, 302, 214-229.
[10]
Beynon-Davies, P., & Williams, M. D. 2003. Evaluating electronic local government in the UK . Journal of Information Technology, 18, 137-149.
[11]
Bhatnagar, S. 2004. e-Government: From vision to implementation - A practical guide with case studes. Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd.
[12]
Bhatnagar, S., & Vyas, N. 2001. Gyandoot: Community-owned rural Intranet kiosks. E-Government Case Studies. Washington, DC: World Bank. Retrieved July 1, 2012, from www.worldbank.org/publicsector/egov/gyandootcs.htm
[13]
Bigdeli, A. Z., Kamal, M. M., & de Cesare, S. 2011. Inter-organisational electronic information sharing in local G2G Settings: A socio-technical issue. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems, Helsinki, Finland.
[14]
Brock, E. 2009. Internet tools aid economic planning. Retrieved from www.americancityandcounty.com
[15]
Bui, T. X., Sankaran, S., & Sebastian, I. M. 2003. A framework for measuring national e-readiness. International Journal of Electronic Business, 11, 3-22.
[16]
Burrow, J. L., Kleindle, B., & Everard, K. E. 2007. Business principles and management 12th ed. Cengage Learning.
[17]
Bwalya, K. J. 2009. Factors affecting adoption of e-government in Zambia. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 384, 1-13.
[18]
Cardona, D. 2006. The connectivity agenda five years of success in Colombian e-gov initiatives. Artículo de investigación científica y tecnológica clasificación Publindex, 511, 142-162.
[19]
Cavaye, A. L. M. 1996. Case study research: A multifacted research approach for IS. Information Systems Journal, 63, 227-242.
[20]
Chan, C. M. L., Lau, Y. M., & Pan, S. L. 2008. e-Government implementation: A macro analysis of Singapore's e-government initiatives? Government Information Quarterly, 172, 124-139.
[21]
Cheema, A., & Mohmand, S. K. 2003. Local government reforms in Pakistan: Legitimising centralization or a driver for pro-poor change? In Proceedings of the "Pakistan Drivers of Pro-Poor Change Study conducted by Institute of Development Studies UK, Collective for Social Science Research, Karachi. DFID, UK.
[22]
Chen, C. W., Pan, S. L., & Huang, W. 2009. Managing e-government implementation in China: A process perspective. Information & Management, 464, 203-212.
[23]
Chen, Y. N., Chen, H. M., Huang, W., & Ching, R. K. H. 2006. e-Government strategies in developed and developing countries: An implementation framework and case study. Journal of Global Information Management, 141, 23-46.
[24]
Chun, S. A., Luna-Reyes, L. F., & Sandoval-Almazáán, R. 2012. Collaborative e-government. Transforming Government: People . Process and Policy, 61, 5-12.
[25]
Clarkson, M. B. E. 1995. A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 201, 92-117.
[26]
Dada, D. 2006. e-Readiness for developing countries: Moving the focus from the environment to the users. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 276, 1-14.
[27]
Fardal, H. 2007. ICT strategy in an ICT user perspective: Exploring alignment between ICT users and managers. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 4, 661-673.
[28]
Flak, L. S., & Nordheim, S. 2006. Stakeholders, contradictions and salience: An empirical study of a Norwegian G2G effort. In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
[29]
Freeman, C., & Soete, L. 1994. Work for all or mass unemployment? Computerized technical change into the twenty-first century. London: Printer.
[30]
Freeman, R. E. 1984. Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston, MA: Pitman.
[31]
Ghias, S. A. 2010. Miscarriage of chief justice: Judicial power and the legal complex in Pakistan under Musharraf. Law & Social Inquiry, 354, 985-1022.
[32]
Gil-García, J. R., & Pardo, T. A. 2005. e-Government success factors: Mapping practical tools to theoretical foundations. Government Information Quarterly, 221, 187-216.
[33]
Granados, E., & Masilungan, M. E. 2001. Philippines pilot e-procurement system. World Bank. Retrieved July 15, 2012, from http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/egov/philippines_eproc.html
[34]
Grant, G., & Chau, D. 2005. Developing a generic framework for e-government. Journal of Global Information Management, 131, 1-30.
[35]
Guanghua, L. 2009. e-Government, people, and social change: A case study in China. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 383, 1-23.
[36]
Heeks, R. 2003. Understanding e-Government project trajectories from an actor-network perspective. European Journal of Information Systems, 162, 165-177.
[37]
Heeks, R. 2006. Implementing and managing e-government: An international text. London, UK: Sage Publication.
[38]
Huff, T. E. 2001. Globalization and the Internet: Comparing the Middle Eastern and Malaysian experiences. The Middle East Journal, 31, 439-459.
[39]
Husain, I. 2009. Pakistan & Afghanistan: Domestic pressures and regional threats: The role of politics in Pakistan's economy. Journal of International Affairs, 631, 1-18.
[40]
Hussain, F., & Riaz, R. 2006. Corruption in major institutions of Pakistan. The Journal of Commerce, 41, 62-71.
[41]
Hussein, R., Mohamed, N., Ahlan, A. R., & Mahmud, M. 2011. e-Government application: An integrated model on G2C adoption of online tax. Transforming Government: People . Process and Policy, 53, 225-248.
[42]
Irani, Z., Love, P. E. D., & Jones, S. 2008. Learning lessons from evaluating e-Government: Reflective case experiences that support transformational government. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 172, 155-164.
[43]
Islam, N. 1990. Colonial legacy, administrative reform and politics: Pakistan 1947-87. New York, NY: Greenwood Press.
[44]
Islam, N. 2001. Democracy and governance in Pakistan's fragmented society. International Journal of Public Administration, 2412, 1335.
[45]
Islam, N. 2004. Sifarish, sycophants, power and collectivism: Administrative culture in Pakistan. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 702, 311-330.
[46]
Jaeger, P. T., & Thompson, K. M. 2003. E-government around the world: Lessons, challenges, and future directions. Government Information Quarterly, 20, 389-394.
[47]
Jankowicz, A. D. 2000. Business research project. London, UK: Business Press.
[48]
Janssen, M., & Wagenaar, R. 2003. Customer relationship management in e-government: A Dutch survey. In Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on E-Government, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland pp. 227-238.
[49]
Janssen, M., Weerakkody, V., & Kamal, M. M. 2012. Shared services as a collaboration strategy and arrangement in public service networks. In Proceedings of the 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
[50]
Kamal, M. M., Themistocleous, M., & Morabito, V. 2009. Justifying the decisions for EAI adoption in LGAs: A validated proposition of factors, adoption lifecycle phases, mapping and prioritisation of factors. In Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hilton Kaikoloa Village Resort, HI pp. 1-10.
[51]
Kamal, M. M., Weerakkody, V., & Irani, Z. 2010. Attitudinal and behavioural determinants influencing decision makers when adopting integration technologies in local government. In Proceedings of the 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, The Grand Hyatt Kauai Resort & Spa, Koloa, Kauai, HI.
[52]
Kamal, M. M., Weerakkody, V., & Irani, Z. 2011. Analysing the role of stakeholders in the adoption of technology integration solutions in UK local government: An exploratory study. Government Information Quarterly, 282, 200-210.
[53]
Kamal, M. M., Weerakkody, V., & Jones, S. 2009. The case of enterprise application integration in facilitating e-government services in a Welsh authority. International Journal of Information Management, 292, 161-165.
[54]
Kayani, M. B., Haq, M. E., Perwez, M. R., & Humayun, H. 2011. Analyzing barriers in e-Government implementation in Pakistan. International Journal for Infonomics, 43, 494-500.
[55]
Kazmi, S. N. A. 2010. Factors influencing e-governance implementation: Issues and challenges in Pakistan pp. 326-331.
[56]
Kennedy, C. 1985. Prestige of services and Bhutto's administrative reforms in Pakistan, 1973-84 . Asian Affairs, 123, 25-42.
[57]
Kenny, G. 2001. Strategic factors: Develop and measure wining strategy. President Press.
[58]
Khan, F., Khan, S., & Bin Zhang 2010. e-Government challenges in developing countries: A case study of Pakistan. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Management of e-Commerce and e-Government ICMeCG.
[59]
Lam, W. 2005a. Investigating success factors in enterprise application integration: a case driven analysis. European Journal of Information Systems, 142, 175-187.
[60]
Lam, W. 2005b. Barriers to e-government integration. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 185, 511-530.
[61]
Laudon, K. C., & Trevor, C. G. 2008. E-commerce: Business, technology, society 4th ed. Boston, MA: Addison Wesley.
[62]
Maluf, D., & Bell, D. 2005. Towards G2G: Systems of technology database systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference.
[63]
Mehrtens, J., Cragg, P. B., & Mills, A. M. 2001. A model of internet adoption by SMEs. Information & Management, 39, 165-176.
[64]
Miles, M., & Huberman, A. 1994. Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
[65]
Mofleh, S., Wanous, M., & Strachan, P. 2008. The gap between citizens and e-Government projects: The case for Jordan. Electronic Government: An International Journal EG, 53.
[66]
Ndou, V. 2004. e-Government for developing countries: Opportunities and challenges. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 181, 1-24.
[67]
Ngai, E. W. T., Law, C. C. H., & Wat, F. K. T. 2008. Examining the critical success factors in the adoption of enterprise resource planning. Computers in Industry, 596, 548-564.
[68]
Nutt, P. C., & Backo, R. W. 1992. The strategic management of public and third sector organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
[69]
Pan, S. L., & Tan, B. 2011. Demystifying case research: A structured-pragmatic-situational SPS approach to conducting case studies. Information and Organization, 213, 161-176.
[70]
Peristeras, V., Mentzas, G., Tarabanis, K. A., & Abecker, A. 2009. Transforming e-government and e-participation through IT. Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 245, 14-19.
[71]
Porrua, M., Rinne, J., & Serrano, A. 2001. Colombia's government portal, World Bank. Retrieved October 13, 2012, from http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/egov/colombiaportal_cs.htm
[72]
Porter, M. E. 1985. Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York, NY: Free Press.
[73]
Qaiser, N., & Khan, H. G. A. 2010. e-Government challenges in public sector. International Journal of Computer Science, 75, 310-317.
[74]
Reddick, C. G. 2009. Factors that explain the perceived effectiveness of e-government: A survey of United States city government information technology directors. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 52, 1-15.
[75]
Rehman, M., & Esichaikul, V. 2010. Factors for the adoption of e-government services. In Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on E-Government ECEG, Ireland pp. 567-574.
[76]
Rehman, M., Esichaikul, V., & Kamal, M. M. 2012. Factors influencing e-governemnt adoption in Pakistan. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 63.
[77]
Sang, S., Lee, J. D., & Lee, J. 2009. e-Government adoption in ASEAN: The case of Cambodia. Internet Research, 195, 517-534.
[78]
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. 2000. Research methods for business students. Essex, UK: Pearson Education Ltd.
[79]
Scholl, H. J. J., & Klischewski, R. 2007. E-government integration and interoperability: Framing the research agenda. International Journal of Public Administration, 308, 889-920.
[80]
Shajari, M., & Ismail, Z. 2010. A comprehensive adoption model of e-Government services in developing countries. IEEE, 548.
[81]
Shum, P., Bove, L., & Auh, S. 2008. Employees; affective commitment to change: The key to successful CRM implementation. European Journal of Marketing, 4211/12, 1346-1371.
[82]
Srivastava, S. C., & Teo, T. S. H. 2008. Citizen trust development for e-government adoption and usage: Insights from young adults in Singapore. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2531, 359-378.
[83]
Teicher, J., & Dow, N. 2002. e-Government in Australia: Promise and progress. Information Politics, 7, 231-246.
[84]
Torres, L., Pina, V., & Acerete, B. 2006. e-Governance developments in European Union cities: Reshaping government's relationship with citizens. Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions, 192, 277-302.
[85]
Transparency International Pakistan. 2012. Loss is not Rs 8.5 trillion, it is almost Rs20 trillion. Retrieved from http://www.transparency.org.pk/news/newsdetail.php?nid=5606
[86]
Turnbull, S. 1997. Stakeholder co-operation. Journal of Co-operative Studies, 293, 18-52.
[87]
United Nations. 2010. UN e-government survey. Retrieved January 13, 2010, from http://www2.unpan.org/egovkb/profilecountry.aspx?ID=128
[88]
United Nations Development Programme. 2011. United Nations human development programme report.
[89]
Weerakkody, V., & Dhillon, G. 2008. Moving from e-government to t-government: A study of process reengineering challenges in a UK local authority context. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 44, 1-16.
[90]
Weerakkody, V., Jones, S., & Olsen, E. 2007. E-government: A comparison of strategies in local authorities in the UK and Norway. International Journal of Electronic Business, 5, 141-159.
[91]
West, D. M. 2008. Improving technology utilization in electronic government around the world. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
[92]
World Bank. 2012. Country data report for Pakistan, 1996-2010.
[93]
Yaghoubi, N. M., Kord, B., & Shakeri, R. 2010. e-Government services and user acceptance: The unified model's perspective. European Journal of Economics . Finance and Administrative Sciences, 24, 36-49.
[94]
Yin, R. K. 1994. Case study research design and methods. London, UK: Sage.
[95]
Yin, R. K. 2003. Case study research: Design and methods 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Cited By

View all

Index Terms

  1. Investigating Factors Inhibiting e-Government Adoption in Developing Countries: The Context of Pakistan
    Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image Journal of Global Information Management
    Journal of Global Information Management  Volume 21, Issue 4
    October 2013
    142 pages

    Publisher

    IGI Global

    United States

    Publication History

    Published: 01 October 2013

    Author Tags

    1. E-Government
    2. Factors
    3. Inhibitors
    4. Integrated Infrastructure
    5. Local Government
    6. Pakistan

    Qualifiers

    • Article

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
    Reflects downloads up to 03 Oct 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2019)Determinants of master data management adoption by local government organizationsInternational Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.10.00745:C(25-43)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2019
    • (2018)Determinants of Mobile Banking AdoptionJournal of Global Information Management10.4018/JGIM.201810010926:4(158-184)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2018
    • (2018)Social Media Usage in E-GovernmentJournal of Global Information Management10.4018/JGIM.201801010126:1(1-19)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2018
    • (2016)Corruption as a source of e-Government projects failure in developing countriesInternational Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.10.00536:1(105-112)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2016

    View Options

    View options

    Get Access

    Login options

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media