article

Generalizing parametric timing analysis

Authors:

Joel Coffman,

Christopher Healy,

Frank Mueller,

David WhalleyAuthors Info & Claims

ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 42, Issue 7

Pages 152 - 154

https://doi.org/10.1145/1273444.1254795

Published: 13 June 2007 Publication History

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Abstract

In the design of real-time and embedded systems, it is important to establish a bound on the worst-case execution time (WCET) of programs to assure via schedulability analysis that deadlines are not missed. Static WCET analysis is performed by a timing analysis tool. This paper describes novel improvements to such a tool, allowing parametric timing analysis to be performed. Parametric timing analyzers receive an upper bound on the number of loop iterations in terms of an expression which is used to create a parametric formula. This parametric formula is later evaluated to determine the WCET based on input values only known at runtime. Effecting a transformation from a numeric to a parametric timing analyzer requires two innovations: 1) a summation solver capable of summation non-constant expressions and 2) a polynomial data structure which can replace integers as the basis for all calculations. Both additions permit other methods of analysis (e.g. caching, pipeline, constraint) to occur simultaneously. Combining these techniques allows our tool to statically bound the WCET for a larger class of benchmarks.

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Cited By

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Grebant SBallabriga CForget JLipari G(2024)Parametric WCET as a function of procedure argumentsJournal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103086148:COnline publication date: 1-Mar-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103086
Grebant SBallabriga CForget JLipari G(2023)WCET analysis with procedure arguments as parametersProceedings of the 31st International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems10.1145/3575757.3593655(11-22)Online publication date: 7-Jun-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3575757.3593655
Meng FSu XQu Z(2016)Nonlinear approach for estimating WCET during programming phaseCluster Computing10.1007/s10586-016-0606-519:3(1449-1459)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s10586-016-0606-5
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Index Terms

Generalizing parametric timing analysis
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Embedded and cyber-physical systems
  2. Real-time systems

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Published In

ACM SIGPLAN Notices Volume 42, Issue 7

Proceedings of the 2007 LCTES conference

July 2007

241 pages

ISSN:0362-1340

EISSN:1558-1160

DOI:10.1145/1273444

Issue’s Table of Contents

LCTES '07: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
June 2007
258 pages
ISBN:9781595936325
DOI:10.1145/1254766
General Chair:
Santosh Pande
Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
,
Program Chair:
Zhiyuan Li
Purdue University, USA

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 13 June 2007

Published in SIGPLAN Volume 42, Issue 7

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Cited By

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Grebant SBallabriga CForget JLipari G(2024)Parametric WCET as a function of procedure argumentsJournal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103086148:COnline publication date: 1-Mar-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103086
Grebant SBallabriga CForget JLipari G(2023)WCET analysis with procedure arguments as parametersProceedings of the 31st International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems10.1145/3575757.3593655(11-22)Online publication date: 7-Jun-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3575757.3593655
Meng FSu XQu Z(2016)Nonlinear approach for estimating WCET during programming phaseCluster Computing10.1007/s10586-016-0606-519:3(1449-1459)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s10586-016-0606-5
Shin WKim TKim DChang C(2011)Parametric Software MetricSoftware Engineering and Computer Systems10.1007/978-3-642-22203-0_23(266-273)Online publication date: 2011
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22203-0_23
Marref A(2010)Compositional timing analysis2010 International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling and Simulation10.1109/ICSAMOS.2010.5642071(144-151)Online publication date: Jul-2010
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAMOS.2010.5642071
Balszun MGeier MChakraborty S(2020)Predictable Vision for Autonomous Systems2020 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC)10.1109/ISORC49007.2020.00025(116-123)Online publication date: May-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC49007.2020.00025
Reineke JDoerfert J(2014)Architecture-parametric timing analysis2014 IEEE 19th Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)10.1109/RTAS.2014.6926002(189-200)Online publication date: Apr-2014
https://doi.org/10.1109/RTAS.2014.6926002
Yoo JLee JHong S(2013)Petri Net-Based FTL Architecture for Parametric WCET Estimation via FTL Operation Sequence DerivationIEEE Transactions on Computers10.1109/TC.2012.11462:11(2238-2251)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2013
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TC.2012.114
De Michiel MBonenfan ACassé H(2012)Normalisation of Loops with Covariant VariablesElectronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)10.1016/j.entcs.2012.11.005289(41-51)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2012
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.entcs.2012.11.005
Althaus EAltmeyer SNaujoks R(2011)Precise and efficient parametric path analysisACM SIGPLAN Notices10.1145/2016603.196769746:5(141-150)Online publication date: 11-Apr-2011
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