Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/3613904.3642302acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageschiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Building an Ethics-Focused Action Plan: Roles, Process Moves, and Trajectories

Published: 11 May 2024 Publication History

Abstract

Design and technology practitioners are increasingly aware of the ethical impact of their work practices, desiring tools to support their ethical awareness across a range of contexts. In this paper, we report on findings from a series of six co-creation workshops with 26 technology and design practitioners that supported their creation of a bespoke ethics-focused action plan. Using a qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis approach, we identified a range of roles and process moves that practitioners and design students with professional experience employed and illustrate the interplay of these elements that impacted the creation of their action plan and revealed aspects of their ethical design complexity. We conclude with implications for supporting ethics in socio-technical practice and opportunities for the further development of methods that support ethical engagement and are resonant with the realities of practice.

Supplemental Material

MP4 File - Video Presentation
Video Presentation
Transcript for: Video Presentation
PDF File - Building blocks created for the workshop
A PDF file including a visual summary of all method building blocks we extracted for this study, including their relationship to the original design methods.
PDF File - Co-creation workshop environment
A PDF file depicting the Miro environment where participants engaged in co-creation activities across multiple "floors."
PDF File - Co-creation workshop protocol
A PDF file describing the activities and structure of the co-creation workshop.

References

[1]
2023. Ethics washing. https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/explore-engage/key-terms/ethics-washing
[2]
Alyse Marie Allred and Colin M Gray. 2021. “Be Gay, Do Crimes”: The Co-Production and Activist Potential of Contemporary Fanzines. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (2021), Article 376. https://doi.org/10.1145/3479520
[3]
Saleema Amershi, Dan Weld, Mihaela Vorvoreanu, Adam Fourney, Besmira Nushi, Penny Collisson, Jina Suh, Shamsi Iqbal, Paul N Bennett, Kori Inkpen, Jaime Teevan, Ruth Kikin-Gil, and Eric Horvitz. 2019. Guidelines for Human-AI Interaction. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19, Paper 3). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300233
[4]
Stephanie Ballard, Karen M Chappell, and Kristen Kennedy. 2019. Judgment call the game: Using value sensitive design and design fiction to surface ethical concerns related to technology. In Proceedings of the 2019 on Designing Interactive Systems Conference. 421–433.
[5]
Jeffrey Bardzell, Shaowen Bardzell, and Austin Toombs. 2014. “Now That’s Definitely a Proper Hack”: Self-made Tools in Hackerspaces. In Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI ’14 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) (CHI ’14). ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 473–476. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557221
[6]
Michael Mose Biskjaer and Kim Halskov. 2014. Decisive constraints as a creative resource in interaction design. Digital Creativity 25, 1 (Jan. 2014), 27–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/14626268.2013.855239
[7]
Kerstin Bongard-Blanchy, Arianna Rossi, Salvador Rivas, Sophie Doublet, Vincent Koenig, and Gabriele Lenzini. 2021. ”I am Definitely Manipulated, Even When I am Aware of it. It’s Ridiculous!” - Dark Patterns from the End-User Perspective. In Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021 (Virtual Event USA) (DIS ’21, Vol. 1). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 763–776. https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462086
[8]
Karen L Boyd and Katie Shilton. 2021. Adapting Ethical Sensitivity as a Construct to Study Technology Design Teams. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5, GROUP (July 2021), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1145/3463929
[9]
Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2021. Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. SAGE. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=eMArEAAAQBAJ
[10]
Margaret Burnett, Simone Stumpf, Jamie Macbeth, Stephann Makri, Laura Beckwith, Irwin Kwan, Anicia Peters, and William Jernigan. 2016. GenderMag: A Method for Evaluating Software’s Gender Inclusiveness. Interacting with computers 28, 6 (Oct. 2016), 760–787. https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwv046
[11]
Peter Buwert. 2018. Examining the Professional Codes of Design Organisations. In Proceedings of the Design Research Society. https://doi.org/10.21606/dma.2017.493
[12]
Phil F Carspecken. 1996. Critical ethnography in educational research: A theoretical and practical guide. Routledge, New York.
[13]
Shruthi Sai Chivukula, Aiza Hasib, Ziqing Li, Jingle Chen, and Colin M Gray. 2021. Identity Claims that Underlie Ethical Awareness and Action. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI’21). https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445375
[14]
Shruthi Sai Chivukula, Aiza Hasib, Ziqing Li, Jingle Chen, and Colin M Gray. 2021. Identity Claims that Underlie Ethical Awareness and Action. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI’21). https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445375
[15]
Shruthi Sai Chivukula, Ziqing Li, Anne C Pivonka, Jingning Chen, and Colin M Gray. 2022. Surveying the Landscape of Ethics-Focused Design Methods. (Aug. 2022). arxiv:2102.08909v2 [cs.HC] http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.08909v2
[16]
Shruthi Sai Chivukula, Chris Rhys Watkins, Rhea Manocha, Jingle Chen, and Colin M Gray. 2020. Dimensions of UX Practice that Shape Ethical Awareness. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376459
[17]
Mathieu d’Aquin, Pinelopi Troullinou, Noel E O’Connor, Aindrias Cullen, Gráinne Faller, and Louise Holden. 2018. Towards an Ethics by Design Methodology for AI Research Projects. In Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. 54–59. https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3278765
[18]
Luciana Debs, Colin M Gray, and Paul A Asunda. 2022. Students’ perceptions and reasoning patterns about the ethics of emerging technology. International Journal of Technology and Design Education (Jan. 2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-021-09719-w
[19]
Christian Dindler, Peter Gall Krogh, Kasper Tikær, and Peter Nørregård. 2022. Engagements and articulations of ethics in design practice. (2022). https://doi.org/10.57698/V16I2.04
[20]
Kees Dorst. 2015. Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation 1, 1 (Jan. 2015), 22–33. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405872615300241
[21]
Chris Elsden, David Chatting, Abigail C Durrant, Andrew Garbett, Bettina Nissen, John Vines, and David S Kirk. 2017. On Speculative Enactments. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 5386–5399. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025503
[22]
Mary Flanagan and Helen Nissenbaum. 2014. Values at Play in Digital Games. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. https://market.android.com/details?id=book-iIYRBAAAQBAJ
[23]
Grant A Fore and Justin L Hess. 2019. Operationalizing Ethical Becoming as a Theoretical Framework for Teaching Engineering Design Ethics. Science and engineering ethics (Nov. 2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00160-w
[24]
Christopher Frauenberger, Marjo Rauhala, and Geraldine Fitzpatrick. 2017. In-Action Ethics. Interacting with computers 29, 2 (March 2017), 220–236. https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iww024
[25]
Batya Friedman and David G Hendry. 2019. Value Sensitive Design: Shaping Technology with Moral Imagination. MIT Press. https://market.android.com/details?id=book-C4FruwEACAAJ
[26]
Batya Friedman, David G Hendry, and Alan Borning. 2017. A Survey of Value Sensitive Design Methods. Now Publishers. https://market.android.com/details?id=book-pW8etAEACAAJ
[27]
Ajit G. Pillai, A Baki Kocaballi, Tuck Wah Leong, Rafael A. Calvo, Nassim Parvin, Katie Shilton, Jenny Waycott, Casey Fiesler, John C. Havens, and Naseem Ahmadpour. 2021. Co-designing Resources for Ethics Education in HCI. In Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3441349
[28]
Kilian Gericke, Claudia Eckert, Felician Campean, P John Clarkson, Elias Flening, Ola Isaksson, Timos Kipouros, Michael Kokkolaras, Christian Köhler, Massimo Panarotto, and Miriam Wilmsen. 2020. Supporting designers: moving from method menagerie to method ecosystem. Design Science 6 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1017/dsj.2020.21
[29]
Jet Gispen. 2017. Ethical Contract. https://www.ethicsfordesigners.com/ethical-contract.
[30]
Elizabeth Goodman, Erik Stolterman, and Ron Wakkary. 2011. Understanding Interaction Design Practices. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (CHI ’11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1061–1070. https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979100
[31]
Colin M Gray. 2016. It’s More of a Mindset Than a Method: UX Practitioners’ Conception of Design Methods. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Santa Clara, California, USA). ACM, New York, New York, USA, 4044–4055. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858410
[32]
Colin M Gray. 2022. Languaging design methods. Design Studies 78 (Jan. 2022), 101076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2021.101076
[33]
Colin M Gray and Elizabeth Boling. 2017. Designers’ Articulation and Activation of Instrumental Design Judgments in Cross-Cultural User Research. In Analysing Design Thinking: Studies of Cross-Cultural Co-Creation, Bo T Christensen, Linden J Ball, and Kim Halskov (Eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 191–214.
[34]
Colin M Gray and Shruthi Sai Chivukula. 2019. Ethical Mediation in UX Practice. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19, Paper 178). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300408
[35]
Colin M Gray, Shruthi Sai Chivukula, Thomas V Carlock, Ziqing Li, and Ja-Nae Duane. 2023. Scaffolding Ethics-Focused Methods for Practice Resonance. In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) (DIS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2375–2391. https://doi.org/10.1145/3563657.3596111
[36]
Colin M Gray, Shruthi Sai Chivukula, Kassandra Melkey, and Rhea Manocha. 2021. Understanding “dark” design roles in computing education. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research (Virtual Event USA). ACM, New York, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/3446871.3469754
[37]
Colin M Gray, Cesur Dagli, Muruvvet Demiral-Uzan, Funda Ergulec, Verily Tan, Abdullah A Altuwaijri, Khendum Gyabak, Megan Hilligoss, Remzi Kizilboga, Kei Tomita, and Elizabeth Boling. 2015. Judgment and Instructional Design: How ID Practitioners Work In Practice. Performance Improvement Quarterly 28, 3 (Oct. 2015), 25–49. https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.21198
[38]
Colin M Gray, Aiza Hasib, Ziqing Li, and Shruthi Sai Chivukula. 2022. Using decisive constraints to create design methods that guide ethical impact. Design Studies 79 (March 2022), 101097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2022.101097
[39]
Colin M Gray, Cristiana Santos, Nataliia Bielova, Michael Toth, and Damian Clifford. 2021. Dark Patterns and the Legal Requirements of Consent Banners: An Interaction Criticism Perspective. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI’21). ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445779
[40]
Shad Gross, Tyler Pace, Jeffrey Bardzell, and Shaowen Bardzell. 2013. Machinima production tools: a vernacular history of a creative medium. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’13 (Paris, France). ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 971. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466124
[41]
Hsiu-Fang Hsieh and Sarah E Shannon. 2005. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative health research 15, 9 (Nov. 2005), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
[42]
Ziqing Li, Ike Obi, Shruthi Sai Chivukula, Matthew Will, Janna Johns, Anne C Pivonka, Thomas Carlock, Ambika R Menon, Aayushi Bharadwaj, and Colin M Gray. 2023. Co-designing Ethical Supports for Technology Practitioners. In 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology (ETHICS). 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS57328.2023.10155098
[43]
Sharon Lindberg, Petter Karlström, and Sirkku Männikkö Barbutiu. 2020. Cultivating Ethics – A perspective from practice. In Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Shaping Experiences, Shaping Society (Tallinn, Estonia) (NordiCHI ’20, Article 22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3419249.3420064
[44]
Sharon Lindberg, Petter Karlström, and Sirkku Männikkö Barbutiu. 2021. Design Ethics in Practice - Points of Departure. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5, CSCW1 (April 2021), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3449204
[45]
Lian Loke and Ben Matthews. 2020. Scaffolding of Interaction Design Education Towards Ethical Design Thinking. In Design Thinking in Higher Education: Interdisciplinary Encounters, Gavin Melles (Ed.). Springer Singapore, Singapore, 165–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5780-4_8
[46]
Kelly Murdoch-Kitt, Colin M Gray, Paul Parsons, Austin L Toombs, Marti Louw, and Elona Van Gent. 2020. Developing Students’ Instrumental Judgment Capacity for Design Research Methods. In Dialogue: Proceedings of the AIGA Design Educators Community Conferences, Vol. Decipher,1. AIGA Design Educators Community, 108–115. https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.11688977
[47]
Harold G Nelson and Erik Stolterman. 2012. The design way : Intentional change in an unpredictable world (2nd ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
[48]
Michael Quinn Patton. 2005. Qualitative research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
[49]
Anne Pivonka, Laura Makary, and Colin M Gray. 2022. Organizing Metaphors for Design Methods in Intermediate HCI Education. In EduCHI’22: 4th Annual Symposium on HCI Education.
[50]
Wessel Reijers. 2019. Moving from value sensitive design to virtuous practice design. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 17, 2 (Jan. 2019), 196–209. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-10-2018-0080 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-10-2018-0080
[51]
Donald A Schön. 1984. Problems, frames and perspectives on designing. Design Studies 5, 3 (July 1984), 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-694X(84)90002-4
[52]
Katie Shilton. 2013. Values Levers: Building Ethics into Design. Science, technology & human values 38, 3 (May 2013), 374–397. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243912436985
[53]
Katie Shilton. 2018. Values and Ethics in Human-Computer Interaction. Foundations and Trends® Human–Computer Interaction 12, 2 (2018), 107–171. https://doi.org/10.1561/1100000073
[54]
Katie Shilton and Sara Anderson. 2017. Blended, Not Bossy: Ethics Roles, Responsibilities and Expertise in Design. Interacting with computers 29, 1 (Jan. 2017), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iww002
[55]
Katie Shilton, Megan Finn, and Quinn DuPont. 2021. Shaping ethical computing cultures. Commun. ACM 64, 11 (Oct. 2021), 26–29. https://doi.org/10.1145/3486639
[56]
Kyle Slager, Ruby Nunez, William Short, and Stacy A Doore. 2021. Computing Ethics Starts on ’Day One’: Ethics Narratives in Introductory CS Courses. In Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (Virtual Event, USA) (SIGCSE ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1282. https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3439648
[57]
Danny Spitzberg, Kevin Shaw, Colin Angevine, Marissa Wilkins, M Strickland, Janel Yamashiro, Rhonda Adams, and Leah Lockhart. 2020. Principles at Work: Applying “Design Justice” in Professionalized Workplaces. (2020).
[58]
E Stolterman. 2008. The nature of design practice and implications for interaction design research. International Journal of Design 2, 1 (Jan. 2008), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2007.09.005
[59]
E Stolterman, J McAtee, D Royer, and S Thandapani. 2008. Designerly tools. In Undisciplined! Design Research Society Conference 2008 (Sheffield, UK). Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK, 116:1–14.
[60]
Angela Tulloch, Tara French, and Leigh-Anne Hepburn. 2019. Ethics by Design. Exploring Experiences of Harmony and Dissonance in Ethical Practice. The Design Journal 22, sup1 (April 2019), 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2019.1595428
[61]
Chris Rhys Watkins, Colin M Gray, Austin L Toombs, and Paul Parsons. 2020. Tensions in Enacting a Design Philosophy in UX Practice. In DIS’20: Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2020(DIS’20). ACM Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1145/3357236.3395505
[62]
Richmond Y Wong. 2021. Tactics of Soft Resistance in User Experience Professionals’ Values Work Tactics of Soft Resistance in User Experience Professionals’ Values Work. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (Oct. 2021), Article 355. https://doi.org/10.1145/3479499
[63]
Richmond Y Wong, Karen Boyd, Jake Metcalf, and Katie Shilton. 2020. Beyond Checklist Approaches to Ethics in Design. In Conference Companion Publication of the 2020 on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (Virtual Event, USA) (CSCW ’20 Companion). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 511–517. https://doi.org/10.1145/3406865.3418590
[64]
Alan Woolrych, Kasper Hornbæk, Erik Frøkjær, and Gilbert Cockton. 2011. Ingredients and meals rather than recipes: A proposal for research that does not treat usability evaluation methods as indivisible wholes. International journal of human-computer interaction 27, 10 (Oct. 2011), 940–970. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2011.555314
[65]
Kat Zhou. 2023. Design Ethically. https://www.designethically.com/toolkit.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Finding a Way Through the Social Media Labyrinth: Guiding Design Through User ExpectationsProceedings of the International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia10.1145/3701571.3701605(157-171)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2024

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
CHI '24: Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
May 2024
18961 pages
ISBN:9798400703300
DOI:10.1145/3613904
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 11 May 2024

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Badges

Author Tags

  1. design and technology practice
  2. design method
  3. ethics
  4. instrumental judgment

Qualifiers

  • Research-article
  • Research
  • Refereed limited

Funding Sources

Conference

CHI '24

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

Upcoming Conference

CHI 2025
ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
April 26 - May 1, 2025
Yokohama , Japan

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)559
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)65
Reflects downloads up to 19 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Finding a Way Through the Social Media Labyrinth: Guiding Design Through User ExpectationsProceedings of the International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia10.1145/3701571.3701605(157-171)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2024

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Full Text

View this article in Full Text.

Full Text

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

HTML Format

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media