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Injuries are most commonly categorized as unintentional or intentional, based on the injured party’s presumed intent (Norton and Kobusingye 2013). Unintentional injuries comprise both transport and nontransport injuries. This chapter... more
Injuries are most commonly categorized as unintentional or intentional, based on the injured party’s presumed intent (Norton and Kobusingye 2013). Unintentional injuries comprise both transport and nontransport injuries. This chapter examines in detail the leading causes of nontransport unintentional injuries, namely falls, drowning, burns, and poisoning. The chapter also briefly discusses the burden of injuries resulting from the other two main categories of nontransport unintentional injuries, namely exposure to forces of nature and all other unintentional injuries combined. All other unintentional injuries combined constitute approximately 38 percent of nontransport unintentional injuries. However, because the numbers of deaths for each cause-specific injury within this group are comparatively small, and because the nature of, risk factors for, and interventions for each cause are unique, this chapter does not include a detailed examination of risk factors or interventions for th...
Background This paper estimates the impact on childhood drowning rates of community-based introduction of crèches or playpens or both in rural Bangladesh for children aged 0–47 months. Methods A baseline census of the whole population of... more
Background This paper estimates the impact on childhood drowning rates of community-based introduction of crèches or playpens or both in rural Bangladesh for children aged 0–47 months. Methods A baseline census of the whole population of 270,387 households in 51 unions, 451 villages from 7 rural sub-districts in Bangladesh was conducted in 2013. The baseline census determined retrospective, age-specific, and cumulative drowning incidence rates (IR) experienced in the target households in the 12 months prior to the intervention. Beginning in late 2013, creches for drowning prevention were established across the study area. Acceptance into creches was provided and written assent to attend a creche was obtained for all children aged 9–47 months in all participating unions. Playpens were provided to 45,460 of these children, of which 5981 children received only the playpens. All children were followed-up until their 48-month birthday or administrative censoring (fixed timepoint to stop ...
Burns can be the most devastating injuries in the world, they constitute a global public health problem and cause widespread public health concern. Every year in Bangladesh more than 365,000 people are injured by electrical, thermal and... more
Burns can be the most devastating injuries in the world, they constitute a global public health problem and cause widespread public health concern. Every year in Bangladesh more than 365,000 people are injured by electrical, thermal and other causes of burn injuries. Among them 27,000 need hospital admission and over 5600 people die. Immediate treatment and medication has been found to be significant in the success of recovering from a burn. However, common practices used in the treatment of burn injuries in the community is not well documented in Bangladesh. This study was designed to explore the perception of local communities in Bangladesh the common practices used and health-seeking behaviors sought immediately after a burn injury has occurred. A qualitative study was conducted using Focus Group Discussions (FGD) as the data collection method. Six unions of three districts in rural Bangladesh were randomly selected and FGDs were conducted in these districts with six burn survivo...
Prompt and efficient identification, referral of pregnancy related complications and emergencies are key factors to the reduction of maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. As a response to this critical need, a midwifery led... more
Prompt and efficient identification, referral of pregnancy related complications and emergencies are key factors to the reduction of maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. As a response to this critical need, a midwifery led continuum of reproductive health care was introduced in five teagardens in the Sylhet division, Bangladesh during 2016. Within this intervention, professional midwives provided reproductive healthcare to pregnant teagarden women in the community.  This study evaluates the effect of the referral of pregnancy related complications. A qualitative case study design by reviewing records retrospectively was used to explore the effect of deploying midwives on referrals of pregnancy related complications from the selected teagardens to the referral health facilities in Moulvibazar district of the Sylhet division during 2016.  In depth analyses was also performed on 15 randomly selected cases to understand the facts behind the referral. Out of a total population o...
Social autopsy is an innovative approach to explore social barriers and factors associated to a death in the community. The process also sensitize the community people to avert future deaths. Social autopsy has been introduced in maternal... more
Social autopsy is an innovative approach to explore social barriers and factors associated to a death in the community. The process also sensitize the community people to avert future deaths. Social autopsy has been introduced in maternal deaths in Bangladesh first time in 2010. This study is to identify the social factors in the rural community associated to maternal deaths. It also looks at how the community responses in social autopsy intervention to prevent future maternal deaths. The study was conducted in the Thakurgaon district of Bangladesh in 2010. We have purposively selected 28 social autopsy cases of which maternal deaths occurred due to either haemorrhage or due to convulsions. The autopsy was conducted by the Government health and family planning first line field supervisors in rural community. Family members and neighbours of the deceased participated in each autopsy and provided their comments and responses. A number of social factors including delivery conducted by ...
Background Burn is one of the major public health problems in Bangladesh. Specialized personnel and technologies are required, however, in many cases they are not readily available. Taking the situation into account, Interplast Australia... more
Background Burn is one of the major public health problems in Bangladesh. Specialized personnel and technologies are required, however, in many cases they are not readily available. Taking the situation into account, Interplast Australia and New Zealand, Australia & New Zealand Burn Association (ANZBA), and Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB) initiated Emergency Management of Severe Burn (EMSB) training programme for Bangladeshi physicians in 2008 to help improving their burn management skill. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of EMSB programme in Bangladesh. Methods Both qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to obtain quantitative information from 38 randomly selected EMSB-trained doctors among 380 trained physicians based on a five year database of EMSB (2008-2012). In-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussion (FGD) were used as data collection techniques to get information. Results ...
Background: Annual global death due to drowning accounts for 372,000 lives, 90% of which occur in low and middle income countries. Life in Bangladesh exposes adults and children to may water bodies for daily household needs, and as a... more
Background: Annual global death due to drowning accounts for 372,000 lives, 90% of which occur in low and middle income countries. Life in Bangladesh exposes adults and children to may water bodies for daily household needs, and as a result drowning is common. In Bangladesh, due to lack of systemic data collection, drowning among adults is unknown; most research is focused on childhood drowning. The aim of the present study was to explore the epidemiology of adulthood drowning deaths in Bangladesh. Methodology: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to December in 2003 among 171,366 rural and urban households, with a sample of 819,429 individuals to determine the epidemiology of adulthood drowning in Bangladesh.   Results:  Annual fatal drowning incidence among adults was 5.85/100,000 individuals. Of these, 71.4% were male and 28.6% were female (RR 2.39). In total, 90% of the fatalities were from rural areas. Rural populations were also found to have a 8.58 t...
Maternal and neonatal death review (MNDR) introduced in Bangladesh and initially piloted in a district during 2010. MNDR is able to capture each of the maternal, neonatal deaths and stillbirths from the community and government facilities... more
Maternal and neonatal death review (MNDR) introduced in Bangladesh and initially piloted in a district during 2010. MNDR is able to capture each of the maternal, neonatal deaths and stillbirths from the community and government facilities (hospitals). This study aimed to estimate the cost required to implement MNDR in a district of Bangladesh during 2010-2012. MNDR was implemented in Thakurgaon district in 2010 and later gradually extended until 2015. MNDR implementation framework, guidelines, tools and manual were developed at the national level with national level stakeholders including government health and family planning staff at different cadre for piloting at Thakurgaon. Programme implementation costs were calculated by year of costing and costing as per component of MNDR in 2013. The purchasing power parity conversion rate was 1 $INT = 24.46 BDT, as of 31(st) Dec 2012. Overall programme implementation costs required to run MNDR were 109,02,754 BDT (445,738 $INT $INT) in the ...
Background: Lightning injury is a global public health issue. Low and middle-income countries in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world are most affected by lightning. Bangladesh is one of the countries at particular risk, with... more
Background: Lightning injury is a global public health issue. Low and middle-income countries in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world are most affected by lightning. Bangladesh is one of the countries at particular risk, with a high number of devastating lightning injuries in the past years, causing high mortality and morbidity. The exact magnitude of the problem is still unknown and therefore this study investigates the epidemiology of lightning injuries in Bangladesh, using a national representative sample. Methods: A mixed method was used. The study is based on results from a nationwide cross-sectional survey performed in 2003 in twelve randomly selected districts. In the survey, a total of 819,429 respondents from 171,336 households were interviewed using face-to-face interviews. In addition, qualitative information was obtained by reviewing national and international newspaper reports of lightning injuries sustained in Bangladesh between 13 and 15 May 2016. Results...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the morphological pattern by CT angiography and risk factors for development of peripheral vascular disease in Bangladeshi patient suffering from peripheral vascular disease using a... more
Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the morphological pattern by CT angiography and risk factors for development of peripheral vascular disease in Bangladeshi patient suffering from peripheral vascular disease using a multidetector scanner in the evaluation of patients with peripheral vascular disease. Subject and Method: Eighty nine patients with peripheral vascular disease who were referred for evaluation of peripheral vascular disease underwent CT angiography. We scanned patients from the level of the cerebral arteries to the pedal arteries in a single helical scan. CT angiograms were produced using maximum-intensity-projection, multiplanous reformation and reconstructions. Findings were graded according to nine categories: 1, normal (0% stenosis); 2, mild (1-49% stenosis); 3, moderate (50-74% stenosis); 4, severe (>75% stenosis); 5, tortuosity; 6, aneurysm, 7, calcification, 8, Arteriovenous malformation (AVM), and 9, haematoma. Results: We found Most of the p...
This retrospective observational study aimed to see the angiographic association of atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis (ARAS ) with coronary artery disease in Bangladesh. It was conducted in department of cardiology, University Cardiac... more
This retrospective observational study aimed to see the angiographic association of atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis (ARAS ) with coronary artery disease in Bangladesh. It was conducted in department of cardiology, University Cardiac Centre, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January2007 to January2008.A total of 250 patients with coronary artery involvement, on non-emergent coronary angiogram who underwent either selective or nonselective
This is an ongoing study done in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) during the period April 2002 to October 2007, few cases were done in Eurobangla Heart Hospital, Lab Aid Cardiac Hospital & National Heart Foundation,... more
This is an ongoing study done in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) during the period April 2002 to October 2007, few cases were done in Eurobangla Heart Hospital, Lab Aid Cardiac Hospital & National Heart Foundation, SSMC & MH, Metropolitan Medical Center. Total number of study population was 600 with male 550…
To estimate the burden of rheumatic disorders in adults (age >/= 15 yrs) in Bangladeshi rural and urban communities. The survey was carried out in a rural community, an urban slum, and an affluent urban community with samples of 2635,... more
To estimate the burden of rheumatic disorders in adults (age >/= 15 yrs) in Bangladeshi rural and urban communities. The survey was carried out in a rural community, an urban slum, and an affluent urban community with samples of 2635, 1317, and 1259 adults, respectively. Through door-to-door surveys, trained interviewers identified subjects with musculoskeletal pain. A socio-culturally adapted and validated Bengali version of the COPCORD (Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Disorders) questionnaire was used. Trained internists and rheumatologists examined the positive respondents using an English COPCORD examination sheet to identify respondents with definite rheumatic disorders and to reach a diagnosis. The overall point prevalence of musculoskeleletal pain was 26.3%. The point prevalence estimates of musculoskeletal pain in rural, urban slum, and affluent urban communities were 26.2% (women 31.3%, men 21.1%), 24.9% (women 27.5%, men 22.6%), and 27.9% (women 35.5...
Coronary artery anomalies occur in less than 1% of thecases undergoing coronary angiography, and constitute1-2% of all congenital heart disease. The origin of thecircumflex artery from the right coronary artery (RCA)or the right sinus of... more
Coronary artery anomalies occur in less than 1% of thecases undergoing coronary angiography, and constitute1-2% of all congenital heart disease. The origin of thecircumflex artery from the right coronary artery (RCA)or the right sinus of Valsalva is the most commonlyencountered anomaly and is usually well tolerated 2.We report the clinical , echocardiographic andangiographic findings of symptomatic 45 years elderlylady with the atrial septal defect and double rightcoronary artery and pulmonary stenosis. To ourknowledge, such associated lesion as founding this casehas not been reported in the literature till date at homeand abroad.DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i2.5374J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 125-127
Fifty patients with coronary artery disease admitted to the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka were screened for presence of carotid atherosclerosis by duplex ultrasound study during the period of July ’98 to Aug... more
Fifty patients with coronary artery disease admitted to the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka were screened for presence of carotid atherosclerosis by duplex ultrasound study during the period of July ’98 to Aug ’99. Out of 50 patients 34 patients (68%) had carotid lesions and normal carotids found in 16 patients (32%). Age range of patients with and without carotid lesions were 56 ± 5.39 yrs and 47± 7.91 yrs respectively. Out of 34 patients, 30 were male (88.24%) and 4 were female (11.76%). Twenty nine patients (85.29%) were smokers, 22 patients (64.7%) were hypertensive and 9 patients (26.47%) were diabetic. Dyslipidaemia was found in 16 patients (47.06%) and a history of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) was found in 10 patients (29.41%). A coexistent CAD on coronary angiography (CAG) was found in 31 patients (91.17%). (University Heart Journal 2007; 3 : 63-64)
... Thorium Tetra-Chloride and Uranyl Sulphate Complexes with Phenyl Hydrazine and Benzidine By S. M. F. RAHMAN, JAMIL AHMAD, and M. MAZHARUL HAQ ... Their studies were limited to the analysis only, in the present SM F. RAHMAN, J. AHMAD... more
... Thorium Tetra-Chloride and Uranyl Sulphate Complexes with Phenyl Hydrazine and Benzidine By S. M. F. RAHMAN, JAMIL AHMAD, and M. MAZHARUL HAQ ... Their studies were limited to the analysis only, in the present SM F. RAHMAN, J. AHMAD and M. M. HAQ, J. inorg. ...
Violence against pregnant women is a prevalent issue with severe health implications, especially during pregnancy. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence against women during pregnancy and its associated... more
Violence against pregnant women is a prevalent issue with severe health implications, especially during pregnancy. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence against women during pregnancy and its associated mental health symptoms. Cross-sectional survey conducted from December 2011 to April 2012. Muhimbili National Hospital antenatal clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 1180 pregnant antenatal care patients. Trained interviewers conducted face-to-face standardised interviews with the women in a private room prior to their antenatal care appointment. (PTSD), anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed through the Conflict Tactics Scale, the John Hopkins Symptom Checklist (25) and the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. The Conflict Tactics Scale, the John Hopkins Symptom Checklist (25) and the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Of the 1180 women who were interviewed, 27% reported experiencing both physical and sexual intimate partner violence in the index pregnancy, with 18% reporting physical violence and 20% reporting sexual violence. After adjusting for the sociodemographic characteristics of women, women who experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence during pregnancy were significantly more likely to have moderate PTSD (AOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.71-5.06), anxiety (AOR 3.98, 95% CI 2.85-5.57) and depressive (AOR 3.31, 95% CI 2.39-4.593) symptoms than women who did not report physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence during pregnancy. About three out of ten women experienced physical or sexual intimate partner violence during pregnancy by an intimate partner, which was significantly associated with poor mental health symptoms. These rates are alarming, and justify training and education of antenatal care providers to raise awareness.