Survey Methodology

[CURRENT INFO:  http://evaluationbydesign.com/survey21cs ] 
This teacher survey is available for re-use in studies of 21st century teaching and learning.  It has demonstrated excellent reliability, improving on reliable measures from previous studies (std. alpha > .90, inter-item correlations > .58).  Support for content validity is based on review of existing frameworks and measures.  Support for concurrent validity includes strong relationships to time spent using project-based learning.

"1 Introduction
PRINCIPLES AND PLANNING FOR RESEARCH
2 Theoretical Perspectives and Research Methodologies
3  Selecting and Planning Research Proposals and Projects
4 Research Ethics
5 Searching, critically reviewing and using the literature
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
6 Research design: quantitative methods
7 Research design: qualitative methods
8 Research design: using mixed methods
9 Sampling strategies
10 Designing Descriptive and analytical surveys
11 Designing Case Studies
12 Designing Evaluations
13 Action Research and Change
DATA COLLECTION METHODS
14 Collecting Primary Data: Questionnaires
15 Collecting Primary Data: Interviewing
16 Collecting Primary Data: Non-participant Observation
17 Collecting Primary Data: Ethnography and participant observation
18 Collecting Primary Data: Focus groups
19 Collecting Primary Data: Unobtrusive Measures
ANALYSIS AND REPORT WRITING
20 Secondary analysis
21 Getting started using SPSS
22 Analysing and Presenting Quantitative Data
23 Analysing and Presenting Qualitative Data
24Writing up the Research
25 Planning presentations and vivas
References
Glossary
"

Este artigo apresenta uma iniciativa de resgate da capacidade de planejamento local, realizando uma analise do perfil sociopedagogico do professor em Gravata (PE). Metodologicamente, foi aplicado um survey na modalidade censo com esses professores em fevereiro de 2018. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que: 1) parcela significativa da populacao docente esta proxima da aposentadoria; 2) Pedagogia e a formacao predominante entre os docentes com curso superior; 3) 27% possuem um ou mais vinculos empregaticios; 4) 20% desses docentes nunca discutiram o projeto pedagogico escolar; 5) as condicoes de ventilacao, iluminacao e acustica das salas de aula sao as estruturas mais precarias.

Are Americans aware and concerned about White nationalism in the U.S. Military? Our large and demographically representative survey suggests that while most Americans suspect at least some presence of White nationalism in the military, many do not view it as a serious problem; particularly self-identified conservatives and respondents who hold highly favorable views toward military service members. However, in a between-/ within-subjects experiment embedded in our survey, we show that providing information about the issue of White nationalism in the U.S. Military increases the public's overall concern about White nationalism in the U.S. Military.

¿Cómo se van configurando los términos, contenidos y sentidos de la categoría como PEA (Población Económicamente Activa)? Por medio de este acrónimo los sistemas estadístico-censales nacionales agruparon y aun recopilan datos de diferentes habilidades y origen sectorial del capital humano. Este término, a mitad de camino entre la sociología y la economía, nació en las postrimerías del Segundo New Deal y el 16° censo de los Estados Unidos. Sobre esta base cuantitativa, la OIT (Organización Internacional del Trabajo) canonizó un modelo estándar para uso de todos los países miembros. En América Latina, esta tarea de homogeneización metodológica y de formación de cuadros y funcionarios la llevaron a cabo el IASI (Instituto Interamericano de Estadísticas, en español) y la Oficina Estadística, del Departamento de Asuntos Económicos, de las Naciones Unidas. No obstante, existen otras trayectorias nacionales previas, que complejizan la historia de esta categoría. Una de ellas sucedió en la Argentina, entre la primera edición de José Francisco Figuerola, Teoría y métodos de estadística del trabajo (1942) y el capítulo de Gino Germani sobre la PEA en Estructura social de la Argentina. Análisis estadístico (1955).

Higher education researchers struggle with how to handle missing student ethnoracial data. Without race data, they have trouble making comparisons across groups. However, dropping "race unknown" students from analyses potentially introduces bias into conclusions. There is little methodological discussion about how to proceed when faced with large numbers of missing student ethnoracial data. An important but so far unstudied question is: what are the characteristics of those college students that end up in the "race unknown" category? This research note examines how these students compare to others who do provide a racial identification to get a better sense of how counting or not counting these students may affect results. Additionally, using students' responses to two different questions about racial identification, we are able to examine differences within the proportion of students who might be counted as "race unknown." Our results suggest that Multiracial and White students make up significant percentages of "race unknown" college students in surveys. We also find that there are differences within the "race unknown" population. Every study of higher education will encounter student non-response on race and ethnicity, so this study is a useful one for researchers and policymakers alike.

In September 2019, the third Global Climate Strike organized by the Fridays For Future (FFF) protest campaign mobilized 6000 protest events in 185 countries and brought 7.6 million participants out onto the streets. This report analyses survey data about participants from 19 cities around the world and compares it to data from an international survey conducted in 13 European cities in March 2019. Both surveys collected data following the well-established “Caught in the Act of Protest” survey methodology in order to generate representative samples. What makes FFF new and particularly interesting is the involvement of schoolchildren and students as initiators, organizers and participants in climate activism on a large scale. The September mobilizations differed from the March events in the explicit call for adults to join the movement. Although older age cohorts were more strongly represented in September, young people continued to make up a substantial portion of the protestors – alm...

Data collection for research projects often requires a team of data collectors or enumerators. Large-scale surveys at household or community levels, and qualitative research with large numbers of enumerators, require well trained and supported enumerators to achieve the best quality data.

This Oxfam Research Guideline outlines how to recruit, train and work with enumerators. Enumerators are typically asked to administer survey questionnaires or collect information using digital or paper collection modes that are designed to capture information around a research or evaluation question. It is essential that they are well managed and trained: this guide explains key elements of the process and gives links to useful resources.

Trans*, Non-Binary, and Gender Non-Conforming individuals and communities are often rendered invisible within quantitative data; silenced and stifled by binary gender options, an inability to indicate transitions (i.e. grouped in with Cisgender individuals), being limited to selecting one gender, or lumped into categories as part of research designs rather than in accordance with who they are. They also run the risk of being treated as part of a monolith, with their unique lived experiences unexplored and intersectional analysis unpursued. Although accommodating diverse genders presents considerable challenges for statistical analysis, these obstacles are surmountable and must be challenged in order to gather vital data. This paper will provide an overview of the design, dissemination, and analysis of a survey focused on Gender Minority students in Irish third-level institutions. Focus will be paid to the demographic results of the survey and the growing complexity of gender identity (e.g. nearly a quarter of respondents selecting multiple genders). The paper will also highlight the challenges posed by the findings (e.g. conducting analysis on 18 different genders) and how the research team attempted to address them while maintaining a commitment to empowering each respondent’s voice, thereby providing suggested practices for future surveys. The paper will conclude by stressing the importance of quantitative data for designing effective policies, especially in terms of LGBTQIA+ healthcare, public safety, and educational inclusion.

Control charting is commonly used throughout the industrial world to monitor processes in an efficient and timely fashion. The real attraction is the ability to monitor variables that directly impact the quality of a product live. With the advancement of CATI center technologies and CAPI surveying devices, there is an opportunity to take advantage of real time data to improve quality through control charting in survey research. This article highlights some of the basic ideas behind control charting through an example that monitors interview length as a key quality characteristic because of its direct relationship with response rates and cost.

The 3D surveying project of the archaeological area of Monastiraki was intended from the very outset to provide an accurate model of the settlement which could combine the information that was gradually gathered and produced by the various teams involved in the analysis of the site.
At the same time, the 3D recording of the masonry structures and the individual finds was aimed at studying the opportunities that this type
of technology could achieve in each phase of its application. The gathering and management of three-dimensional data, together with the
testing and analysis of the geomorphological and geometric data of the
settlement, was gradually supplemented by other fields of study aimed at ensuring a more accurate use of the hardware and software, partly
through a continuous process of development and optimization.
During this new phase of development of the project, our attention therefore shifted from the production of complex 3D objects, from their simplification and handling in virtual environments, to uses which made it possible to reinforce the analysis and interpretation of archaeological sites and events linked to them.

Information overload is a new challenge in e-commerce sites. The problem refers to the fast growing of information that lead following the information flow in real world be impossible. Recommender systems, as the most successful application of information filtering, help users to find items of their interest from huge datasets. Collaborative filtering, as the most successful technique for recommendation, utilises social behaviours of users to detect their interests. Traditional challenges of Collaborative filtering, such as cold start, sparcity problem, accuracy and malicious attacks, derived researchers to use new metadata to improve accuracy of recommenders and solve the traditional problems. Trust based recommender systems focus on trustworthy value on relation among users to make more reliable and accurate recommends. In this paper our focus is on trust based approach and discuss about the process of making recommendation in these method. Furthermore, we review different proposed trust metrics, as the most important step in this process.

Jan. 8, 2016: Perhaps wherever I noted "the estimated standard error of the random factors of the estimated residuals," I should have said "the estimated standard deviation of the random factors of the estimated residuals." I saw some things by a couple of people that made me realize my language was sloppy here. But I also read where this may be fairly common. At any rate, this is a fixed value to be estimated. It is a standard deviation.
....................
Previous notes:
The classical ratio estimator (CRE) is very simple, has a long history, and has a stunningly broad range of application, especially with regard to econometrics, and to survey statistics, particularly establishment survey statistics. The CRE has a number of desirable properties, one of which is that the sum of its estimated residuals is always zero. It is easily extended to multiple regression, and a property shown in Sarndal, Swensson and Wretman (1992) may be used to indicate the desirability of this zero sum of estimated residuals feature when constructing regression weights for multiple regression. In the single regressor form, the zero sum of estimated residuals property is related to an interesting phenomenon expressed in Fox (1997). Finally, relationships of the CRE to some other statistics are also considered.
-- Note added November 2014: As noted in other works I have done, and elsewhere, for this model, only the individual values of x corresponding to individual y values need to be known, as long as the sum of the remaining x (for out-of-sample cases) is known, and then one can still estimate variance. If we do not know the sum of those remaining N-n x-values (where n is sample size selected minus cases to be imputed), but we know a range for that subtotal of x's, then we know a range of estimated variances for the estimated y-totals to go with that range. --

Das Buch vermittelt theoretische Grundlagen und praxisnahe Kenntnisse zu wissenschaftlichen Umfragen. Mit Hilfe dieser Kenntnisse soll der Leser Umfragen sowohl kritisch beurteilen als auch selbst nach den gültigen wissenschaftlichen Standards durchführen können. Damit soll dem in den letzten Jahren zunehmenden Problem mangelnder Gültigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit von Befragungsdaten entgegengewirkt werden.
Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf Hinweisen zur Formulierung von Fragen und zur Konstruktion von Fragebögen, daneben werden aber auch viele andere Probleme behandelt, wie z.B. Fragen des Forschungsdesigns oder der Planung und Durchführung der Feldarbeit. Neben postalischen, persönlichen und telefonischen Befragungen werden in der zweiten Auflage auch Online-Befragungen behandelt. Das Buch soll damit die Lücke zwischen allgemeinen Lehrbüchern zur empirischen Sozialforschung einerseits und speziellen Lehr- und Handbüchern zur Datenanalyse andererseits schließen.

Surveys of adults over the age of 55 have unique methodological considerations, which typically concern the physiological and psychological factors associated with age-related declines in cognitive functioning and health. Though significant, these comprise a limited view of the way in which older adults differ from the general population. Lower rates of adoption and use of newer information and communication technologies and concerns about privacy in the online environment are other ways which this population is distinct, and should be considered in survey research. As surveys grow more technologically advanced, older adults too may regard data collection practices differently than younger adults, leading to varying rates of participation and response. This paper reviews the literature on the methodological issues inherent in surveying older adults, and analyzes data collected in a large telephone survey to provide further evidence that technology adoption and use should be considered as a cultural practice of this subpopulation, a view which holds additional methodological implications for survey research.

Ce module d’auto-formation est destiné aux professionnels qui traitent d’un sujet humain, pour l’analyser, construire une problématique afin de monter un projet de prises en charge. Il peut s’agir, par exemple, d’un éducateur souhaitant élaborer un projet éducatif en équipe pluridisciplinaire. À partir des observations de terrain, on obtient généralement du textuel, des énoncés très circonstanciels, un peu comme une histoire racontée ou un commentaire dans un documentaire. À partir de ces données dites « spécifiques » il s’agit d’apprendre à abstraire le singulier pour commencer à définir des données plus générales, donc « génériques », pouvant facilement coller à un modèle de prises en charge. C’est de là que va découler, par exemple, un projet individualisé pour l’usager. Le document est en deux parties : 1) la partie « Exercices » et 2) la partie « Corrections ». Réaliser d’abord l’ensemble des exercices, puis corrigez-vous à l’aide du document de « Corrections ».

Online surveys have become a popular method for data gathering for many reasons, including low costs and the ability to collect data rapidly. However, online data collection is often conducted without adequate attention to implementation details. One example is the frequent use of the forced answering option, which forces the respondent to answer each question in order to proceed through the questionnaire. The avoidance of missing data is often the idea behind the use of the forced answering option. However, we suggest that the costs of a reactance effect in terms of quality reduction and unit nonresponse may be high because respondents typically have plausible reasons for not answering questions. The objective of the study reported in this paper was to test the influence of forced answering on dropout rates and data quality. The results show that requiring participants answer every question increases dropout rates and decreases quality of answers. Our findings suggest that the desire for a complete data set has to be balanced against the consequences of reduced data quality.

As translation and interpreting studies continue to develop cognitive theories of translator and interpreter behavior and processing, there has been increased emphasis on research methods and data collection methodologies to glean new insights into the translation process. This article presents a critical review of survey research methods in Cognitive Translation Studies and argues for their inclusion as a means of better understanding translator and interpreter attitudes, behaviors, perceptions, and values. The article begins with a reflection on measurement and the need for alignment with theoretical frameworks and constructs; then it reviews important considerations when developing theoretically-grounded, empirically-based survey instruments, namely, validity, reliability, measurement invariance, and quantitative analysis. The article concludes with a call for additional methodological reflection on developing and using survey instruments.

We argue that the definition of close fitting models should embody the notion of substantially ignorable misspecifications (SIM). A SIM model is a misspecified model that might be selected, based on parsimony, over the true model should knowledge of the true model be available. Because in applications the true model (i.e., the data generating mechanism) is unknown, we investigate the relationship between the population standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) values and various model misspecifications in factor analysis models to better understand the magnitudes of the SRMR. Summary effect sizes of misfit such as the SRMR are necessarily insensitive to some non-ignorable ocalized misspecifications (i.e., the presence of a few large residual orrelations in large models). Localized misspecifications may be identified by examining the largest standardized residual covariance. Based on the findings, our population reference values for close fit are based on a two-index strategy: (1) largest absolute value of standardized residual covariance less than 0.10, and (2) SRMR less than 0.05/R2
the average R2 of the manifest variables; for acceptable fit our values are 0.15 and 0.10/R2, respectively.

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Service & Supplier Surveying Instrument
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The use of questionnaires to evaluate educational initiatives is widespread, but often problematic. This paper examines four aspects of an evaluation survey carried out with very able pupils attending out-of-school classes: ethics, design, bias and interpretation. There is a particular focus on the interpretation and analysis of pupils’ answers to open questions. Conclusions are drawn from this analysis which will help teachers and others to take a careful and critical approach to their use of questionnaires in educational evaluation.

Author profile: http://www.wlv.ac.uk/default.aspx?page=13209

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This user-friendly book provides a step-by-step guide to using the five major approaches to research design: quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, arts-based, and communitybased participatory research. Chapters on each approach follow a unique format—they present a template for a research proposal and explain in detail how to conceptualize and fill in every section. Terminology commonly used within each approach is identified, and key moments of ethical decision making are flagged. Interdisciplinary research examples draw on current events and social justice topics. Unique coverage includes hot topics: replication studies and data sharing, tailoring proposals to different audiences, and more. The book also includes a general introduction to social research; an in-depth, practical discussion of ethics; and a chapter on how to begin a research study, from planning a topic to developing a research question via a literature review.

Includes Pedagogical Features 