Coverage

In this study, a path smoothing strategy is proposed for sensor-based coverage problems. Smooth paths are generated for the coverage problems considering mobile robot kinematics constraints. An open agent architecture-based control structure is used to implement the proposed approach on real robots. The algorithm is coded with C++ and implemented on P3-DX mobile robots in MobileSim simulation environments. It is

The management of exchange risks occurs regularly with the acquisition of hedges of derivative products in the financial markets, according to the theoretical review in publications of scientific articles, books and theses. The objective of this article is to measure the maximum probable loss with the value-at-risk method in the period 2014 to 2016 to analyze the alternative of managing exchange risks through hedging in an industrial micro-enterprise in Sinaloa. The methodology is qualitative with a case study. The contribution of this research work is to measure the maximum probable loss of a micro-industrial company that invests in raw materials inventories that vary according to the peso / dollar exchange rate, since there is an absence in this type of publications. The VaR model is applied with real data from the unit of analysis for exchange risk management. The main result confirms that the micro industrial company is not profitable to invest in hedges as an alternative to minimize its exchange risks.

During the last two decades, optical stellar interferometry has become an important tool in astronomical investigations requiring spatial resolution well beyond that of traditional telescopes. This book, first published in 2006, was the first to be written on the subject. The authors provide an extended introduction discussing basic physical and atmospheric optics, which establishes the framework necessary to present the ideas and practice of interferometry as applied to the astronomical scene. They follow with an overview of historical, operational and planned interferometric observatories, and a selection of important astrophysical discoveries made with them. Finally, they present some as-yet untested ideas for instruments both on the ground and in space which may allow us to image details of planetary systems beyond our own.

Abstrak-Setiap jaringan komunikasi bergerak seluler membutuhkan perencanaan sel dengan tujuan untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pencakupan sel yang ditunjukan oleh jumlah base station, dimana diusahakan seminimal mungkin tetapi dapat memenuhi kapasitas trafik dan coverage area yang dibutuhkan. Optimasi penempatan BTS ini mecakup dua aspek yaitu ditinjau dari segi coverage dan dari segi trafik. Penanganan beban trafik meliputi prediksi jumlah pelanggan pada setiap sel, dimana dengan pertimbangan beban trafik yang diperlukan oleh pelanggan dan beban trafik yang diperlukan untuk mengatasi beban trafik yang diperlukan oleh pelanggan. Pada tugas besar ini akan dibuat perancangan jaringan 4G LTE di Provinsi Papua Barat. Dipilihnya Provinsi Papua Barat dikarenakan di wilayah tersebut belum terdapat jaringan akses 4G LTE. Teknologi LTE merupakan teknologi 4G evolusi dari GSM dengan datarate mencapai 100 Mbps. Hal ini juga dipengaruhi karena tingkat kebutuhan masyarakat akan akses data semakin meningkat Perancangan sel yang dilakukan di Provinsi Papua Barat dibagi menjadi 5 coverage area menurut kabupaten dan kota yang ada. Kelima daerah tersebut terbagi menjadi 1 daerah sub urban dan 4 daerah rural. Daerah sub urban 1 Kota Sorong mempunyai 42 Sel. Daerah rural I yang merupakan gabungan dari kabupaten Fak-fak, kabupaten Kaimana, kabupaten Teluk Wondama, dan kabupaten Teluk Bintuni mempunyai 196 Sel. Daerah rural II merupakan gabungan dari kabupaten Manokwari, kabupaten Manokwari Selatan, dan pegunungan arfak mempunyai 95 Sel. Daerah rural III merupakan gabungan dari kabupaten Sorong Selatan dan Sorong mempunyai 59 Sel. Daerah rural IV merupakan gabungan dari kabupaten Raja Ampat, kabupaten tambraw, dan kabupaten Maybrat mempunyai 52 Sel. Dari semua perhitungan yang dilakukan dalam perancangan jaringan di Papua Barat memenuhi syarat Path Loss karena nilai seluruh Path Loss Uplink dan Downlink lebih kecil dari MAPL. Kata kunci : 4G LTE, coverage, path loss

The objective of this paper is to outline the
implementation of the Walking Skeleton Strategy in the
environment of the test driven development. It is often observed
that the project build is time consuming which, delays the
project accomplishment, this paper will help us understand how
the implementation of Walking Skeleton Strategy is time and
cost effective by automating the project build, deploy and test
end-to-end.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are experiencing a revival of interest and a continuous advancement in various scientific and industrial fields. WSNs offer favorable low cost and readily deployable solutions to perform the monitoring, target tracking, and recognition of physical events. The foremost step required for these types of ad-hoc networks is to deploy all the sensor nodes in their positions carefully to form an efficient network. Such network should satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements in order to achieve high performance levels. In this paper we address the coverage requirement and its relation with WSN nodes placement problems. In fact, we present a new optimization approach based on the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) to find the best placement topologies in terms of coverage maximization. We have compared the performance of the resulting algorithm, called FPACO, with the original practical swarm optimization (PSO) and the genetic algorithm (GA). In all the test instances, FPACO performs better than all other algorithms.

In recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained much attention because of its varying applications from catastrophic region to industrial and household region. In few applications, sensors are deployed in extreme environmental conditions. Hence, node access is not possible in that scenario. Therefore, a large number of sensor nodes are deployed in the target field so that node replacement problem is eliminated. Also, coverage is a very important parameter because it measures how effectively a target field is monitored by the sensor network. This paper focuses on the coverage issue in wireless sensor networks. Initially, three different types of coverage issues are discussed. Then, full coverage issue is examined by considering different points such as node type, deployment type, relation of communication range to sensing range, strategy used to detect full coverage and positioning based/independent algorithms. Some applications of wireless sensor networks are given. Finally, research challenges in the field of area coverage are discussed.

Performance analysis of umts network is of major interest, because of the WCDMA technique used in umts, which leads to an interference limited system with a dynamic cell capacity and load dependent cell coverage. The performance of umts network depends on sectorization; also, the coverage area depends significantly on the geografical nature and the propagatoin environment of the covered area. In this paper, the capacity and coverage of umts cellular network covering a densed urban area and suburban area are simulated for incrising amount of sectorization showing the number of users and coverage area gradually increased. For modelling the propagatoin, the cost-231 hata model has been used.

ABSTRACT This paper explores and compares the effectiveness of Minimum Income (MI) schemes in protecting persons of working age from poverty in the European Union. Using the European microsimulation model EUROMOD we estimate indicators of coverage and adequacy of MI schemes in 14 EU countries. In terms of coverage, we find that in several countries a significant number of individuals are ineligible for MI even when they fall below a poverty line set at 40 per cent of median income. With respect to adequacy, we show that in certain countries a large fraction of those entitled to MI remain at very low levels of income even when MI benefit is added. Overall, our findings suggest that the clustering of MI schemes in Europe may be more complex than previous literature has hitherto allowed for.

In India, marriage is an important occasion and huge sums are spent for the pre-marriage and post-marriage rituals. Life-long savings are spent on the marriage ceremony.Average Indian saves and spends majority of his earnings on two things – owning a house and performing the marriage of his daughter(s). The former is optional but the latter is mandatory. The average middle-class Indian parents hoard their life-long savings to get their girl-children married-off without any hitch. Performance of marriages has been gradually transforming into a celebration with new customs, avenues and practices creeping in. This includes extension of celebrations to longer periods, destination weddings, providing live coverage of entire marriage ceremony etc. among other things.

Any untoward incident resulting in cancellation of the event causes heavy financial damages to the performers.  Insurance companies are offering wedding insurance scheme to hedge the public against such damages. Though the scheme carries many benefits, the response towards it is lukewarm.  The present study is focused to analyze the reasons forthe non-popularization of the scheme and suggests measures needed to make the wedding insurance scheme popular.

The purpose of this study was to provide a reexamination of the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) News and the extent to which the publication provides equitable coverage to women and women's teams. To do so, 5,745 paragraphs and 1,086 photographs from 24 issues (12 issues in 1999, 12 issues in 2001) were coded for (a) gender, (b) size, (c) location, and (d) content. Results were then compared to a standard (i.e., the proportion of female athletes competing in NCAA intercollegiate athletics). Results indicate that coverage in the NCAA News was more representative, with respect to the amount of text and number of photographs, than it was in 1988 and 1991.

Hay riesgos que por su naturaleza no pueden ser asumidos por el asegurador. Ya sea por cuantía, por frecuencia, o por el riesgo moral que implican. Sin embargo, la desprotección de la sociedad frente a los mismos, vaciaría a la institución del seguro de su razón de ser, la reserva de seguridad de la sociedad. Frente a esta diyuntiva la solución Española es un interesante caso a estudiar.