Survey design

Rationale and background: Many surveys include gender in demographic data. This has historically been male / female in many fields. All surveys and human research are concerned with gendered humans. As such, this is a consideration for all social researchers. In order to accurately and meaningfully measure gender of participants, it must be acknowledged that growing numbers of people are identifying with a gender outside of man or woman. As well as reduced accuracy of data, neglecting to include these people in surveys may result in feelings of exclusion and discrimination. These two aspects make this a concern for ethical conduct of research. Additionally, woman / man is now preferred to female / male as the latter is considered biologist and not appropriate when talking about gender (as opposed to sex). Sex assigned at birth and gender identity are sometimes both specified. It is proposed that for studies that are not explicitly about sex/gender, for pragmatism and ease, only gender is asked. These guidelines include recommendations about respectful language for projects that are not specifically about sex/gender in content but have a demographic question about gender. They also include more detailed guidelines for projects that are specifically about gender, and another set of guidelines for those that are about sexuality or sexual identity. Survey Questions Recommended Language A. Projects that are not specifically about sex/gender The key here is to allow for accurate representation of genders outside of men and women, as well as using man / woman (gender) rather than male / female (sex). Cameron & Stinson (2019) recommend the 'three-option gender' question. You can also add 'prefer not to say' if it is not essential data: Woman Man I identify my gender as: _______ (please specify) Prefer not to say B. Projects that are specifically about gender For projects that are interested in sex/gender as a topic, a two-step approach is recommended. In line with UNSW HREC guidelines developed in conjunction with key stakeholders and community groups, the following should be considered: 1. Sex recorded at birth (i.e. the sex on your original birth certificate) 1. Male 2. Female 3. Something else (please specify) [open box] 4. Prefer not to answer

Employee attitudes and the inclusion of their opinions and suggestions are most important in today's global and competitive work environment. In the American business environment, we are dealing with many different generations, each having diverse wants, needs, goals, and aspirations. The more that management knows about their employee's feelings, the easier it is to manage their behavior to help them

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate how business enterprises in Uganda manage their corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and projects. Design/methodology/approach – The investigations focused on a limited number of management facets. Using a cross-sectional survey design, the researchers collected data through both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. These included semi-structured interviews with managers of selected enterprises, as well as non-participant observation of CSR activities and projects. Findings – The findings show unbalanced engagement in CSR for business managers in Uganda. Managers are largely motivated towards CSR by external factors such as attracting and retaining customers, enhancing reputation and operational efficiencies to achieve competitive advantage, rather than internal factors such as CSR policies, employee welfare and CSR reporting. Another significant finding is that the responsibility to initiate, administer, and m...

An average of 12 people die in avalanches each year in Western Canada. The risk factors for the avalanche phenomenon have been extensively studied. The risk factors associated with the decision making process that leads individuals to expose themselves to avalanche hazard are less well understood. The recommended first step in an injury prevention program is to survey the population to discover the extent of the problem and the risk factors that predispose a person to injury. A retrospective, self-report, web-based, cross-sectional survey designed to measure potential risk factors for avalanche involvement was developed and validated. The survey was administered in September - December 2007 so as to obtain a representative sample from the population of skiers, snowboarders, climbers and snowshoers who entered avalanche terrain in Western Canada in the previous year. Back country skiers are at greater risk of experiencing an avalanche incident than out of bounds skiers or cross-count...

Access to the right kind of legal information is imperative for efficient and effective performance in any judicial process. This study investigated the legal information needs and problems faced by lawyers (as main consumers of legal information) in accessing legal information. The study used a survey design in which a structured questionnaire was used to elicit the required data. It was carried out in Kampala, the capital city of Uganda. The study found that law reference; laws of other countries; law reports; update of court rules and judge cases constitute the most needed legal information of lawyers and attorneys in Uganda. While problems faced in accessing legal information include: inadequate information materials; limited law libraries; out dated information materials and limited time to search for the required legal information. The study concludes that to make lawyers succeed in their judicial processes, more serious and proactive ways of accessing legal information are re...

The purpose of this study was to examine high school adolescents' clothing shopping frequency, expenditure, purchase motivations, information sources, and store selection criteria and to determine the similarities and differences between male and female as well as impulse and nonimpulse shoppers. A survey design was used to collect the data. One hundred thirty-seven high school students, in 9th to 12th grade, 69 males and 68 females, were recruited. Similarities were found between male and female participants. They spent similar amounts of money on clothing and had similar degrees of conformity, sexual attraction, and recognition motivations. For both genders, friends were the most important clothing information source, and price was the most important criterion for store selection. Significant differences were also found between genders. Female participants shopped significantly more often than males and had higher recreation clothing purchase motivation. Certain information sources, such as friends and magazines/books, had more influence over clothing purchase decisions made by females compared to males. Certain criteria such as product variety/availability and store display carried more weight for females than males when making a store selection. When impulse and nonimpulse shoppers were compared, significant differences were found in all the clothing behaviors examined in the study (i.e., clothing shopping frequency, expenditure, purchase motivations, information sources, store selection criteria). Educational and marketing implications are recommended.

This study attempts to investigate to what extent the personal values of managers from a developing economy affect their managerial decisions. Previous studies have suggested the relationship between values and managerial behavior. The purpose of the study was to examine this relationship in the context of a developing, less industrialized economy, identify peculiar issues given the context of the study, and discuss the managerial implications of the findings. The subjects studied were Nigerian managers, using the value survey designed by England. Results showed that values do affect behavior, but more significantly, that the cultural values of the managers play a significant role in their managerial decisions.

Questionnaires are a widely used research method in human resource management (HRM), and multi-item psychometric scales are the most widely used measures in questionnaires. These scales each have multiple items to measure a construct in a reliable and valid manner. However, using this method effectively involves complex procedures that are frequently misunderstood or unknown. Although there are existing methodological texts addressing this topic, few are exhaustive and they often omit essential practical information. The current article therefore aims to provide a detailed and comprehensive guide to the use of multi-item psychometric scales for HRM research and practice, including their structure, development, use, administration,
and data preparation.

Seven major constructs-belonging, meaning, hope, the sacred, morality, beauty, and acceptance of dying-were revealed in an analysis of the literature pertaining to patient spiritual needs. The authors embedded these constructs within a 29-item survey designed to be inclusive of traditional religion, as well as non-institutional-based spirituality. This article describes the development of a multidimensional instrument designed to assess a patient's spiritual needs. This framework for understanding a patient's spiritual needs hopefully contributes to the growing body of literature, providing direction to healthcare professionals interested in a more holistic approach to patient well-being.

To investigate differences in 12-month prevalences of mental disorders and 12-month treatment contact among New Zealand born and migrants in separate ethnic groups in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey (NZMHS). The NZMHS is a nationally representative face-to-face household survey, carried out in 2003-2004 with a response rate of 73.3%. It surveyed 12,992 New Zealand adults aged 16 and over Pacific people were over sampled This paper focuses on the 2374 Pacific participants but includes for comparison 8160 non-Maori-non-Pacific participants (Others). Multiple logistic regression models were used to produce estimates weighted to account for diferent probabilities of selection and taking account of the complex survey design. The prevalence of mental disorder was lowest among those who migrated as adults compared with those who migrated as young children (child migrants) or New Zealand-born (NZ born) migrant descendants in both Pacific and other ethnic groups. While...