側

See also: 侧

側 U+5074, 側 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5074 ← 偳 [U+5073] CJK Unified Ideographs 偵 → [U+5075]

Translingual

Han character

側 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人月金弓 (OBCN), four-corner 2220₀, composition ⿰亻則)

Derived characters

• 𨶨

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 111, character 34
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 897
• Dae Jaweon: page 238, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 189, character 12
• Unihan data for U+5074

Chinese

trad.		側
simp.		侧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 側
Bronze inscriptions b12303 b12304 Small seal script s05768 Transcribed ancient scripts L38256
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (則) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
廁	*sʰrɯɡs, *sʰrɯɡ
則	*ʔsɯːɡ
賊	*zɯːɡ
鰂	*zɯːɡ
鱡	*zɯːɡ
蠈	*zɯːɡ
側	*ʔsrɯɡ
萴	*ʔsrɯɡ, *zrɯɡ
測	*sʰrɯɡ
惻	*sʰrɯɡ
崱	*zrɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrɯɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 則 (OC *ʔsɯːɡ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cè, zè, zhāi (ce⁴, ze⁴, zhai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄜˋ, ㄗㄜˋ, ㄓㄞ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zak¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): zet⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chet
• Eastern Min (BUC): cháik / cáik
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiak / chhek / chhak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cêg⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷tseq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cè
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cè
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻê⁴
    • Yale: tsè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tseh
    • Palladius: цэ (cɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zè
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zè
    • Wade–Giles: tsê⁴
    • Yale: dzè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeh
    • Palladius: цзэ (czɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhai
    • Wade–Giles: chai¹
    • Yale: jāi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jai
    • Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zak¹
    • Yale: jāk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzak⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeg¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐk̚⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: zet⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chet
    • Hakka Romanization System: zed^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zed⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡set̚²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cháik / cáik
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaiʔ²⁴/, /t͡saiʔ²⁴/

Note:

• cháik - “side”;
• cáik - “to lean to one side”.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
    • Tâi-lô: tshiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
    • Tâi-lô: tshik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhak
    • Tâi-lô: tshak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰak̚⁵/

Note:

• chhiak/chhek - literary;
• chhak - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: cêg⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshek
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰek̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷tseq
    • MiniDict: tseh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tseq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 側
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰɤ⁵³/ /t͡sai⁴⁴/ /ʈ͡ʂai⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰə⁵⁵/ /ʈ͡ʂʰe⁵⁵/ /ʈ͡ʂe⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡sei²¹/ ～棱子睡 /t͡sʰei²¹/ ～面
	Xining	/t͡sʰɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰe³¹/ /t͡se³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sɛ²¹/ ～邊 /t͡sʰɛ²¹/ ～起過
	Kunming	/t͡sʰə³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡saʔ⁴³/ ～楞 /t͡sʰaʔ⁴³/ ～面
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰəʔ⁵/ /t͡səʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰe²¹³/ /t͡se²¹³/ /t͡sei²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰɛʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡sʰa⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sə²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡sæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡set̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/t͡set̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɐk̚⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sɐk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɐk̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰaiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sɛ²⁴/ /t͡sʰɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰek̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sek̚⁵/ /sɔk̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsrik

Rime
Character	側
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	阻力切
Baxter	tsrik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂik̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃiək̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhe
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]rək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsrɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	側
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cè
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrik ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]rək/
English	slanting, oblique; side
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	側
Reading #	1/1
No.	16600
Phonetic component	則
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	稄
Old Chinese	/*ʔsrɯɡ/

Definitions

側

1. side

   本側開門／本侧开门  ―  běn cè kāimén  ―  Exit this side

2. to lean to one side; to incline; to slant

Compounds

• 一側／一侧
• 側偃／侧偃
• 偪側／偪侧
• 側匿／侧匿
• 側壓力／侧压力
• 側媚／侧媚
• 側室／侧室 (cèshì)
• 側席／侧席
• 側帽／侧帽
• 側影／侧影 (cèyǐng)
• 側微／侧微
• 側手翻／侧手翻 (cèshǒufān)
• 側擊／侧击 (cèjī)
• 側枝／侧枝 (cèzhī)
• 側柏／侧柏 (cèbǎi)
• 側根／侧根
• 側歪／侧歪 (cèwāi)
• 側泳／侧泳 (cèyǒng)
• 側滑／侧滑
• 側理紙／侧理纸
• 側目／侧目 (cèmù)
• 側目而視／侧目而视
• 側眼／侧眼
• 側視圖／侧视图
• 側筆／侧笔
• 側線／侧线 (cèxiàn)
• 側翼／侧翼 (cèyì)
• 側耳／侧耳 (cè'ěr)
• 側聞／侧闻
• 側聽／侧听
• 側脈／侧脉
• 側膜胎座／侧膜胎座
• 側臥／侧卧
• 側芽／侧芽
• 側蝕力／侧蚀力
• 側言／侧言
• 側記／侧记 (cèjì)
• 側豔／侧艳
• 側足／侧足 (cèzú)
• 側身／侧身 (cèshēn)
• 側邊／侧边 (cèbiān)
• 側重／侧重 (cèzhòng)
• 側鋒／侧锋
• 側錄／侧录
• 側門／侧门 (cèmén)
• 側陋／侧陋
• 側離／侧离
• 側面／侧面 (cèmiàn)
• 側面圖／侧面图
• 側首／侧首
• 側麗／侧丽
• 傾側／倾侧 (qīngcè)
• 兩側／两侧
• 匾打側卓／匾打侧卓
• 反側／反侧 (fǎncè)
• 右側／右侧 (yòucè)
• 右側通行／右侧通行
• 外側／外侧 (wàicè)
• 展轉反側／展转反侧
• 左側／左侧 (zuǒcè)
• 引人側目／引人侧目
• 扶側／扶侧
• 搜揚側陋／搜扬侧陋
• 攲側／攲侧 (qīcè)
• 旁敲側擊／旁敲侧击 (pángqiāocèjī)
• 東側／东侧 (dōngcè)
• 清君側／清君侧 (qīngjūncè)
• 珠玉在側／珠玉在侧
• 翼側／翼侧 (yìcè)
• 腹側體腔／腹侧体腔
• 車側氣囊／车侧气囊
• 輾轉反側／辗转反侧 (zhǎnzhuǎnfǎncè)
• 轉側／转侧
• 轉側不安／转侧不安
• 轉輾反側／转辗反侧
• 逼側／逼侧
• 道路側目／道路侧目
• 重足側目／重足侧目

 

Pronunciation 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 側 – see 仄 (“slanting; oblique; narrow; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 仄).

Japanese

Kanji

側

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: しき (shiki)
• Kan-on: そく (soku, Jōyō)
• Kun: がわ (gawa, 側, Jōyō)、かわ (kawa, 側)、そば (soba, 側)、はた (hata, 側)、かたわら (katawara, 側ら)^{←かたはら (katafara, 側ら, historical)}

Related terms

• 仄(ほの)か (honoka)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
側
がわ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) がわ [gàwá] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɡa̠β̞a̠]

Noun

側(がわ) • (gawa) ^{←がは (gafa)?}

1. side

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
側
そば Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
傍

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) そば [sóꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [so̞ba̠]

Noun

側(そば) • (soba) 

1. vicinity, near, beside, side

   泣(な)かないで。僕(ぼく)は傍(そば)にいるから。

   Nakanaide. Boku wa soba ni iru kara.

   Don't cry, for I am by your side.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 側(そば)泳(えい) (sobaei)
• 側(そば)杖(づえ) (sobazue)
• 側(そば)仕(づか)え (sobazukae)
• 側(そば)む (sobamu)
• 側(そば)女(め) (sobame)
• 側(そば)役(やく) (sobayaku)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
側
かわ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かわ [kàwáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠β̞a̠]

Noun

側(かわ) • (kawa) ^{←かは (kafa)?}

1. side

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
側
はた Grade: 4
irregular

Alternative spellings
端 傍

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) はた [hàtá] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ha̠ta̠]

Noun

側(はた) • (hata) 

1. vicinity

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
側
かたわら Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 側 – see the following entry.

【かたわら】 [adverb] in addition, besides, while [noun] the side of something [noun] a person nearby [noun] the area nearby; vicinity [noun] a remote partially built-up area along a major highway [noun] in addition to…, while doing…, on the other hand… Alternative spellings 傍ら, 傍, 側ら, 旁, 脇

(This term, 側, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
側
そく Grade: 4
on'yomi

Middle Chinese 側 (t͡ʃɨk̚)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) そく [sóꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [so̞kɯ̟]

Affix

側(そく) • (soku) 

1. side

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 君(くん)側(そく) (kunsoku, “vicinity of a lord”)
• 側(そく)圧(あつ) (sokuatsu, “lateral pressure”)
• 側(そく)位(い) (sokui, “spoons position”)
• 側(そく)鎖(さ) (sokusa)
• 側(そく)室(しつ) (sokushitsu)
• 側(そく)射(しゃ) (sokusha)
• 側(そく)車(しゃ) (sokusha)
• 側(そく)線(せん) (sokusen)
• 側(そく)背(はい) (sokuhai)
• 側(そく)部(ぶ) (sokubu)
• 側(そく)聞(ぶん) (sokubun)
• 側(そく)壁(へき) (sokuheki)
• 側(そく)辺(へん) (sokuhen)
• 側(そく)面(めん) (sokumen)
• 側(そく)路(ろ) (sokuro)
• 側(そっ)火(か)山(ざん) (sokkazan)
• 側(そっ)近(きん) (sokkin)
• 側(そっ)溝(こう) (sokkō)
• 側(そっ)根(こん) (sokkon)
• 側(そく)頭(とう) (sokutō)

Noun

側(そく) • (soku) 

1. the first of the Eight Principles of Yong

Hypernyms

• 永(えい)字(じ)八法(はっぽう) (eiji happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)

Coordinate terms

• 勒(ろく) (roku, “the second of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 努(ど) (do, “the third of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 趯(てき) (teki, “the fourth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 策(さく) (saku, “the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 掠(りゃく) (ryaku, “the sixth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 啄(たく) (taku, “the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 磔(たく) (taku, “the eighth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)

Korean

Hanja

側 (eum 측 (cheuk))

1. side

Vietnamese

Han character

側: Hán Nôm readings: trắc, trắt, trặc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.