勒

勒	U+52D2, 勒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52D2

勒	U+F952, 勒 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F952

← 陋
[U+F951]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

肋 →
[U+F953]

Translingual

Han character

勒 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿十大尸 (TJKS), four-corner 4452₇, composition ⿰革力)

Derived characters

嘞𰃃𱬀

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 148, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2386
Dae Jaweon: page 333, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 374, character 1
Unihan data for U+52D2

Unihan data for U+F952

Chinese

simp. and trad.		勒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (力) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
勒	*rɯːɡ
肋	*rɯːɡ
扐	*rɯːɡ
仂	rɯːɡ, rɯɡ
艻	*rɯːɡ
朸	rɯːɡ, rɯɡ
玏	*rɯːɡ
泐	rɯːɡ, rɯɡ
阞	*rɯːɡ
竻	*rɯːɡ
力	*rɯɡ
屴	*rɯɡ
鳨	*rɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːɡ) : semantic 革 + phonetic 力 (OC *rɯɡ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lè, lēi (le⁴, lei¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄜˋ, ㄌㄟ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lak⁶ / laak⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): lĕk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): le̍k / lia̍k / liak / la̍k / lek / leh / le̍h

(Teochew, Peng'im): lêg⁸
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸leq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lè
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lè
  - Wade–Giles: lê⁴
  - Yale: lè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leh
  - Palladius: лэ (lɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lēi
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lei
  - Wade–Giles: lei¹
  - Yale: lēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lhei
  - Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯⁵⁵/

Note: lēi - vernacular (“to tie tight”) - lè - literary (other senses).

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lak⁶ / laak⁶
  - Yale: lahk / laahk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lak⁹ / laak⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: leg⁶ / lag⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐk̚²/, /laːk̚²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛiʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: lia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liak
  - Tâi-lô: liak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍k
  - Tâi-lô: la̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lek
  - Tâi-lô: lik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: leh
  - Tâi-lô: leh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /leʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍h
  - Tâi-lô: le̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leh
  - IPA (Xiamen): /leʔ⁴/

Note:

lia̍k/le̍k - literary (“to roll up one's sleeves or trousers (Zhangzhou)”);
liak - literary (“to make a pleat”);
lek - (“to roll up one's sleeves or trousers (Xiamen, Zhangzhou); to use one's hand to straighten up something”);
la̍k - used in 肥勒爺／肥勒爷;
leh/le̍h - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: lêg⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: le̍k
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /lek̚⁴/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸leq
  - MiniDict: leh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵leq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ləʔ¹²/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ləʔ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ləʔ²³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 勒
Mandarin	Beijing	/lɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/lɤ²¹³/ ～令 /lei⁴⁴/ ～緊
	Tianjin	/lei²¹/ /lɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/lə²¹³/ /lei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/lə⁴²/ /le⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/lei²¹/
	Xining	/lɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lia¹³/ /lə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/lə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/lei⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/nɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ne³¹/ /nie³¹/
	Guiyang	/lɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/lə³¹/
	Nanjing	/ləʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/laɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/liəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/lʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ləʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ləʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ləʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ləʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/le²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/le²²/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/lə²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/næ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/let̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lɐk̚²/
	Nanning	/lɐk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/lɐk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/lɛiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/lɛ⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/lek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lek̚⁵/ /lek̚³/

Middle Chinese: lok

Rime
Character	勒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧則切
Baxter	lok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lək̚/
Li Rong	/lək̚/
Wang Li	/lək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/lək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lak⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*rɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勒	勒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lè	lè
Middle Chinese	‹ lok ›	‹ lok ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁək/	/*[r]ˁək/
English	engrave	bridle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勒
Reading #	1/1
No.	7844
Phonetic component	力
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	勒
Old Chinese	/*rɯːɡ/
Notes	說文力聲，金文或單作革，實革轉註分化字

Definitions

勒

(literary) bridle (headgear for a horse)
to rein in; to restrain
to compel; to force; to coerce
to halter; to headstall
(literary) to command; to lead; to lay out (forces)
(colloquial) to strap tightly; to bind tight; to strangle; to tighten
to restrict; to limit
(literary) to cut; to carve; to engrave
to compile; to bind (to make a book)
to write; to draw; to depict
to extort; to blackmail
to tantalise; to provoke
Short for 勒克斯 (lèkèsī, “lux”).
(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to roll up one's sleeves or trousers
(Xiamen Hokkien) to use one's hand to straighten up something
(Quanzhou Hokkien) to make a pleat
A respelling of the French patronymic le
勒龐／勒庞 ― Lèpáng ― Le Pen

Synonyms

(bridle): 馬籠頭／马笼头 (mǎlóngtou)
(to compel):

edit

劫 (jié) (literary, or in compounds)
勒逼 (lèbī)
強制／强制 (qiángzhì)
強迫／强迫
強逼／强逼 (qiǎngbī)
押 (Hokkien, Teochew)
緊逼／紧逼 (jǐnbī)
脅迫／胁迫 (xiépò)
迫
迫使 (pòshǐ)
逼
逼迫 (bīpò)

(to carve):

edit

刊刻 (kānkè)
摳／抠 (kōu)
鐫刻／镌刻 (juānkè) (literary)
雕刻 (diāokè)
雕塑 (diāosù)
雕琢 (diāozhuó)
雕鑿／雕凿 (diāozáo)

Compounds

克克拉去考勒 (Kèkèlāqùkǎolè)
克勒特
克孜勒蘇／克孜勒苏 (Kèzīlèsū)
列寧格勒／列宁格勒 (Liènínggélè)
加依提勒克 (Jiāyītílèkè)
加勒比海 (Jiālèbǐ Hǎi)
勒交
勒令 (lèlìng)
勒休
勒住
勒借
勒停
勒克司
勒兵 (lèbīng)
勒口
勒子
勒尤 (lèyóu)
勒戒 (lèjiè)
勒抑 (lèyì)
勒拿河 (Lèná Hé)
勒掯
勒斃／勒毙
勒死
勒派 (lèpài)
勒狀／勒状
勒石 (lèshí)
勒碑
勒索 (lèsuǒ)
勒緊／勒紧
勒緊褲帶／勒紧裤带 (lēijǐn kùdài)
勒詐／勒诈
勒贖／勒赎 (lèshú)
勒迫
勒逼 (lèbī)
勒里勒得
勒銘／勒铭
勒銜／勒衔
勒開／勒开
勒限
勒馬／勒马 (lèmǎ)
勒馬懸崖／勒马悬崖
勒魚／勒鱼 (lèyú)
勾勒 (gōulè)
古勒巴格 (Gǔlèbāgé)
吐曼塔勒 (Tǔmàntǎlè)
呼畢勒罕／呼毕勒罕 (hūbìlèhǎn)
喀勒塔吐格曼 (Kālètǎtùgémàn)
喬勒潘／乔勒潘 (Qiáolèpān)
夏普吐勒 (Xiàpǔtǔlè)
夏馬勒巴格／夏马勒巴格 (Xiàmǎlèbāgé)
多羅貝勒／多罗贝勒 (duōluó bèilè)
大格勒 (Dàgélè)
奧勒岡州／奥勒冈州
巴勒摩
巴勒斯坦 (Bālèsītǎn)
布勒斯特
希吾勒 (Xīwúlè)
庫勒山／库勒山
庫拉木勒克／库拉木勒克 (Kùlāmùlèkè)
庫爾勒／库尔勒 (Kù'ěrlè)
強勒／强勒
彌勒／弥勒 (Mílè)
懸崖勒馬／悬崖勒马 (xuányálèmǎ)
托依堡勒迪 (Tuōyī Bǎolèdí)
抑勒
掯勒
擄人勒贖／掳人勒赎
敕勒
敕勒歌
敲詐勒索／敲诈勒索 (qiāozhàlèsuǒ)
泰勒制度
烏魯卻勒／乌鲁却勒 (Wūlǔquèlè)
玉勒
玉勒雕鞍
瓊庫勒／琼库勒 (Qióngkùlè)
疏勒 (Shūlè)
皮拉勒 (Pílālè)
磨勒
策勒 (Cèlè)
羅勒／罗勒 (luólè)
羈勒／羁勒 (jīlè)
臨崖勒馬／临崖勒马
色格孜庫勒／色格孜库勒 (Sègézī Kùlè)
薩利吉勒干南庫勒／萨利吉勒干南库勒 (Sàlìjílègānnánkùlè)
薩勒吾則克／萨勒吾则克 (Sàlèwúzékè)
要勒
訶梨勒／诃梨勒
貝爾格勒／贝尔格勒 (Bèi'ěrgélè)
賽普勒斯／赛普勒斯 (Sàipǔlèsī)
轡勒／辔勒
逼勒 (bīlè)
邀勒
那不勒斯 (Nàbùlèsī)
部勒
郭勒木德 (Guōlèmùdé)
金勒
鉤勒／钩勒 (gōulè)
銜勒／衔勒
錫林郭勒／锡林郭勒 (xīlínguōlè)
鐵勒／铁勒 (Tiělè)
阿依庫勒／阿依库勒 (Āyīkùlè)
阿勃勒
阿恰勒 (Āqiàlè)
阿熱勒／阿热勒 (Ārèlè)
革勒車／革勒车 (Gélèchē)

Etymology 2

From 在 (MC dzojX) (Dai, 2004). Compare 哉 > 了. Cognate with 垃 (lā).

Pronunciation

Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸laq / ⁸leq

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸laq
  - MiniDict: lah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵laq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /laʔ¹²/
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Suzhou, Haiyan, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸leq
  - MiniDict: leh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵leq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ləʔ¹²/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ləʔ¹²/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ləʔ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /ləʔ²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ləʔ²³/

Note: ⁸leq (Haiyan) - also ⁴lə.

Definitions

勒 (Northern Wu)

to be at; to be in
at; in
- 1981 [1945–1950], 倪海曙 [Ni Haishu], “太太走出廚房（蘇州話）”, in 雜格嚨咚 [Zagelongdong], 生活·讀書·新知三聯書店, reprint of 雜格嚨咚集 by 倪海曙, page 20:
  
  花瓶滾勒地下，皮鞋脫勒床浪。 [Suzhounese, trad.]
  花瓶滚勒地下，皮鞋脱勒床浪。 [Suzhounese, simp.]
  The vase was rolling on the floor and the shoes were removed on the bed.
the process of; currently (used to indicate the continuous aspect)
-ed; used to indicate the perfective aspect

Synonyms

(at):

Dialectal synonyms of 在 (“at, in”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		於
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		在
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	在, 挨, 跟, 的
	Taiwan	在
	Harbin	在
	Malaysia	在
	Singapore	在
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	在, 從
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	在
	Xi'an	在
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	在
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	在
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	在
	Wuhan	在
	Guiyang	在
	Guilin	在
	Liuzhou	在
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	在
	Yangzhou	在
	Rugao	吖
	Hefei	在
Cantonese	Guangzhou	喺, 響
	Hong Kong	喺, 響
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	喺, 在
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	喺, 響
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	在
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	在
	Macau	喺
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	喺, 響
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	響, 喺
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	在
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	在
	Foshan	喺, 響
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	喺, 響
	Foshan (Shunde)	喺
	Foshan (Sanshui)	喺
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	喺, 響
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	在
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	在
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	響, 揀
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	揀
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	喺
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	喺
	Taishan	到, 響
	Kaiping (Chikan)	到, 響
	Enping (Niujiang)	到, 響
	Heshan (Yayao)	響
	Dongguan	響, 在, 喺
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	在
	Yangjiang	在
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	喺, 響
	Singapore (Guangfu)	喺
Gan	Nanchang	在
	Lichuan	在
	Pingxiang	在
Hakka	Meixian	嗨
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	在
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	在
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	在
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	在
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	在
	Yudu	在
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	在
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	在
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	在
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	在
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	在
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	在
	Hong Kong	在
	Senai (Huiyang)	在
	Kuching (Hepo)	在
	Singapore (Dabu)	在
Jin	Taiyuan	在
Jin	Xinzhou	在
Northern Min	Jian'ou	到
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	著, 在, 洽
	Fuqing	著, 洽
	Singapore (Fuqing)	著
Southern Min	Xiamen	佇, 踮, 蹛
	Quanzhou	佇, 踮, 蹛
	Zhangzhou	佇, 咧, 蹛
	Zhao'an	佇, 蹛
	Taipei	佇
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	佇
	Kaohsiung	佇
	Yilan	佇
	Changhua (Lukang)	佇
	Taichung	佇
	Tainan	佇, 踮, 蹛
	Hsinchu	佇
	Kinmen	佇
	Penghu (Magong)	佇
	Penang (Hokkien)	佇, 蹛
	Singapore (Hokkien)	佇, 壏
	Manila (Hokkien)	佇, 踮
	Chaozhou	在
	Shantou	在
	Shantou (Chenghai)	在
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	在
	Jieyang	在, 壏, 放
	Haifeng	著
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	在
	Singapore (Teochew)	在, 壏
	Leizhou	佇, 放
	Wenchang	佇
	Singapore (Hainanese)	佇
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	在
Wu	Shanghai	垃, 垃垃, 垃拉, 垃海, 垃該, 垃浪
	Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang)	垃該, 拉
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	立垃, 勒嵌
	Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong)	垃, 垃垃
	Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong)	垃該
	Shanghai (Fengxian)	垃該
	Shanghai (Jinshan)	有垃, 垃該
	Shanghai (Qingpu)	勒拉
	Shanghai (Jiading)	勒, 浪, 勒浪, 勒搭
	Shanghai (Chongming)	勒勒, 勒
	Suzhou	勒, 勒勒, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒篤
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	勒, 勒海, 勒拉, 勒浪
	Wuxi	勒, 來勒, 勒娘, 勒裡
	Changshu	勒笃, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪
	Kunshan	勒, 勒浪, 勒海
	Qidong	勒
	Qidong (Lüsi)	在, 來, 來該
	Nantong (Haimen)	勒, 勒特, 勒海, 勒勒
	Haimen (Sijia)	來, 來到
	Rudong	勒, 勒勒
	Pinghu	勒, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒化, 來, 來海, 來浪, 來化
	Haining (Xiashi)	有起霍, 有起, 有垃, 起勒, 起, 勒, 起霍
	Haiyan	勒, 勒勒
	Changzhou	勒, 勒蕩, 勒娘, 勒頭, 漏
	Liyang	立
	Changzhou (Jintan)	在, 則
	Danyang	在, 則
	Jingjiang	來, 勒
	Jiangyin	勒, 勒勒
	Nanjing (Gaochun)	來, 拉, 垃, 得, 擱
	Huzhou	拉
	Deqing	垃, 垃好, 來該, 來東, 拉好, 有好
	Deqing (Geting)	拉
	Hangzhou	勒, 勒哈, 來搭, 來東, 在
	Hangzhou (Lin'an)	來, 來埭, 來同
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	勒, 勒裡, 勒帶, 勒底
	Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)	來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯
	Tonglu	來, 來裡, 來夯
	Shaoxing	來帶, 來埭, 來東, 來同, 來夯, 帶, 埭, 東, 同, 夯
	Shaoxing (Keqiao)	來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯
	Zhuji	來克, 來客, 勒克, 勒客, 克, 客
	Shengzhou	來, 來帶, 來東, 來夯
	Xinchang	來固, 來蒙, 來頭
	Ningbo	來, 來勒, 來的, 來對, 來東, 來當, 來該
	Ningbo (Zhenhai)	來
	Ningbo (Beilun)	來, 來該, 來的, 來對, 來當
	Ningbo (Yinzhou)	立該, 來, 來的, 來該
	Yuyao	來, 得, 來浪
	Ninghai	來的
	Zhoushan (Dinghai)	勒
	Wenzhou	是
Xiang	Changsha	在
	Loudi	在
	Shuangfeng	在

(the process of):

Dialectal synonyms of 正在 (“in the process of; currently”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		正在, 刻正
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	正在, 在
	Taiwan	正在, 在
	Malaysia	正在, 在
	Singapore	正在, 在
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	在
Cantonese	Guangzhou	喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處
	Hong Kong	喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處
	Singapore (Guangfu)	喺度
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	當, 在該, 當在
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	當, 在該
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	當, 在該
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	當, 在該
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	當, 在該
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	正在, 在遐
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	著𡅏, 𡅏
	Fuqing	著𡅏
	Singapore (Fuqing)	著𡅏
Southern Min	Xiamen	佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
	Quanzhou	佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
	Zhangzhou	咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 當時
	Tainan	佇咧, 咧, 當咧
	Penang (Hokkien)	佇
	Singapore (Hokkien)	佇, 佇咧
	Manila (Hokkien)	佇咧, 咧
	Shantou	在
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	在
	Singapore (Teochew)	在
Wu	Shanghai	垃, 垃垃, 垃拉, 垃海, 垃該
	Ningbo	來, 來的, 來該, 來當, 來東, 來勒
	Wenzhou	是, 是搭

Dialectal synonyms of 著 (“(particle indicating the continuation of an action or a state)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		著
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	著
	Taiwan	著
	Harbin	著
	Singapore	著
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	著
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	著
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	著
	Xi'an	著
	Xuzhou	著
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	倒
	Guiyang	倒
	Guilin	倒
	Liuzhou	倒, 穩
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	著
Cantonese	Guangzhou	緊
	Hong Kong	緊
	Singapore (Guangfu)	緊
Gan	Nanchang	倒
Hakka	Meixian	等
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	等
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	等
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	等
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	緊
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	等
	Kuching (Hepo)	緊
Jin	Taiyuan	著
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	緊
Wu	Shanghai	勒海, 勒該
	Hangzhou	勒
	Ningbo	的, 該, 當, 東, 仔, 勒眼
	Zhoushan	底, 的 rare, 該, 當, 仔, 勒眼

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lei (lei⁵／lei⁰)

(Zhuyin): ˙ㄌㄟ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lei
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄌㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: le̊i
  - Wade–Giles: lei⁵
  - Yale: lei
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .lei
  - Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯/

Definitions

勒

Alternative form of 嘞 (“modal particle”)

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 勒 – see 捩 (“(Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to pick up something with one's fingertips, especially with one's thumb and forefinger”). (This character is a variant form of 捩).

References

“勒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

勒

(Hyōgai kanji)

halter and bit

Readings

Go-on: ろく (roku)
Kan-on: ろく (roku)
Kun: くつわ (kutsuwa, 勒)

Etymology

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

勒

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
勒
ろく Hyōgai
on'yomi

Middle Chinese 勒 (lək̚)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ろく [róꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɾo̞kɯ̟]

Noun

勒(ろく) • (roku)

bit (metal in horse's mouth)
headstall
the second of the Eight Principles of Yong

Hypernyms

永(えい)字(じ)八(はっ)法(ぽう) (eiji happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)

Coordinate terms

側(そく) (soku, “the first of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
努(ど) (do, “the third of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
趯(てき) (teki, “the fourth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
策(さく) (saku, “the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
掠(りゃく) (ryaku, “the sixth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
啄(たく) (taku, “the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
磔(たく) (taku, “the eighth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

勒 (eumhun 굴레 륵 (gulle reuk), word-initial (South Korea) 굴레 늑 (gulle neuk))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

勒: Hán Nôm readings: lặc, lắc, lấc, lật, lất

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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