制

See also: 製 and 刺

制	U+5236, 制 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5236

← 刵
[U+5235]

CJK Unified Ideographs

刷 →
[U+5237]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

制 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹月中弓 (HBLN), four-corner 2220₀, composition ⿰⿻牛冂刂)

Derived characters

淛猘𠶜𡍘𡝧𢛁𢮓𨔈㫼掣𤙲𦜋𦜗𦜾𦲟𪰮𭪨𭪩痸𥇕𧚳𬎭䎺製𧤊𧨰𨡐𨡘𨧳𨨪𫵨䱥鯯𪘥

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 139, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1961
Dae Jaweon: page 315, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 335, character 1
Unihan data for U+5236

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 制
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (制) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
制	*kjeds
淛	*kjeds
製	*kjeds
掣	kʰjeds, kʰjed
痸	*kʰjeds
猘	*kreds

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“tree”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to cut a tree. 木 was also written as the related 未.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		制
alternative forms		𠛐𠝁剬𠜔

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zai³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zai¹
Gan (Wiktionary): zi⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chṳ

(Meixian, Guangdong): zi⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): zi³
Eastern Min (BUC): cié
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chè / chì

(Teochew, Peng'im): zi³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsy
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhr⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴
  - Yale: jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zi⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zai³
  - Yale: jai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: zi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zi³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cié
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɛ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
  - Tâi-lô: tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zex
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì
  - Tâi-lô: tsì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡si²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zi³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsy
  - MiniDict: tsy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zhr⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsyejH

Rime
Character	制
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	征例切
Baxter	tsyejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciaj^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛi^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zai³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tet-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kjeds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	制
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*tet-s/
English	cut out, prepare
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	制
Reading #	1/1
No.	17377
Phonetic component	制
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	制
Old Chinese	/*kjeds/

Definitions

制

to plan; to regulate
to restrict; to limit; to control
to rule; to decide; to overpower
system; law; rules
(historical) edict of ancient Chinese rulers
- 國君死社稷，大夫死眾，士死制。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  国君死社稷，大夫死众，士死制。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Guójūn sǐ shèjì, dàfū sǐ zhòng, shì sǐ zhì. [Pinyin]
  A ruler should die for his altars; a great officer, with the host (he commands); an inferior officer, for his charge.
(historical) mourning rite on behalf of parents' deaths in ancient China
(Cantonese, chiefly in the negative) to consent to; to agree to
Synonym: 肯

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 制 – see 製 (“to make; to manufacture; to produce; to cut out”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 製).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

制

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: せ (se)
Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
Kun: おさえる (osaeru, 制える)
Nanori: いさむ (isamu)、おさむ (osamu)、さだ (sada)、すけ (suke)、ただ (tada)、のり (nori)

Suffix

制(せい) • (-sei)

system

Korean

Hanja

制 (eumhun 절제할 제 (jeoljehal je))

hanja form^? of 제 (“plan; regulate”)

Compounds

규제 (規制, gyuje, “regulation, control, restriction”)

Vietnamese

Han character

制: Hán Nôm readings: chế, chới, chơi, choi, xế, xiết

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