ber-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ber"
Indonesian
editEtymology
editInherited from Malay ber-, from Classical Malay ber-, from Old Malay bar-,
- from earlier Old Malay mar-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-.
- comparable to Proto-Austroasiatic *p-, *pC- (“causative prefix”).
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editber- (verb base)
- (intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs
- (intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs
- (intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self.
ber- (noun base)
- to have; -ed, -d
- to produce [base]
- to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by [base]
- to work, to engage in the [base].
- (intransitive, reciprocal) to do [base] in reciprocal situation.
- (intransitive) duration and length
- ber- + jam (“hour”) → berjam-jam (“hours”)
- ber- + meter (“metre”) → bermeter-meter (“metres”)
ber- (adjective base)
- (intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs
- ber- + gembira (“happy”) → bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)
- ber- + sedih (“sad”) → bersedih (“to be in sadness”)
ber- (numeral base)
- multiple
- together in a group of [base]
- (acting) in a number of groups of [base] at a time
- ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga-tiga (“three at a time, three by three”)
Alternative forms
edit- be- used in word with initial /r/ or word with final /-ər.C-/ in first syllable
- bel- only used in the word ajar and unjur
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “ber-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editber- (verb base)
- (intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs
- (intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs
- (intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self.
- (intransitive) alternative form of di-.
ber- (noun base)
- to have; -ed, -d
- to produce [base]
- to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by [base]
- to work, to engage in the [base].
- (intransitive, reciprocal) to do [base] in reciprocal situation.
ber- (adjective base)
- (intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs
- ber- + gembira (“happy”) → bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)
- ber- + sedih (“sad”) → bersedih (“to be in sadness”)
ber- (numeral base)
Alternative forms
edit- be- used in words with initial /r/ in the first syllable and kerja
- bel- only used in the words ajar and unjur
Derived terms
editDescendants
editFurther reading
edit- “ber-” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Categories:
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Old Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Old Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian prefixes
- Indonesian intransitive verbs
- Indonesian reflexive verbs
- Indonesian reciprocal verbs
- Indonesian stative verbs
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Malay lemmas
- Malay prefixes
- Malay intransitive verbs
- Malay reflexive verbs
- Malay reciprocal verbs
- Malay stative verbs