kernel
English
editEtymology
editFrom Middle English kernel, kirnel, kürnel, from Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kurną (“seed, grain, corn”), equivalent to corn + -le. Cognate with Yiddish קערנדל (kerndl), Middle Dutch kernel, cornel, Middle High German kornel. Related also to Old Norse kjarni (“kernel”).
Pronunciation
edit- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈkɜːnəl/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈkɝnəl/
Audio (General Australian): (file) - Homophone: colonel
- Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nəl
Noun
editkernel (plural kernels)
- The core, center, or essence of an object or system.
- (botany) The central (usually edible) part of a nut, especially once the hard shell has been removed.
- (botany) A single seed or grain, especially of corn or wheat.
- (botany, US) The stone of certain fruits, such as peaches or plums.
- A small mass around which other matter is concreted; a nucleus; a concretion or hard lump in the flesh.
- (computing) The central part of many computer operating systems which manages the system's resources and the communication between hardware and software components.
- Antonym: userland
- Hyponyms: microkernel, unikernel
- The Linux kernel is open-source.
- (computing) The core engine of any complex software system.
- (programming) The simplified input to an algorithm that has undergone kernelization.
- (calculus) A function used to define an integral transform.
- The Dirichlet kernel convolved with a function yields its Fourier series approximation.
- (mathematics) A set of pairs of a mapping's domain which are mapped to the same value.
- (mathematics, linear algebra, group theory, functional analysis) For a given function (especially a linear transformation between vector spaces or homomorphism between groups), the set of elements in the domain which are mapped to zero; (formally) given f : X → Y, the set {x ∈ X : f(x) = 0}.
- (mathematics, category theory) For a category with zero morphisms: the equalizer of a given morphism and the zero morphism which is parallel to that given morphism.
- (mathematics, fuzzy set theory) The set of members of a fuzzy set that are fully included (i.e., whose grade of membership is 1).
- (slang) The human clitoris.
- 2014, Karyn Gerrard, Irene Preston, Lotchie Burton, et al: Summer Heat: 10 Spicy Romances That Sizzle:
- Using the blunt end of one of the vibraphone mallets, he pried open her folds. With the balled end of the other, he rhythmically rolled over her kernel.
- (chemistry) The nucleus and electrons of an atom excluding its valence electrons.
- 1916, Gilbert N. Lewis, “The Atom and The Molecule”, in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 38(4) p 768:
- 1. In every atom is an essential kernel which remains unaltered in all ordinary chemical changes and which possesses an excess of positive charges corresponding in number to the ordinal number of the group in the periodic table to which the element belongs.
Synonyms
edit- (core or essence): See also Thesaurus:gist
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- → Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb
editkernel (third-person singular simple present kernels, present participle (US) kerneling or (UK) kernelling, simple past and past participle (US) kerneled or (UK) kernelled)
- To enclose within a kernel
- To crenellate
Anagrams
editHungarian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editkernel (plural kernelek)
- (computing) kernel (the central part of many computer operating systems)
- Synonym: rendszermag
Declension
editInflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kernel | kernelek |
accusative | kernelt | kerneleket |
dative | kernelnek | kerneleknek |
instrumental | kernellel | kernelekkel |
causal-final | kernelért | kernelekért |
translative | kernellé | kernelekké |
terminative | kernelig | kernelekig |
essive-formal | kernelként | kernelekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | kernelben | kernelekben |
superessive | kernelen | kerneleken |
adessive | kernelnél | kerneleknél |
illative | kernelbe | kernelekbe |
sublative | kernelre | kernelekre |
allative | kernelhez | kernelekhez |
elative | kernelből | kernelekből |
delative | kernelről | kernelekről |
ablative | kerneltől | kernelektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
kernelé | kerneleké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
kerneléi | kernelekéi |
Possessive forms of kernel | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | kernelem | kerneleim |
2nd person sing. | kerneled | kerneleid |
3rd person sing. | kernele | kernelei |
1st person plural | kernelünk | kerneleink |
2nd person plural | kerneletek | kerneleitek |
3rd person plural | kernelük | kerneleik |
References
edit- ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Middle English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil; equivalent to corn + -el (agentive suffix). Some forms are influenced by corn.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkernel (plural kerneles)
- The seed, grain or stone of a fruit or nut.
- (by extension) A granule; a small grain, flake, or ball.
- (figurative) The fundamental, superior or essential part.
- (anatomy) An organ responsible for production of substances.
- (medicine) A distended organ or growth.
Derived terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- “kirnel, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-06.
Old French
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
Noun
editkernel oblique singular, m (oblique plural kerneaus or kerneax or kerniaus or kerniax or kernels, nominative singular kerneaus or kerneax or kerniaus or kerniax or kernels, nominative plural kernel)
- crenel (space in a battlement from which weapons may be used on an incoming enemy)
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (crenel, supplement)
Portuguese
editEtymology
editUnadapted borrowing from English kernel.
Noun
editkernel m (plural kernels)
- (computing) kernel (central part of certain operating systems)
- (calculus) kernel (a function used to define an integral transform)
- (algebra) kernel (set of elements mapped to zero)
Synonyms
edit- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵerh₂-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms suffixed with -le
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English terms with homophones
- Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)nəl
- Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)nəl/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Botany
- American English
- en:Computing
- en:Programming
- en:Calculus
- en:Mathematics
- en:Linear algebra
- en:Group theory
- en:Functional analysis
- en:Category theory
- English slang
- English terms with quotations
- en:Chemistry
- English verbs
- English terms with /ɛ/ for Old English /y/
- en:Plant anatomy
- Hungarian terms borrowed from English
- Hungarian terms derived from English
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛl
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛl/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian nouns
- hu:Computing
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms suffixed with -el (agentive)
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- enm:Anatomy
- enm:Medicine
- enm:Fruits
- enm:Grains
- enm:Spices
- Old French lemmas
- Old French nouns
- Old French masculine nouns
- Portuguese terms borrowed from English
- Portuguese unadapted borrowings from English
- Portuguese terms derived from English
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese terms spelled with K
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- pt:Computing
- pt:Calculus
- pt:Algebra