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擔

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 担
擔 U+64D4, 擔
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-64D4
← 擓
[U+64D3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 擕 →
[U+64D5]

Translingual

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Japanese 担
Simplified 担
Traditional 擔

Han character

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擔 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 手弓金口 (QNCR), four-corner 57061, composition ⿰扌詹)

Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 459, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12828
  • Dae Jaweon: page 807, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1971, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+64D4

Chinese

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trad. 擔
simp. 担*
alternative forms 儋
担
𧭃
𥣲

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (詹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
甔 *toːm, *taːm, *taːms
擔 *taːm, *taːms
儋 *ʔl'aːm
聸 *taːm
膽 *taːmʔ
黵 *taːmʔ, *tjamʔ
澹 *daːm, *daːmʔ, *daːms
憺 *daːmʔ, *daːms
瞻 *tjam
詹 *tjam
蟾 *tjam, *djam
噡 *tjam
譫 *tjam, *daːb, *tjaːb
幨 *tʰjam, *tʰjams
襜 *tʰjam, *tʰjams
韂 *tʰjams
贍 *djams
檐 *lam
簷 *lam
舚 *tʰeːm, *tʰeːms

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *taːm, *taːms) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam) – to carry by hand.

Etymology

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According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Burmese ထမ်း (htam:, “to carry on the shoulder”). Schuessler (2007), on the other hand, notes 擔 (OC *taːm) is an area word whose source is probably Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *klam ~ *kləm (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Khmu klam (“to carry on shoulder”). An alternative form with initial *t which agrees with later Old Chinese is widespread; compare also Khmer ទាំ (tŏəm, “to tire of; to bear”), Khmer ទ្រាំ (trŏəm, “to bear; to endure”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *ntam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Iu Mien daːm¹, and Proto-Tai *trwaːmᴬ (“to carry on the back”), whence Thai หาม (hǎam, “to carry”).

The softened initial in Northern Min points to OC pre-nasalization which is supported by Iu Mien daːm¹ (Schuessler, 2007), an early Chinese loan into Hmong-Mien (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

擔 (OC *taːms) is 擔 (OC *taːm) with the passive s/h-suffix, literally "what is carried".

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • taⁿ - vernacular;
  • tam - literary.
Note:
  • dam1/dang1 - literary (dang1 - Chenghai);
  • dan1 - vernacular.
Note: 1'ne - variant, possibly influenced by 拿, used in e.g. 擔伊做脫.
Rime
Character 擔
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都甘切
Baxter tam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑm/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tam/
Li
Rong 		/tɑm/
Wang
Li 		/tɑm/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tɑm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		daam1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 擔
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tam ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mə-tˁam/
English carry on the shoulder

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 擔
Reading # 1/2
No. 16747
Phonetic
component 		詹
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		擔
Old
Chinese 		/*taːm/
Notes 見國語說文作儋

Definitions

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擔

  1. to carry on a shoulder pole
  2. to bear; to shoulder; to undertake
  3. (Cantonese) to hold in one's mouth
    佢擔住枝煙行路。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢担住枝烟行路。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 daam1 zyu6 zi1 jin1 haang4 lou6. [Jyutping]
    He is walking with a cigarette in his mouth.
    條蟲俾隻雀仔擔走咗。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    条虫俾只雀仔担走咗。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    tiu4 cung4 bei2 zek3 zoek3 zai2 daam1 zau2 zo2. [Jyutping]
    The worm was taken away by the bird with the beak.
Synonyms
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  • (to bear):

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Note:
  • tàⁿ - vernacular;
  • tàm - literary.
Rime
Character 擔
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都濫切
Baxter tamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑmH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tamH/
Li
Rong 		/tɑmH/
Wang
Li 		/tɑmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tɑmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		daam3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 擔 擔
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dàn dàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tam › ‹ tamH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁam/ /*mə-tˁam-s/
English burden burden

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 擔
Reading # 2/2
No. 16753
Phonetic
component 		詹
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		擔
Old
Chinese 		/*taːms/

Definitions

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擔

  1. carrying pole with loads on both ends
  2. burden; load; responsibilities
  3. picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight equal to 100 catties
    1. (Mainland China) picul; equal to 50 kilograms
    2. (Hong Kong) picul; equal to 60.478982 kilograms
  4. Classifier for things carried on a shoulder pole: load

Compounds

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

担

Kyūjitai

擔

Kanji

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擔

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 担)

  1. A traditional unit of measurement equivalent to 60kg or approximately 132.3lb
  2. shouldering
  3. carry
  4. raise
  5. bear

Readings

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  • Go-on: たん (tan)
  • Kan-on: たん (tan)
  • On: けつ (ketsu)、せん (sen)
  • Kun: になう (ninau, 擔う)、かつぐ (katsugu, 擔ぐ)

Korean

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Hanja

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擔 (eumhun 멜 담 (mel dam))

  1. hanja form? of 담 (“shouldering”)
  2. hanja form? of 담 (“carry”)
  3. hanja form? of 담 (“raise”)
  4. hanja form? of 담 (“bear”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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擔: Hán Nôm readings: đâm, đảm, tạ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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